extent of 4/, fiefs (Ibid, 620b,c).1 All these, with the exception of Renaud's lands, were in the king's hands in 1220 (Ibid, 620b, 636e,f). Renaud apparently handed on his fief to the barons of Nonant who are found in Normandy during the thirteenth century (e.g., Ibid, 756j).

Henry of Nonant's ancestors were lords of Totnes in Devonshire. Henry stayed in England. The English honour was divided between him and Reginald of Briouze. Henry was apparently dead in 1207 (Rot. Claus., i, 80). See also V.C.H., Devon, i, 559. In 1212 Henry FitzCount had Totnes (Testa, 195).

OLLONDE. Ollonde (Manche, arr. Coutances) was the seat of the honour of the Norman family of Mandeville (Magnavilla). For their ancestry see Stapleton II, clxxxviii-cxc; and the Montebourg charters in Round, Calendar, pp. 313 seqq.

In 1172 Roger of Mandeville owed the service of 21 knights and had the service of 3 (R.B., ii, 635). His son William died between 1195 and 1198 (Rot. Scacc., i, 144; ii, 476, 479). William's daughter and heiress, Joan, was given in marriage with her lands to Matthew FitzHerbert (R.N., 51, 96; cf. Round, Calendar, p. 316). After the separation Matthew Fitz Herbert and his successors became lords of the English lands, of which the caput was Earlstoke in Wiltshire (cf. Testa, 150, and R.B., ii, 483). Ollonde was given by Philip Augustus to Richard of Argences (C.N., no. 121) and was held in 1220 by William of Argences (H. de F., 608d, 609a,j, 611f).

ORBEC. In 1172 the honour of Orbec (Calvados, arr. Lisieux) was held by Robert of Montfort (see Montfort), but it was originally in the possession of the family of Clare, and came back to the family in the reign of Henry II. It was

1. If Henry's six fees near Nonant (detailed, p. 636f, g) are added to the 42/, fees which are detailed as having gone to Guérin of Glapion, and to the extra fee (4 instead of 3) which had gone between 1172 and 1204 to Renaud of Nonant (cf. 636e) we have 112/,, approximately the 11 which belonged to Guy in 1172. This calculation assumes that Renaud was Roger's successor, and that Roger had only held 31⁄2 fees. See the last note.

the seat of William the Marshal's honour in Normandy, and was retained by him in 1204-5 (C.N., no. 74; H. de F., 708e; above, p. 383).

PAVILLY. In 1172 Roger of Pavilly (Seine Inferieure, arr Rouen) owed the service of 2 knights (R.B., ii, 632). He also owed service at Lions (p. 636). His successor, in 1204, was Thomas of Pavilly, who after joining in the capitulation of Rouen (Teulet, Layettes, i, 250) remained in Normandy (C.N., no. 124). On his fief see H. de F., 615h, 707g. The Wiltshire family of this name was by this time distinct. It was connected, however, with the Malets of Graville (Stapleton II, cxliii note; Rot. Fin., 49).

PREAUX. In 1204 John of Préaux was lord of Préaux (SeineInferieure, arr. Rouen). He was the eldest of a large family of brothers, the sons of Osbert of Préaux, and he often appears in official records before and after 1204 (cf. C.N., nos. 124, 167, 204, 230; H. de F., 684f, 707h; Stapleton II, Index, s.v.). In 1220, the fief was held by Peter, presumably the son of John; also three knights' fees. The description of his fief shows that, apart from his demesne, 7 knights' fees were held of him (H. de F., p. 614j).

John's English lands were confiscated (R.N., 135, 138, 140, 142; cf. Rot. Claus., i, 6.) In 1218 he received favours from Henry III, but perhaps only as Philip Augustus's envoy (Rot. Claus., i, 227b, 272, 285b; cf. Rot. Pat., 140b).

Peter of Préaux, the best known of the brothers, as a friend of King John, was one of the most important persons in Normandy in 1204 after the seneschal. See above, pp. 384-6. He died between 1207 and 1212, and apparently joined John in England in the former year if not earlier (Rot. Pat., 68, 69b; Rot. Claus., i, 51b, 79b, 89b, 96; Stapleton II, ccxxxi).

For William of Préaux, see Graville.

ROUMARE. In 1172 William of Roumare owed the service of 14 knights for his various fiefs in the Roumois. This service was given at the castle of Neufmarché; "et si Dux mandaverit eum alibi, ibit cum iii milibibus vel cum iiii " (R.B., ii, 628). This definition of William's service was due to the fact that the Conqueror had granted a moiety of the custody of Neufmarché to his ancestor, Gerold the

Dapifer (Stapleton II, clii). William died before 1198 (Ibid, p. clix). His heir is mentioned on the exchequer roll for 1203 (Rot. Scacc., ii, 551), and the Feoda Normanniae, after the conquest, repeats the statement of service without comment (H. de F., 707h). It would appear, therefore, that no change resulted from the loss of Normandy. The family, however, does not seem to have survived.

The English lands of William of Roumare remained in the custody of the crown. In 1205 his inheritance in Dorset and Somerset, which had come through his grandmother, Hawisia de Redvers, was assigned to Gilbert of Clare (Stapleton II, clix); while in 1207 Earl Randle of Chester established a claim to the earldom of Lincoln, which had been held jointly by the families of Roumare and Ghent (Gand). On this and the ancestry of William of Roumare see Stapleton II, cli-clx; Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville; D.N.B., v, 269.

SAI, fief of Geoffrey of: In 1180 Geoffrey had land in the neighbourhood of Arques by reason of his marriage with the widow of Hugh of Periers (Rot. Scacc., i, 90).1 In 1198 he was bailiff of Arques. He gathered together a property of several knights' fees, which was confiscated by Philip Augustus in 1204 (C.N., no. 113).2 It is possible to reconstruct his fief from the documents contained in Philip's registers. In the Feoda Normanniae (H. de F., 705e, 708n; cf. 714f) he is stated to have held a knight's fee at Bellencombre and another, of the honour of Breteuil, at Til and Thieville (Thil and Thiedeville, between Yvetot and Arques ?). In 1220 (Ibid, pp. 614c, 640b, 621f) half a fee at Fresnay-le-Long and Humesnil is mentioned, and another half at Quesnai-these places are near Bellencombre and Saint-Saens, and may have constituted the fee mentioned above-also half a fee at Estoupefos". and “Estarvilla,” which owed its aid in the bailiwick of the castle of Gaillon. The last-named places are Eterville and Fontaine-Etoupefour, just south-west of Caen, and were

1. A 'Hue de Periers' is mentioned in a 14th century list of fiefs held of Saint-Ouen (H. de F., 615 note).

2. Geoffrey of Sai, junior, is mentioned in R. N. 63, in a roll of 1202. He may have succeeded his father by this date.

held in 1220 by Alan of Falaise. Geoffrey of Sai had also possessed the manor of Les Moulineaux in this neighbourhood, which was given in May 1204 to Pain of Meheudin (C.N., no. 1071; see H. de F., 621a).

On his English lands and descendants see G.E.C., vii, 62 and note. He received some of the Tesson lands in Kent (Testa, 215b).

SAINT-HILAIRE. The family of Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouet (Manche) owed the service of 2 knights, of which that of I was due in the honour of Mortain, and I in the Avranchin (R.B., ii, 637). Hasculf of Saint-Hilaire died before 1180, and his rights descended to his daughter and her husband Frederick or Fraeric Malesmains. The lands of the honour lay between Saint-Hilaire and Pontorson, on either side of Saint-James-de-Beuvron. A certain Peter of Saint-Hilaire, who had joined Philip during Richard's captivity, and afterwards returned, had rights in Lapenty and Les Loges, near Saint-Hilaire, for which he strove with more or less success in the reigns of Richard, John and Philip Augustus (R.N., 39; Rot. Scacc., ii, 545; Jugements (1216-1219), nos. 163, 249). Peter seems to have gone to England in 1220 and made fine for his English lands at Corfton, in Somerset (R.N., 126; Rot. Claus., i, 12; Excerpta e Rotulis finium, i, 52; Stapleton I, lxvii), leaving Fraeric in possession of his Norman claims. Fraeric's fief as tenant of the honour of Mortain, is of course not entered upon the Registers of Philip Augustus, for the honour was in the possession of the counts of Boulogne; but he is named first in a list of knights of the honour (H. de F., 716f). He appears as a tenant-in-chief of the fief in the Avranchin, which lay at Sacey and Vessey, south of Pontorson (H. de F., 612h, cf. 729d; Stapleton I, clxxx).

SAINT-JEAN-LE-THOMAS. This honour was held of the åbbot of Mont-Saint-Michel (H. de F., 703-4). Its lord, William of Saint-Jean farmed the viscounty of Coutances 1. a. 1200 "Petrus de Sancto Hylario dat domino Rege cc. libras Andegavenses et j equum, quem Domino Regi pacavit, pro habenda tali saisina de terra de Leges et del (sic) Apentico qualem habuit quando ivit in Franciam, unde Rex Ricardus frater Domini Regis fecit partiam irrationabilem postea, ut dicet, inter eum et Fratricum Malemans et J. uxorem ejus occasione servicii domini Regis."

for more than forty years, 1160-1203 (Tardif, Coutumiers, I, i, pp. 111-2; Stapleton I, xi, lxviii, clviii, cx; II, ix, ccxxxvii). He died about this time, for his name was taken by William, the son of Adam of Port (cf. Rot. de Fin., 259). Adam had married the niece of William of Saint-Jean. Philip Augustus confiscated his land (C.N., no. 113; H. de F., 612g,h), and the castle at Saint-Jean-le-Thomas was destroyed (see Gerville, in Mémoires de la société des antiquaires de Normandie, 1827-8, pp. 100-102). The King held it and made deduction for it from the service due from the abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel.

The son of Adam of Port succeeded to the Sussex estates, at Halnecker and Mundham, of William of Saint-Jean. For the history of these lands see Round, Calendar, pp. 281, 331; Testa, 222, 223b (Robert of Saint John, the younger William's son); G.E.C., vii, 14-15 notes. Through descent from Adam of Port, the family held Basing in Hampshire (see V.C.H., Hampshire, iv, 116).

SAINT-SAUVEUR-LE-VICOMTE. On the early history of this important honour (Manche) see Delisle's Histoire de Saint-Sauveur. It came in the middle of the twelfth century to Jordan Taisson or Tesson, the lord of Thury (now Thury-Harcourt, on the Orne, Calvados, arr. Falaise). In 1172 Jordan owed the service of 10 knights for Thury and of 5 for Saint-Sauveur, and had in them 30 and 15 fees respectively (R.B., ii, 628). His son, Ralph Tesson, who was for a time seneschal of Normandy in John's reign, joined Philip Augustus (C.N., no. 124). In 1213 his possessions were divided between his three daughters and their husbands. Petronilla, who married William Paynell, the son of Fulk Paynell, got Percy and other lands in the Cotentin. Joanna, wife of Robert Bertram, got Thury, and Matilda, wife of Richard of Harcourt, got the rest of the honour of Saint-Sauveur (Stapleton II, lx; C.N., no. 230; H. de F., 609d,e,f; 610e,f,g; 618m).

Ralph Tesson's English lands lay in Kent, Gloucestershire and Nottinghamshire (R.N., 140, 141, 142; Stapleton II, lv). They were confiscated in 1204, and distributed.

SAINT-VICTOR-EN-CAUX. This place, now Saint-Victor-l' Abbaye, near Tôtes (Seine-Inferieure) was the seat of the Norman honour of Roger of Mortemer, lord of Wigmore.

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