290; other references to, 196, 223, Anjou (continued).
Glisolles, see Glisolles), 250, 254 and
n.; bridge of, 254 n.
Angevin empire, the, continental parts
of, regarded as forming one whole,
23, 33-5; survival of customs in, 24;
diversities in, 25-33; administrative
importance of the castle similar
throughout, 35 seqq; common elements
in administration of, 39 seqq; project
of succession by parage to (1191), 132
and n.; extent of common feeling in,
22 and n., 440 and n.
Angevins, come to relief of Verneuil
(1194), 153; allied with Bretons, 231 n.
See Anjou
Anglesqueville-sur-Saanes (arr. Dieppe),
225 and n.
Anglo-Normans preferred by John in
Normandy, 365
Anglo-Saxon amercements, 311
Angoulême (Engolismae, Charente), 43;
mayor and commune of, 44; county
of, 43, 209, 211; policy of counts of,
ibid. ; war in, during Richard's
captivity, 40, 148, 211; John and,
131; John becomes heir to, 44, 211,
230; John at, 215; his administration
of, 44, 46, 230 n. ; loyalty of, in reign
of Henry iii, 211; house of, 10 n., 208,
211; see Adelmodis, Ademar, Isabella,
Matilda, Vulgrin; seneschal of, see
Bartholomew of Puy
Anjou, early history of, 15 seqq, 25-7,
36-9; customs of, 25 n., 268; clergy
of, 192; relations between France
and, 17, 18, 21; seneschalship of
France claimed by counts of, 18, 22;
lawsuits between kings of France and
counts of, 358 n.; union of Touraine
and, 13, 14, 19, 20; conflict between
counts of Rennes and Nantes and,
18; northern Poitou added to, 19;
Vendôme added to, 20, 21; conflict
between Normandy and, 18; union of
Maine and Normandy with, 10, 13,
18, 19, 21; influence of, upon the rest
of the empire, 23, 38-9, 46, 47 n., 68-9,
70 n.; compared with Poitou and
Gascony, 25; Henry ii and, 33-5;
fortresses of, 14; development of
fortresses of, as centre of count's
power 35-6; composed of châtellenies,
38-9; Henry ii and the castles of, 276;
officials of, 38 n.; jurisdiction of
counts in, 37, 94; seneschal of, 38,
399 n.; exchequer of, 42, 149, 296 n.;
administration of, in 1200, 206
Arthur of Brittany accepted as
lord of (1199), 195 and n., 196 n.;
adjudged to John by French court
(1200) 200, 204, 428; Philip's bailiffs
in (1201), 214 n.; Arthur does
homage to Philip for (1202), 223, 478;
war in, 266 seqq; Philip and, 235;
collapse of John's administration in,
236; Henry iii surrenders all claim to,
397; other references to, 41, 125, 230,
231, 235 n., 237, 257, 283 and n.,
385 n.,
386
viscount of, 16; see Fulk the Red
counts of, 16, 61, 268; see Fulk the
Red, Fulk Nerra, Fulk Réchin,
Geoffrey Greygown, Geoffrey Martel,
Geoffrey the Bearded, Geoffrey the
Fair
seneschals of, 38; see William des
Roches, Aimeri of Thouars, Brice
the chamberlain
Annebecq (Asnebec, arr. Vire), 508
Anselm, the chaplain of king Richard,
459, 465, 467
Anselm Parcarius, 279 n.
Anti-Christ, rumours concerning (1197),
Appleby (Westmoreland), 301, 302
aquagium, of Rouen, 106 n.
Aquila, 292 n.; see l'Aigle
Aquineum, see Acquigny
Normandy, 50 and notes; and vis-
counties, 63
Archers, 335 and n. ; crossbowmen some-
times so called, ibid.
Arcy (Thomas)
Arden (Ralph)
Ardevon (arr. Avranches), court of earl
of Chester at, 118
Ardres (arr. Saint-Omer), 135
Arflet of Northumberland, 440
Argences (Argentiae, arr. Caen), 108,
Aquitaine, extent of, 14 and n.; com-
posite character of, 27; early history
and description of, 27-30; France and,
17; Toulouse and, 130; comparison
between rest of the empire and, 33-5;
influence of Norman and Angevin
practices in, 39; how far administered Argences (Ralph, Richard, William)
as a whole, 40; the word Aquitaine Argentan (Herbert)
not used in the royal style in the
twelfth century, 40 n.; officials of,
227; financial needs of government of,
438; Henry ii and the castles of, 276;
Philip's intrigues in (1192-4), 148;
Richard in (1199), 185, 186-8; after
Richard's death, 195 n.; politics of,
211; John in, 208 seqq; John's
government in, 214; Arthur does
homage to Philip for, 223; defeat of
mercenaries in (1204), 341; merchants
of, 354 n.; Jews of, 355 n. See also
Poitou, Gascony, Saintonge, Auvergne,
Angoulême
dukes of, their court at Poitiers,
27; their chancery, 27 n. ; see William,
Eleanor, Otto, Richard
Argentan (Argenthomum, Orne), motte
in, 299 n.; castle of, 110; keep built,
275; favourite rendezvous for the
Norman army, 232 and n., 310 n.,
312; bailiwick of, 77, 110, 260 and n.;
viscounty and prepositura of, 63, 64,
77, 110; revenues of, allotted to John,
151 n.; John at, 233 n., 234 and n.,
235 n.; Philip at (1204), 378; Philip
grants castle of, 403; other references
to, 78, 216, 223, 233 n., 237, 264, 275,
276 n., 292, 372, 477. See Robert of
Bellême, Richard of Cardiff, Roger
of Gouy
Argentiae, see Argences
Arles, the kingdom of, Richard and,
seneschal of, 37-40; see Ralph of Armagnac, house of, 10 n.; counts of,
la Haie; Poitou, seneschals of
other references to, 10, 14, 120,
Armies, size of, 331-2
Armour, inventories of, 402
Arms, Assize of, see Assize
Aragon, king of, 358,; see Peter; mer- Army, the Norman, 310 seqq
cenaries of, 338 and n.
Arbalisters, 333-5; wages of, 333; social
status of, ibid.; organisation of, 334.
See crossbowmen
Archae, see Arques
Archdeaconries, and other divisions in
Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux, 86 n.
Arnulf, archbishop of Reims, trial of
(991), 420 n.
Arques (Archae, arr. Dieppe), castle of,
103; plans of castle of, 280 n. ; keep of
castle built, 275; forest and bernage
of, 104; viscounty of, 104; surrendered
to Philip Augustus as surety (1193),
149, 161, 281 n., 295, 346 n. ; entrusted
to John, 147; designed by Philip as
part of his sister's dowry, 159; be-
sieged by Richard, 159; besieged by
Philip (1202), 222, 244, 506; the siege
raised, 224-5, 228; holds out against
Philip (1203), 370, 377, 378; alliance
of Rouen with, 384; surrenders to
Philip (1204), 387, 506; other refer-
ences to, 219, 224 n., 225, 237, 262,
269, 274, 275, 276 n., 280, 281, 282,
292, 295, 388, 511.
officials of; see William Martel,
John of Rouvrai, Geoffrey of Sai,
Robert of Stuteville, Richard the
chaplain. See also Caux
Arras (Atrebatum, Pas-de-Calais), 135;
besieged by Baldwin of Flanders
(1197), 179
arrière-ban, the, 56 n., 310-312 and notes
Arson, 96 and n.
John, 224 and n., 225, 226, 228, 360,
455; imprisoned at Falaise, 231-2,
455-6; negotiations for release of, 231;
John's warning concerning, 231 and
n.; removed to Rouen, 232, 457, 467;
legal position of, 232 n.; uncertainty
about fate of, 456-7; policy of Philip
Augustus concerning (1203), 235;
Philip convinced of his death (1204),
383, 459; murder of, 468, 470, 476
and n.; evidence upon death of, 453
seqq; the traditional story, 454; the
Breton story, 455; the statement of
Louis's proctor (1216), 462; Margam
story, 463-476 passim; the papal view
concerning, 460, 474-5; not a popular
hero, 460; deals with the dispute
between Dol and Tours, 186 n.;
references to death of, 105, 247, 392,
395 n.; other references to, 22, 23,
112, 121, 193 and n., 195, 199 n., 206,
207, 218 n., 247, 380. See also Con-
stance, Eleanor of Brittany
Artificers, 332; see Engineers
Arthur, King, discovery of bones of, Artois, dowry of Isabella of Hainault,
at Glastonbury, 464; as hero of
'Angevin" nationalism, 440
Arthur, count or duke of Brittany, son
of Geoffrey and Constance, accepted
at one time as Richard's heir, 132 and
n., 464; Richard and (1198), 181 n. ;
suggested as Richard's successor, 194;
recognised in Anjou and Maine (1199),
195, 196; taken to Paris by Philip,
196 n.; Philip's demands on behalf
of, 198; John makes terms with (Sep.
1199), 199; position of, defined by the
treaty of le Goulet, 200 and n.; does
homage to John, 204; in Philip's care,
ibid.; relations of John and Philip
with (1202), 223, 455, 477-9; knighted
by Philip, 198 n., 223; William des
Roches and, 205; besieges Mirebeau,
36, 223-4; defeated and captured by
gradually added to France, 134-5
Arundel, earldom of, Norman lands of,
confiscated by Philip Augustus, 403;
earl of, 249 n. ; see William of
Aubigni
assisia castellaniae, 271 n.
Assize, in sense of session, 79 n., 86 n. ;
possessory, 86, 87 n.; see recognition
Assize of Arms, 34, 311 n., 331; observed
in Poitou, 34 n., 297; copied in France,
327; references to, in reign of John,
310 n.
Astarac, counts of, 31
Athée, Athies (Girard)
Aube Merle, 323 n.; see Aumâle
Aubri, 260 n.
Auch (Gers), archbishopric of, 30; see
Gascony
Aufai (Alphai, Auffay, arr. Dieppe),
commune of, 238 n., 313 n.; barony
of, 486
Aufai (John, Richard)
Auge, 487; bailiwick of, 108; viscounty
of, 108, 117, 488; see also Oximin,
new bailiwick of; Pont-Audemer,
Bertram, William de Mara
Augum, see Eu
Aumâle (Alba Malla, Alba Marla, arr.
Neufchâtel), occupied by Philip
(1193), 146; honour of, occupied by
Hugh of Gournai as Philip's vassal
(1194), 161; restored to Richard, 165;
defeat of Richard at, and capture of,
by Philip (June 1196), 165-6; prisoners
captured by Philip at, 166 n. ; position
of, defined in treaty of le Goulet (1200),
203 n.; refugees in Rouen from (1204),
384, 386; castle of, granted to Renaud,
count of Boulogne (1202-4), 166 n.,
220 n., 402 n., 486; other references
to, 220 n., 221, 274, 323 n., 332 n., 370
count of, 61; see Baldwin of
Béthune, Renaud
Aunis, "great fief" of, 42
Aunon-le-Faucon (arr. Argentan), honour
of, in Normandy, 486-7; Somerset
family of, 487
Austria, duke of, 159; see Leopold
Auteuil (Guy)
Auvergne, 14; early counts of, 14 n.;
appeals from barons of, to French
kings, 26; old centre of Aquitaine,
28; viscounts of, under dukes of
Aquitaine, assume title of count, ibid.;
bishop of Clermont and counts of,
29; King Richard surrenders rights
over, 131
auxilium exercitus, 321-4; right to, in a
case of parage, 515
auxilium vicecomitis, 61, 63 n., 64 and
n., 81 n.; in Mortain, 71 n., 113; see
graveria
Avranches (Abrincae, Manche), arch-
deaconries of diocese of, 50 and n.;
diocese of, 273; Henry iii demands
diocese of (1229), 396 n.; castle and
city of, 114-5; unfarmed demesne at,
299 n.; entrusted to Randle of Chester
(1203), 379 and n.; captured by the
Bretons (1204), 379, 381; count of,
51 and n.; other references to, 365,
372
Avranchin, the, 380, 512; tenants of,
62; inquest into ducal rights in, 68
and n.; barons of, at judicial assize,
79 n.; viscounties in the pagus of,
50; hereditary viscounty of, 74 n.,
115, 117, 379, 491; its pleas, 118;
called a prepositura, 74 n., 115; baili-
wick of, 114-5; keeper of the pleas
in, 88 n.; under the French kings,
400 n.; bailiff of, 254 n.; see Geoffrey
Duredent
hereditary viscount of, 63; see
Chester, Randle
Avre, river, 146, 202, 265-275 passim,
292, 293 n.; part of Norman frontier,
257, 273, 274; earthworks constructed
by Henry ii along, 274 and n.; de-
fended by fortresses, 292
Avrilli (Avrilliacum, arr. Evreux, c.
Damville), prepositura of, 306
Aymeri of Narbonne, legend of, 58 n.
Azai-le-Rideau (arr. Chinon), 148
B
bachelerii, 329; see Bachelors
auxilium, use of term in Normandy, Bachelors, the class of, 329, 330; en-
dowment of, with lands, 330 and n.
Bacquepuits (Bakepuid, arr. Evreux),
Bailiffs, the Norman, and pleas of the
sword, 87 n.; the itinerant judges
and, 88; inquiries into exactions of,
88 and n. See Normandy
Bailiwicks, the Norman, 68 and n. ; and
the archdeaconries, 50; English shires
compared with, 51 and n.; list of,
103-116; Henry ii's organisation of,
71 seqq; administration of justice in,
80, 116; rearrangement of, after 1204,
400 seqq; French administration of,
ibid.
Bailloul (Richard)
Baiocassinus, see Bessin
Bakepuid, see Bacquepuits
Baldoin of Jerusalem, 290 n.
Baldwin v, duke of Hainault, and viii,
count of Flanders (died 1194), marries
sister of Philip of Alsace, count of
Flanders (q.v.), 133; Philip Augustus
marries daughter of, 133-4; count of
Flanders, jure uxoris (1191), 135 and
n.; Philip Augustus makes an alliance
with, 134-6; a prince of the empire,
135; importance of, in 1191-3, 136;
relations of Richard with, 136, 141;
isolated, 136. See Baldwin ix,
Isabella, Margaret
Baldwin ix, count of Flanders, and vi,
duke of Hainault, afterwards em-
peror of Constantinople, son of Bald-
win of Hainault (q.v.), 135 n., 158,
174 n., 214 and n., 428; a vassal and
ally of Richard, 141, 167; makes
peace with Henry of Brabant (1195),
141; supports Philip Augustus (1196),
177; won over by Richard, 177-8;
treaties of Richard and John with
(1197), 178-9 and notes; supports Otto
of Brunswick, 178; besieges Arras,
179; temporary submission to Philip
of (April, 1198), 181 n.; alliance of
John with (1199), 206 n. ; position of,
defined in the treaty of le Goulet
(1200), 201; becomes emperor of
Constantinople, 390; uncle of, 214 n.;
chancellor of, 214 n.
Baldwin of Béthune, count of Aumâle,
486; character of, and devotion to
Richard of, 164; sent to Austria,
164-5; becomes count of Aumâle, 165;
accompanies John to England (1203),
249 n.; in Normandy (1204), 382 n.;
advises John on an important matter,
434-5; wife of, 165
Baldwin, constable of Boulogne, 259
Baldwin, chamberlain of Flanders,
Baldwin Rastell, husband of Juliana of
Tillières, 516
Baldwin Wake, heir of Négreville,
stays in England, 507
Baldwin, see also Baldoin
balistae, 308, 333 and n.
balistarii, 292 n., 332-5; different senses
of the word, 333; in Radepont, 376;
grants in Normandy to Philip's, 404 n.
See arbalisters, engineers
ballia, baillia, 63; appearance of term,
66, 67; and viscounty, 74
Ballon (arr. le Mans), 199 n.; destroyed
by Philip, 199
Bapaume (Bapalmae, Pas-de-Calais, arr.
Arras), 135
Baqueville (Bakevilla, arr. Dieppe), fief
of, 487 and n. See Martel
Bardolf (Hugh, Thomas)
Barfleur (Barbefluvius, arr. Cherbourg),
246 n., 264 and n., 372, 381; farm of,
114; prepositura of, 264 n.; passage
to, 336 n.; Richard lands at (1194),
148, 149; John leaves Normandy from
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