In 1172 Hugh of Mortemer, his father, owed the service of 5 knights and had 13 (R.B., ii, 631). The family of Mortemer also held Saint-Riquier (arr. Neufchatel) and certain fiefs of the honour of Mortemer (H. de F. 640m, 641a). After 1204 the fiefs of Roger of Mortemer came into the hands of the king (Ibid, p. 707g). For some interesting details on the services owing to Roger before 1204 see Ibid, 714a,b,c.

It is not necessary to dwell upon the important part played by Roger's descendants in English history. For his defence of Dieppe, see above, p. 388.

See Mortemer.

TANCARVILLE.

The chamberlain of Tancarville (SeineInferieure) owed the service of 10 knights and held 94 knights' fees (R.B., ii, 629; H. de F., 644-5). William of Tancarville joined Philip Augustus (C.N., nos. 124, 125). His land at Hailes, in Gloucestershire, was confiscated (R.N. 142). It is described as an escheat in the Testa, 81; cf. Rot. Claus., i, 12.

For Tancarville lands elsewhere see Testa, 161b; Rot. Claus., i, 9, 9b.

TILLIERES. The succession to this honour brings out several interesting points. In 1172 Tillières-sur-Avre (Eure) was held by Gilbert of Tillières for the service of 3 knights (R.B., ii, 631. A. reads 4 knights). He died during the third Crusade and his heir was still under age in 1198 (Rot. Scacc., ii, 311). This heir, Gilbert the younger, died between 1220 and 1227 since he was succeeded by his sister Juliana, who was dead in the latter year (Stapleton II, xlvi note).1 By this time, if not before, the rights of a second sister, Joanna, the wife of Thomas Malesmains, had been recognised also, although she and her husband lived in England (see below). The co-heirs in 1228 were Hilaria, the daughter of Juliana, and Nicholas Malesmains, the son of Joanna (Stapleton II, xlviii). Hilaria's husband, James of Bavelingham, did homage to the king of France for the whole honour, and, tanquam antenatus, secured by judg

1. It is possible that the fief of Tillières had been divided after 1172, perhaps in the minority of Gilbert, since the 'Dominus de Tileriis' held only two fiefs in 1220 (H. de F., 618b).

ment of the exchequer in 1234 the right to the whole auxilium exercitus, from the lands of Nicholas as well as from his own.1 (Jugements, no. 546; Querimoniae, no. 247) A few years later Nicholas died, leaving his Norman lands to his daughter Joanna, and his English lands to his daughter Roes, but in 1247 Joanna's husband had still failed to get possession of them from the royal bailiffs (Querimoniae, no. 54; above, p. 446 note).

The English lands of the honour of Tillières lay at Hadleigh and Westcote in Surrey and at Compton in Berkshire; also, in right of his wife Eleanor of Vitré, afterwards Countess of Salisbury, Gilbert the elder had lands in several counties. On the story of these lands see Stapleton (II, xlv seqq.). Hadleigh had come to Joanna and her husband, Thomas Malesmains, and fell into the king's hands for a short time in 1204; but Thomas recovered it in 1206 after his return from pilgrimage (R.N., 133; Rot. Claus., i, 90). Most of the English lands were divided in 1233, after the death of Eleanor, between the co-heirs, Hilaria and Nicholas (Excerpta e rotulis finium, i, 246; Close Rolls, Henry III (1231—1234), pp. 244, 261, 283), but Hilaria's husband, when the time of choice came, decided to stay in France. He was alive in 1247 (Querimonae, no. 247). His English lands went in part to the crown. Hadleigh, though not of his share, was for a time annexed, but was afterwards recovered by the heirs of Nicholas Malesmains (Stapleton II, xlix; V.C.H., Surrey, iii, 291).

The history of the Countess of Salisbury is connected with that of the house of Tillières. Her fourth and last husband was Gilbert Malesmains, who had some of her lands as dowry. The chief of these was Wootton in Oxfordshire. In 1204 these were confiscated as the lands of Gilbert Malesmains (R.N., 129) but they were afterwards allowed to Eleanor, who continued until her death in 1233 to enjoy her dower in England and Normandy (Stapleton II, xlvii—viii).

1. Nicholas held of him in parage, and his lands lay at Les Barils, Bourth and other vills in the neighbourhood of Tillières (c. Verneuil).

TOURNEBU. In 1172 Thomas of Tournebu (Eure, arr. Louviers) owed the service of 3 knights for his 17. His successor appears to have been Amauri, whose fief at SaintSulpice, near Bayeux, was farmed by the duke in 1198 (Rot. Scacc., ii, 376). In 1204 Robert of Harcourt and his son Richard had possession of the Tournebu lands in England and Normandy (H. de F., 695c; R. N., 140; Stapleton II, ccv-ccvi). In 1220 the lord of Tournebu was John, who said that he held 16 fees by the service of 2 (H. de F., 619a; cf. 684f, 772h). The English manor at Charborough in Dorset was granted to Richard of Tournebu in 1215 (Rot. Claus., i, 186b). In 1212 Richard was in Normandy (Testa, 163b); and a baron of this name had half a fee of the honour of Evreux (H. de F., 636a).

On the family see also Tardif, Coutumiers, I, i, 104-5.

TOSNY. Roger of Tosny (Eure, arr. Louviers) held lands on either side of the Seine near Andeli, and also in the honour of Bellencombre (Rot. Scacc., ii, 431). Tosny was given to Cadoc (C.N., nos. 118, 119, 363; Actes, no. 1790); the lands on the right bank of the river, at Heuqueville and elsewhere went in 1218 to Walter the young, the chamberlain (Ibid, no. 271).

For the hostility of Philip Augustus towards Roger, and for other references, see above, pp. 199 note, 431.

Roger is mentioned in the English records as in possession of some English lands, but the head of the English family was Ralph, whose ancestors had held their Worcestershire honour since the 11th century (Testa, 40, 41, etc.).

TRACY. Three distinct fiefs are mentioned in the list of 1172, those, namely, of Oliver, William and Turgil of Tracy.

Turgil of Tracy (Tracy-sur-Mer, arr. Bayeux) owed in 1172 the service of 2 knights, and had the service of 8 (R.B., ii, 628). He was succeeded by a William of Tracy who died before 1200. In that year William of Pirou fined with John for his lands (R.N., 38; H. de F., 694j; Stapleton II, cxxxviii). From the marginal reference in the Norman rolls and from the later lists of knights and knights' fees (see H. de F., 619е, 707f, 736h) it appears that the fief of Turgil had been held partly of the castle of Vire, and lay

1. So the Index, H. de F. There is a Tracy between Vire and Caen.

in part in the Cotentin (cf. Stapleton I, clxxx; Rot. Scacc., ii, 536). William of Pirou and his descendants continued to hold the fief.

Oliver of Tracy in 1172 owed the service of 1 knight to I the count of Mortain (R.B., ii, 635). He is said to have died in 1178 and to have been succeeded by his son Oliver (V.C.H., Devon, i, 557; but see Stapleton II, ccxl, to the contrary). In England he held a moiety of the honour of Barnstaple, which was also claimed by William of Briouze (Stapleton II, clxxxvi, ccxl). After his or his son Oliver's death in 1210, Henry of Tracy got his English lands (Rot. Pat., 101; cf. Testa, 175), and, in 1213, he was granted the entire Barnstaple honour, Tavistock, etc. (Rot. Claus., i, 137). The Norman fief is not mentioned in the lists subsequent to 1204.

William of Tracy in 1172 owed the services of a knight in the bailiwick of le Passeis (R.B., ii, 639). He appears to have died about the same time as his namesake mentioned above (Rot. de Finibus, 15). He was succeeded by his son Henry who united the English lands of the Tracy family (cf. for Henry, son of William, R.B., i, 121, 160; Rot. Chart., 79b; Stapleton II, ccxl note).

According to the V.C.H., Devon, i, 557, Henry Tracy was the son of Oliver Tracy. If so, there were two Henries in Devonshire.

TROISGOTS. The fief of Troisgots (Manche, arr. Saint-Lô) was held in 1172 by William of Tresgoz (R.B., ii, 633). In 1220 it was an escheat in the king's hands (H. de F., 612d), although by a grant of 1218 Milo of Lévis had the usufruct of the land which William's successor Robert had held at Troisgots and the neighbouring Fevarches and SaintRomphaire (C.N., no. 265). In 1231 St. Louis gave these lands to Andrew of Vitré (C.N., no. 1147). This Robert of Troisgots or Tresgoz was an important bailiff and official in the reigns of Richard and John (Stapleton I, clxxiv). In England he was lord of Ewyas Harold in Herefordshire (Testa, 66b, 275; R.B., i, 129; ii, 496). For his descendants see G.E.C., vii, 424.

VASSY. Vassy (Vaaceium) is in Calvados (arr. Vire) between Condé and Vire. In 1172 Juliana of Vassy held the honour by the service of 4 knights (R.B., ii, 629). In 1220 Philip