301 247 122 1157 30 Alverton 31 Alvescott. 15 Alvestont 39 Alveston 35 Alveton 24 Alvingham 15 Alvington.. 19 Alwalton 11 Alwington 45 Alwoodley 17 Amberly 38 Amberly 16 Ambersham, North..ti Hants 16 Ambershain, South..ti Hants 29 Amble.. HAM. 1095 vegetables. This town was anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham | ALTRINGMassey, one of whom granted to it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth century. Church of Anglo Norman archi tecture. Market, Tuesday.-Mail arrives 4 A. M., departs 9 P. M.-Fairs, April 29, August 5, November 22, for cattle and drapery.-Inns, Bowling Green and Unicorn. * ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred of Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded here by Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the county formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of England, in the reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a circumstantial account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop Latimer put it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have been merely a timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop since the restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled down, when the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, which rises in the Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards DilapidaBeoley Park, and Warwickshire; and the Ikeuield Street, also passes time. it. This town formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen into decay, it however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal, which passes it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's Norton. tions of † ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman TwoRoman camps; the one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the camps. other called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity have been discovered. Site of the ‡ AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity of the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through the town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. It is scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic Roman beauties of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery Dictus. England, is to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory of woollen cloth. in Market, Wednesday.-Fairs, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for horned cattle October 29, ditto and sheep-Mail arrives 9 A. M., departs 7 A. M. Names of Places. County. Number of Miles from Dist. Popu 574 12 51 914 ...9 165 359 26 2612 77 544 57 Ambleston... Town Hall, built by Sir W. Drake, 1680. park. * AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a branch of the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between two wooded hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge to Wendover; it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from Chesham to High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. The market is held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir William Drake, about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars and arches, with a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in the county. Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but by the Reform Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively repaired in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the family of the Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a monument of Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638, and also several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the adjoining mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by Sheemaker, and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. About a mile northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat Shardeloes of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the possession of the Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress, and brought Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat of William Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in one of her progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, who was one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married Jane, the daughter and heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion is beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense sheet of water, covering thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful prospect, particularly towards the east, where the town of Amersham, and the surrounding eminences, covered with wood, present a very picturesque appearance. The gardens, formerly much admired for Picturesque their beauty, were originally formed by Sir William Drake, about 1666, but have been modernized by Richmond, for the late proprietor. Here is also a Free Grammar School, the scholars of which are entitled to three exhibitions in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, bequeathed by Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in 1620; and likewise four alms houses, with other minor charities. The manufactures are chiefly lace, sacking, and all kinds of white cotton, wrought by machinery; and the markets are well attended. Entertain- views. Prince Ambrosius. Market, Tuesday.-Fairs, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and September 19, for cattle, and statute.-Inns, Crown and Griffin.-Mail arrives 7 A. M., departs 9 P. M. + AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and is said to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the Founded by British Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed the British into a convent of Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still to be seen. In the parish, and about two miles from the town, is the celebrated British monument, known by the name of Stone-henge. Antiquaries differ in their opinions as to the probable application of this structure: the majority, however, deem it to have been a druidical temple, or a grand tribunal of justice. Out of twenty-four enormous stones, of which the outer circular range appears to have been formed, seventeen are still standing, and seven on the ground; of the inner circle, eleven out of the nineteen of which it was formed are still upright, Stonehenge. STONE 15 Ampney Crucis.. HENGE. and the remainder prostrate. The distance of the inner circle from the outer one is about eight feet, forming a walk between the two of about three hundred feet in circumference; the stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick, and there is an appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a trench, over which were three passages. There are numerous barrows and tumuli around it, where many skeletons and military weapons have been discovered. Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which such solid masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a situation without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a hill; even at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a nearer approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these Its awful apruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the pen pearance. adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by piece-meal-here a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the greatness of every part, and the singular construction of the whole, causes additional surprise. Some authors suppose that this noble temple does not owe its defacement so much to the introduction of Christianity, as to the rude and barbarous hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who have carried away the stones for their own purposes. At a house which occupies part of the ancient nun- Nunnery of St. Augus nery, a society of nuns of St. Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up tine. their abode, probably attracted by the supposed sanctity of the situation. Near the town stands the once celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury, built by Inigo Jones, and subsequently improved by the Earl of Burlington. The neighbourhood abounds with clay used for making tobacco pipes, and the river Avon supplies a very much admired species of fish called loach. In the vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists of a triangular area of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and Camp of 39 bounded on two sides by the Avon. This may have been occupied by the acres. Romans, but its construction and position indicate a British origin. Market, Friday.-Mail arrives 11 P. M., departs 4 A. M.-Fair, May 17, June 22, December 18, for horses, sheep, and horned cattle.-Inn, George. From this place the * ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a considerable town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very rude; it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes which issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their ope- Romans rations, are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not, however, obtained discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas Bayley, copper ore. afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev. Edward Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The substance of the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual way, by shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. 'Nature," Mr. Pennant observes, "hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on this spot, for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of a yard beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from one to four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six hundred to a thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of the metal yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with the earth are silver also. E Lead ore which yields ALMWICH. nerals. .5 Ludgershall..5 Salisbury.. 13 frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar; whether these are symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores, or of quick-silver, I will not pretend to decide. Something interferes with the successful smelting of this earth in the great, insomuch that it has not yet been of that profit to the adventurers, which might reasonably be expected from the crucible assays of it." From this mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the syrup of violets red, without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the Various mi- mineral substances found from time to time would prove a tedious employment, and perhaps an unimportant one. The following are the principal and most useful:-1. Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper, in small quantities; 3. Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution; 4. Sulphate of lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black ore, containing copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native The port, a sulphur. Not far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought from the mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between two rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons. The two companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden, besides sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper mines are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer copper ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur, ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper companies, this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make it difficult and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high northerly winds. Fair, November 12. chasm between the rocks. The church * AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is built by the said to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260. Knights Under the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir NiTemplars. cholas de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the hilt of his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St. George, charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue stone; that of the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the effigies of the knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon character. An ancient mansion, built by the family of the Hungerfords, in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its exterior, a few years ago. It belongs, with the manor, to the family of Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall. + AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county. Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump; and also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of Catherine of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then proprietor of Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that ill-treated Queen. This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now the seat of Lord Holland; it was constituted a royal domain by Henry VIII., who conferred a name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of Ampthill;" the old castle in which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a more elevated ground than the wrote part of present mansion, which is a magnificent structure, with wings, and a flight his Arcadia. of steps leading to a handsome hall; the park, which is now united with Under a pear-tree in Ampthill park Sir Philip Sydney 18 Amwell, Great †. .....pa Hertford.. 18 Amwell, Little...chap Hertford. Ancaster‡ 13 Ancroft 24 Anderby Dis. Popu County. Number of Miles from Ware..... .pa Pembroke... Narberth. .5 Tenby ......6 Llaugharne .10 251 684 .3 20 1321 3 .3 20 369 pa Lincoln.. .chap Durham. pa Lincoln.. Anderson, or Ander Dorset. ..to Chester.. 22 Anderton ..to Lancaster. Grantham...6 Sleaford 8 Newark....14 that of Houghton, is spacious, and presents several most delightful pros- AMPTHILL. pects. At the entrance of Ampthill Park there is a pear tree, under which it is reported that Sir Philip Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia. Mail arrives 6 A.M., departs 8 P.M.-Fairs, May 4, and November 30, for cattle.-Inn, White Hart. * AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from a female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously assimilating additions have been made so as to give it every appendage of convenience and luxury, The antique porch is nicely preserved. The conservatory and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was once a vaulted roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this vault remains unaltered. From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting view of Tenby. The View of Tenby. church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is situated on a lime-stone rock, which has been reduced on every side, and is remarkable for a curiously disposed tower. sources of + GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Em- Emma's ma's Well, a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one Well, one of of the sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr. the New Milne, to the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by River the said river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of Kemberton, near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in great Indigence of Sir Hugh indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that dur- Middleton. ing such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets. The poet Warner, author of “Albion's England," lies interred here. The church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has been justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott of Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem. ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station; many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causennæ. It occupies a low situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been found here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable emolument to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time many became extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various Emperors. Several Mosaic pavemosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is highly probable ments. from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causennæ of Antoninus. About the town are several quarries of stone, which is found very near the surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the head of the Bertie family, but that Dukedom is now extinct. § ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been |