judicium inde reddendum cum ea celeritate, qua de jure et secundum legem et consuetudinem predictas poteritis, procedatis, et partibus predictis plenam et celerem justiciam in hac parte fieri faciatis, allegacione predicta, seu eo quod in dicto brevi nostro de procedendo expressa fit mencio, quod ad judicium predictum reddendum, nobis inconsultis, minime procederetis, non obstante. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium, quinto die Julii, anno regni nostri duodecimo.

"Et lectis et auditis, tam placitis parcium predictarum, quam predicto brevi de procedendo ad judicium; Consideratum est, quod predicte breve domini Regis patentes prefato Johanni Wyndesore de predictis castro, manerio et dominiis in forma predicta facte, revocentur et penitus adnullentur, et pro nullo habeantur; Et quod predicti Johannes Cornewaill et comitissa eant inde sine die", etc.1

1 Cf. Rawl. MS. C, fo. 704, Bibl. Bodl., where reference is wrongly given.

Obituary.

RICHARD WILLIAM BANKS.

THE Association has lost one of its most zealous and learned members in the person of Richard William Banks of Ridgbourne, Herefordshire, and Howey Hall, Radnorshire, who succumbed to the prevailing epidemic of influenza on June 24, at the age of seventytwo. He was the eldest son of Mr. Richard Banks, solicitor, of Kington, and was educated at Ludlow and Rugby Schools. He succeeded to his father's business, and was also head of the firm of bankers, Davies, Banks, and Co., of Kington, Rhayader, and Penybont. Mr. Banks' great business capacities, his devotion to his duties, and his wide and accurate learning, made him a most valuable coadjutor and guide. As a Magistrate for the counties of Brecon, Hereford, and Radnor (for the last of which he was High Sheriff in 1874, and a member of its County Council), and as Chairman of the Kington Improvement Commissioners, he has left an honourable and worthy record; and especially will his townsmen remember his great services in connection with the resuscitation and improvement of Lady Hawkins' Grammar School.

But it is rather as an archeologist, and of his services to our own Association, that we would write of him now. It was in 1864 that Mr. Banks became one of our members, and from that period till his death he was an active promoter of its interests, and a constant contributor to its Journal. The list of appended articles is evidence of the extensiveness of his knowledge, and their contents prove his accuracy. Historical records, municipal charters, medieval tenures, civil and ecclesiastical matters, the stories of counties and families, found in him a careful interpreter; and he was always ready to help others in their researches. His "Cartularium Prioratus S. Johannis Evangelista de Brecon", with its illustrative notes, and his historical Preface to the "Official Progress of the first Duke of Beaufort through Wales in 1684", which he was the principal means of having so admirably reproduced by Messrs. Blades, East, and Blades, will form his best literary memorial. But we must not forget either his efficient management of the funds of the Association, of which he was Treasurer from the resignation of Mr. Barnwell, in 1884, till his death, and which he has left in a better condition than they have ever been in before; nor his help by purse and influence in carrying out successfully the work which Mr. Stephen Williams has so well directed and described at the Abbey of Strata Florida.

Mr. Banks married Emily Rosa, daughter of Nathaniel Hartland, Esq., Charlton Kings, Gloucestershire, who with a son and daughter

survive him. The former has already given valuable help for the illustration of the Journal, and we trust he will prove a worthy son of a worthy father.

List of Articles contributed to the Journal by Mr. Banks.

1864. Early History of the Forest of Radnor, etc.

Account of the Siege of Brampton Bryan Castle, Herefordshire.

1866. A List of Members of Parliament for the County of Radnor and the Radnorshire Boroughs.

Sir Robert Harley's Narrative.

1867. Brampton Bryan Castle.

1869-70. Notes on the Early History of the Manor of Huntington, Herefordshire.

1871. On the Family of Vaughan of Hergêst.

On the Contents of a Tumulus on Ty Du Farm, Llanelieu. 1872. On the Crannog in Llangors Lake.

1873. On the Welsh Records in the time of the Black Prince. 1874. The Four Stones, Old Radnor.

1875. On some Radnorshire Bronze Implements.

On Prehistoric Remains in the Edwy Valley, Radnorshire.
Tomen Castle, Radnor Forest.

1876. On a Shield-Boss found at Aberedwy.

Bryngwyn, Radnorshire.

The Castles of Grosmont, Skenfrith, and Whitecastle. 1878. On the Early Charters to Towns in South Wales.

On an Earthen Vessel found on the Coast of Anglesey. Notes on Records relating to Lampeter and Cardiganshire. 1879. Llanddwyn, Anglesey.

On a Wooden Female Head found at Llanio.

The Boundary of Herefordshire temp. Henry III.

1880. The Grange of Cwmtoyddwr, Radnorshire.

1882-3. Herefordshire and its Welsh Border during the Saxon Period.

Inspeximus and Confirmation of the Charters of the Abbey of Wigmore.

Cartularium Prioratus S. Johannis Evang. de Brecon.

1883. The Early History of Hay and its Lordship.

1884. On the Descent of the Estates of Walter de Clifford. An Account of Bronze Implements found near Brecon. 1885. On the Ancient Tenures and Services of the Lands of the Bishop of St. David's.

On a Bronze Dagger found at Bwlch y Ddeu Faen, Breconshire.

On the Early History of the Land of Gwent.

1886. Caerphilly.

1887. The Marriage-Contract of King Edward II.

Edward II in South Wales.

1888. Notes to the Account of Cwmhir Abbey, Radnorshire 1890. Brecon Priory, its Suppression and Possessions.

Reviews and Notices of Books.

THE SURNAMES AND PLACE-NAMES OF THE ISLE OF MAN. By A. W. MOORE, M.A. With an Introduction by Professor RHYS. London: Elliot Stock, 1890. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d.

To naturalists the fauna and flora of small islands have a special interest, inasmuch as they may have a story to tell about archaic continental connections, or about lines of prehistoric migration. The student of ethnology regards insular peoples with similar interest, and in the main for similar reasons. The separating ocean is for him a preserver, to a large extent, of evidences by which he may test his theories or enlarge his generalisations. Continents are exposed to be overrun by many races, language giving place to language, and custom to custom, until the problem of differentiating the elements of the population becomes an almost hopeless puzzle. Outlying islands, on the other hand, are not so readily open to attack, and in very ancient times were probably much more secure from fear on that score. Speaking of the higher development of navigation among the Aryan peoples, Schrader (Prehist. Antiq. of the Aryan Peoples, Eng. Trans., p. 354) shows, from linguistic evidence, that it must have taken place in historic times, and among the European members of the Indo-European family, and he limits the early development of transmarine navigation to the Greek seaboards on the Mediterranean and the shores of the Baltic.

From such considerations as these the Isle of Man must be an interesting subject of study to the ethnologist. It lies at nearly an equal distance from England, Scotland, and Ireland, and thus may throw light on the early inhabitants of each. It has preserved, as a spoken language, its ancient tongue almost to our own days, and it still retains, in its personal and topographical nomenclature, a kind of record of the vicissitudes through which it has passed in historic times. Mr. Moore was, therefore, well advised when he undertook to put together, in the volume under review, all that he could glean about Manx personal and place-names. He has done his collecting work well, and has placed students of ethnology and others under an obligation to him for his painstaking industry. He has been careful to get the earliest forms of each name he discusses, so as to avoid errors arising from hasty comparisons of existing "worn" names; but he has ventured on slippery paths in trying, without further equipment, to give their etymologies. Prof. Rhys, in his judicious Preface, warns him to expect to have his views

revised. We make our criticisms on these in no carping spirit, but rather in the hope that he may soon have an opportunity to reconsider them in a second edition.

Mac Shimmin (p. 27) betrays, we think, a Norse rather than a Scriptural origin. Like Simmonds in English, it points to the Norse Sigmundr as its source. (See Flatey Jarbok passim.) It is not very usual among Celtic peoples to find a Scripture name preceded, in early times, immediately by a Mac. The Clucas on p. 24 is more probably for Mac Giolla Lucas than for Mac Lucas. Costain (p. 29) and its early forms, Mac Coisten, etc., are, doubtless, derived from the Norse Eysteinn, which has given the Highland clan Huisten and the name Mac Quiston, has become Justin in Ireland, and has nothing whatever to do with Augustin. (See Cleasby and Vig. fusson's Icelandic Dictionary, sub voce.) As to Mylechreest and Mylvorrey, we prefer to find in them Mael (=tonsured) rather than Mac Giolla. Milroy, Milvain, Milligen (= Maolagain), Milrea, and a number of similar names in Scotland, are cognate forms, and certainly involve Mael. McGuilley Chreest, McGuilleyorrey, are not to be identified with the preceding. Mac Vorrey is more probably from Murchadh, which gives Murray in Scotland, and Murrough or Murphy in Ireland.

Mr. Moore's reading of O'Donovan's Introduction to the Poems of O'Dubhagan and of Huidhrin has led him into making numerous false analogies. Crow (p. 36) has probably nothing to do with Fiachan, but is much more likely to be the Manx remnant of Mac Ruadh; cf. Highland McCroy. Fargher (p. 37) is, no doubt, the well-known Highland Fear Char which we find in Farquharson and McErrocher (Mc Fearchair). It has nothing to do with "Ferg" (violent), but involves Car=friend, and the intensitive prefix Fer (Welsh Gwr, Gaulish Ver): cf. Sanser. Su-Caru, Gaulish VeniCarus, Armorican Hen-Car, Welsh Caratacus, Cungar, Irish Findchar. Fergus also has nothing to do with Ferg. The "gus" occurs in Aongus, Aedgus, etc., and the Fer is the same as in the preceding name.

Kinley (p. 49) and McKinley are probably the same as the Highland McKinlay, and are formed from Findlay (Finn-laech). They have nothing to do with Mac Cinfaolaidh, which would give McNeilly. Mr. Moore cites (p. 57) a Finlo from the Statute Law Book of 1504, which is, doubtless, the same name. Alan (p. 50) is not a Norman but a Breton name. McCash (p. 59) looks sufficiently like the Highland McCosh to suggest a like origin. McCalbach (p. 60) has nothing to do with the Latin Calvus, but is most probably the same name as the Highland McKelvey-McSelbach (Coll. de Reb. Alb.). Cowell, Coole, and McCoil, McCowle, and McQuill (p. 61), are, like the Highland McCool, forms of McDugal. Regan

1 Mac An Iosaich gives both McIntash and McCosh.

2 McKimmy, name of Lord Lovat, Chief of the Frasers, was Ior McShimi (Coll. de Reb. Alb.); cf. McKittrick McSitric, etc.