he was obliged to fell his patrimony, he had not even that poor privilege allowed him, without paying an exorbitant fine for a licence of alienation. A flavery fo complicated and fo extenfive as this, called aloud for a remedy in a nation that boasted of her freedom. Palliatives were from time to time applied by fucceffive acts of parliament, which affuaged fome temporary grievances. Till at length the humanity of King James I. confented, for a proper equivalent, to abolish them all, though the plan then proceeded not to effect; in like manner as he had formed a scheme, and began to put it in execution, for removing the feodal-grievance of heritable jurifdictions in Scotland, which has fince been pursued and effected by the statute 20 Geo. II. c. 43. King James's plan for exchanging our military tenures seems to have been nearly the fame as that which has been fince purfued; only with this difference, that by way of compenfation for the lofs which the crown and other lords would fuftain, an annual fee-farm rent should be fettled and infeparably annexed to the crown, and affured to the inferior lords, payable out of every knight's fee within their respective feignories. An expedient, feemingly much better than the hereditary excife which was afterwards made the principal equivalent for thefe conceflions. For at length the military tenures, with all their heavy appendages, were destroyed at one blow by the ftatute 12 Car. II. c. 24. which enacts, "that the court of ward or liveries, and all wardships, liveries, primer feifins, and oufterlemains, values and forfeitures of marriages, by reafon of any tenure of the king or others, be totally taken away. And that all fines for alienations, tenures by homage, knightsfervice, and efcuage, and alfo aids for marrying the daughter or knighting the fon, and all tenures of the king in capite, be likewife taken away. And that all forts of tenures, held of the king or others, be turned into free and common foccage; fave only tenures in frank A frankalmoign, copyholds, and the honorary fervices (without the flavish part) of grand-ferjeanty. tatute which was a greater acquifition to the civil property of this kingdom than even magna charta itself: fince that only pruned the luxuriances that had grown out of the military tenures, and thereby preferved them in vigour: but the ftatute of King Charles extirpated the whole, and demolished both root and branches. OF THE BRITISH WARS FROM THE INVASION OF JULIUS CÆSAR, TILL THE ROMANS ABANDONED THE ISLAND. THE time when the ifland of Britain was firft peopled, is uncertain; nor do we know whether the fouthern or northern parts were first inhabited. We have no accounts that can be depended upon before the arrival of Julius Cæfar, and it is certain he found the fouthern parts full of people of a very warlike difpofition. These people, according to Cæfar, were a colony of the Gauls; and this opinion is embraced by moft of the ancient as well as modern writers. It is chiefly founded on the agreement obferved by the Romans between the two nations in their cuftoms, manners, language, religion, government, way of fighting, &c. The more northern inhabitants, according to Tacitus, came from Germany. This he infers from the make of their limbs; but Cæfar fimply calls them Aborigenes. England, including the principality of Wales, when first invaded by the Romans, was divided into 17 petty states. 1. The Danmonii, called alfo Dunmonii and Donmonii, inhabiting the counties of Cornwall and Deyonfhire. 2. The Durotriges, who inhabited the track now called Dorfetfhire. 3. The Belgæ poffeffed Somersetshire, Wiltshire and Hampshire. 4. The Attrebatii, or inhabitants of Berkshire. 5. The Regni, whofe 14. are by Ptolemy called Simeni, and by others Tig Camden is of opinion, that they were the fame wh Cæfar calls Cenomagni. II. The Coritani, w country comprehended Northamptonshire, Liece fhire, Rutlandfhire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamf and Derbyshire. 12. The Cornavii poffeffed W wickshire, Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Shropf and Cheshire. 13. The Silures inhabited the cour of Radnorfhire, Brecknock hire, Glamorganf with Herefordshire and Monmouthshire. Demetre inhabited part of Carmarthenshire, Pembro fhire, and Cardiganfhire. 15. The country of Ordovices comprehended Montgomeryfhire, Me nethshire, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, and F fhire. 16. The Brigantes poffeffed the countrie Yorkshire, the bishopric of Durham, Lancaf Weftmoreland, and Cumberland. 17. The co of Northumberland was held by the Öttadini, O deni, or Ottalini. Their country, according to fo reached from the Tine to the river Forth; though most common opinion is, that it reached only to Tweed. The above-mentioned names of these nations plainly Roman, but the etymology of them is not fily afcertained. Some attempt to derive them f words in the old British language; but as this ful at best must be very obfcure and uncertain, and has been largely treated of in the Hiftories of England, we fhall not enter into it. Before the time of Julius Cæfar, the Romans had fcarcely any knowledge of Britain; but that conqueror having fubdued moft of the Gallic nations on the oppofite fide of the channel, began to think of extending his conquefts by the reduction of Britain. The motive for this expedition, afcribed to him by Suetonius, was a defire of enriching himself by the British pearls, which were then very much efteemed. The pretence, however, which he made use of in order to justify his invafion was, that the Britons had fent affiftance to the Gauls during his wars with them. Cæfar undertook his firft expedition against Britain when the summer was already far spent, and therefore, he did not expect to finish the conqueft of the country that campaign. He thought, however, that it would be a confiderable advantage to view the island, and learn fomething of the manners and customs of the natives; after which he could more eafily take fuch meafures as would ensure a permanent conqueft on his return. Having marched all his forces into the country of the Morini, now the province of Picardy, from whence was the shortest paffage into Britain; he ordered at the fame time all the veffels that lay in the neighbouring ports, and a fleet which he had built the year before for an expedition against the Morini, to attend him. The Britons, alarmed at his preparations, fent ambaffadors with offers of fubmiflion; but Cæfar, though he received them with great kindness, did not abandon his intended fcheme of an invafion. He waited till the arrival of C. Volufenus, whom he had fent out with a fingle galley to make discoveries on the coaft. Volufenus did not think proper to land; but, having made what obfervations he could, returned after five days absence, and Cæfar immediately fet fail for Britain. His force confifted of two legions em barked SOLI THE HE refearches made by Dr. SIBLY, into philofophical and chemical enquiries; his long and laborious application to the study of second causes, which are the hidden, occult, or spiritual operations of nature in all her works; the chymical analyfation of medical plants, herbs, and minerals; a contempla, tion of the human ftructure, with the principles of life and death; a minute investigation of the ancient and modern practice of phyfic; of hereditary, accidental, and acquired, difeafes, and the dreadful confequences of a mistaken or mifguided treatment of them, are the fources from whence this medicine is recommended to the notice of a candid and difcerning public. It is a melancholy fact, too long established to be doubted, that more than two thirds of the human race perifh by improper management or neglect, either in the helpless years of infancy, in the riper years of juvenile indifcretion, or in the more advanced stage of life, when a tainted or fcorbutic habit has undermined the conftitution, and brought on a complication of maladies, as difficult to cure, as the common remedies are in general remote from the purpose. But still more thocking is it to every fentiment of humanity to reflect, that some hundreds, perhaps thoufands, of valuable members of fociety, are annually torn from their difconfolate families by fome accidental fudden cause, and hurried thoughtlessly to the grave, in whom the principles of life were capable of being revived! This lamentable truth has been established by the happy fuccefs of the Humane Society, from whose laudable exertions feveral hundred perfons have been reftored to life, who, to all vifible appearance, were paft recovery. Every age and country affords fome inftances of perfons having been recovered, even after lying long for dead; and from the number of thofe preferved by mere lucky accidents, it is evident ftill greater numbers might be faved by timely pains and fkill. With this benevolent view, the prefent medicine was attempted; ftrengthened by the confideration that all disorders originating in the blood, might either be prevented or repelled, could a medium be difcovered, for infufing immediately into the mafs, a fluid combination of fuch elemental principles, as the blood and juices themselves confift in their pureft ftate for this, in fact, is the aim of all medicines, but which they mifs, by being administered in their grofs form, and obliged to pafs the feveral digef tive operations of the ftomach, before they can reach the blood, whereby the principal part of their occult virtue is loft amongst the food, or fecreted in fuch Imall quantities, as to be of very little effect. But a medium, poffeffing these principles, ready digefted, and fo combined as to be taken inftantly, and without diminution, into the habit, world not only keep the cruor and the Jerum in |