e Holy Land had been received in the mel of Conounced by the f his brother, who gave him te f st of mankind.", August, having passed if golong iends he relinquish immid deh h W m Nitle peopled the city with a colony of Englishmen from the so and built a castle for their protection. Whether this se ment was considered to be an act of invasion, by Malcolm, is uncertain; but a new quarrel was created between the nations, and on the 13th of November, 1093, Malcolm received his death by the sword of Morel, Mowbray's steward. His queen, Margaret, survived him only four days; on which occasion the Etheling Edgar was seated on the throne, and restored the children of his sister Margaret to their former honours. Ever since Harold had effected the reduction of Wales, the natives acknowledged themselves the vassals of England: but their ancient hostility was not extinguished; and in the year 1094, the natives of every district in Wales were in arms. Their mountainous country bade defiance to the heavy cavalry of the Normans, and the best William could effect was to adopt his father's policy, and draw a chain of castles round the country, to stop their further incursions. In the following summer messengers arrived to William, at a time when he was hunting in the New Forest, with intelligence that his former enemy Helie had defeated the Normans, and was laying siege to Mans: upon which he got there so speedily that Helie had scarcely time to save himself by flight. The king ravaged the lands of his enemies, and then returned to England, where he found Robert de Mowbray at the head of a rebellious party. This nobleman was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon barons: he inherited from his uncle, the bishop of Constance, two hundred and eighty manors; and was moreover allied, by blood, or affinity, to all the first families in England. He was joined in his rebellion by many northern earls, but was at length pelled to surrender, and lived thirty years a prisoner in the castle of Windsor. com When William Rufus first came to the throne, he was restrained within certain bounds by the influence of bishop Lanfranc, but after that prelate's death, in 1089, he gave scope to his rapacious and extravagant propensities. The royal treasury was very rich at the death of his father, but no accumulation of wealth could equal the waste of William's prodigality; and this passion grew stronger under a remorseless minister, Ralph, (afterwards surnamed Flambard, or the devouring torch,) a dissolute and ambitious clergyman, whom William raised from obscurity to be his chaplain, his treasurer, and justiciary; and who, finding that the favour of his master could only be secured by flattering his vices, persuaded the king to retain the vacant bishoprics and abbeys for the service of the crown-or when they were filled up, a compensation, equal to the supposed value, was paid into the exchequer for the king's use. Capital punishments were commuted for pecuniary mulets; and another survey of the kingdom was ordered, to raise the land-tax of such estates as had been under-rated in the record of doomsday. By these arts Flambard drew upon himself the eulogium pronounced by the king, that "he was the only man who, to please a master, was willing to brave the vengeance of the rest of mankind.”, During the time of Lent, in the fourth year after the decease of Lanfranc, the king was seized with sickness, and the approach of death aroused his fears. He sent for Anselm, who happened at that time to come from Normandy to visit Hugh, earl of Chester. By the prelate's advice the king restored some of the property of the church, and engaged to amend his conduct; he forgave, by proclamation, all offences committed against the crown, and promised to his people a more just administration; and although he had hitherto declared his resolution never to part with the temporalities of Canterbury till his death, he appointed Anselm to that see. But the king recovered, and feeling ashamed of his weakness, he revoked the pardons he had granted, and relapsed into all his former extravagances; the court became again a scene of debauchery, and he persecuted the pious Anselm with a bitterness that was never exceeded. After suffering every kind of insult, the bishop requested and obtained permission to quit England. Shortly after that event, predictions were circulated among the people respecting some dire catastrophe; the monarch himself felt alarmed, and on the 1st of August, having passed a restless night, at the request of his friends he relinquished his 76 peopled ment w uncerta tions, his de queen, occasi restore konou: Eve native but th year 1 Their of th adop the c In a tin gen mar thei self and Mo wa 1 some Tower a bridge over a Festanster. It was the SAY ↑ TERE Marteen tructures, and to endow BET & WICH Neo the wealthiest of the ☛ 194, wher Cement aspired to the papacy, Chan II. de legitimate successor of Gre tion of wealth could equal the waste of William's ty; and this passion grew stronger under a remorseister, Ralph, (afterwards surnamed Flambard, or the ig torch,) a dissolute and ambitious clergyman, whom raised from obscurity to be his chaplain, his treand justiciary; and who, finding that the favour of his could only be secured by flattering his vices, perthe king to retain the vacant bishoprics and abbeys service of the crown-or when they were filled up, a sation, equal to the supposed value, was paid into the ier for the king's use. Capital punishments were comfor pecuniary mulcts; and another survey of the kingas ordered, to raise the land-tax of such estates as had nder-rated in the record of doomsday. By these arts ard drew upon himself the eulogium pronounced by the hat "he was the only man who, to please a master, illing to brave the vengeance of the rest of mankind.". ing the time of Lent, in the fourth year after the deof Lanfranc, the king was seized with sickness, and the ach of death aroused his fears. He sent for Anselm, who ened at that time to come from Normandy to visit Hugh, of Chester. By the prelate's advice the king restored some e property of the church, and engaged to amend his con; he forgave, by proclamation, all offences committed ast the crown, and promised to his people a more just adstration; and although he had hitherto declared his reson never to part with the temporalities of Canterbury till death, he appointed |