the custody of his mother's third husband, William of Préaux, brother of Peter of Préaux (Stapleton II, cxliii; H. de F., 695c, 708c,g).

The history of the English fiefs of the honour of Graville is interesting. In 1204, Lilley in Hertfordshire and Coleby in Lincolnshire were seized as terrae Normannorum, which belonged to William Malet (R.N., 129; cf. Testa, 369b; Rot. Claus., i, 283b; Cal. of Charter Rolls, Henry III, vol. i, pp. 85, 86 (1228); Stapleton II, cxlii). William of Préaux, who had at first stayed in Normandy (cf. R.N., 126) came to England late in John's reign and received seisin of Coleby in right of his wife Philippa (cf. Rot. Claus., i, 233). He thus maintained for a time a connection between the English and Norman fiefs of the honour of Graville. Robert Malet, who had lived in Normandy (C.N., nos. 416, 426) is said by Stapleton to have done homage to Henry III for his ancestral lands at Lilley and Coleby in 1242 (II, cxlvi). This statement is not borne out by the records. In 1242 Robert Malet lost Coleby, which had previously been restored to him (Cal. of Patent Rolls, 1232-1247, P. 336. Cf. Charter Rolls, Henry III, i, 276, 338).

This family must be distinguished from the Malets of Somersetshire.

LA HAIE-DU-PUITS. La Haie was the caput of the honour of Plessis in the Cotentin, which was held in 1172 by Ralph of la Haie by the service of 2 knights. He also owed the service of a knight for the fief of Créances, near La Haiedu-Puits, which belonged to the honour of Mortain. He had 6 knights in his service (R.B., ii, 632). In 1204 Robert of La Haie left Normandy and settled on his English lands, of which the honour of Burwell in Lincolnshire was the chief (Rot. de Fin., 286; Testa, 329; Stapleton II, ccxxxix). In consequence the honour of La Haie or Plessis was added to the ducal demesne (H. de F., 695j).

The charters in Round's Calendar contain some information upon the earlier history of the family.

HAMBYE. Hambye (Manche, arr. Coutances) and Bréhal (ibid) were the chief fiefs of Fulk Paynell. His large honour in the Cotentin, partly held of the abbot of Mont Saint Michel, is described at length in the feodary of 1220 (H. de F. 610c). In spite of their vacillation, he and his

son Fulk retained their Norman lands. In 1205 Fulk had joined Philip (C.N., no. 124); his English lands at Bingham in Nottinghamshire appear in the list of terrae Normannorm in 1204 (R.N., 141, cf. Testa, 19; Rot. Claus., i, 6, 7b). See Round, Calendar, pp. 325, 444, 537; Stapleton II, xlvi note.

See Saint-Sauveur.

HARCOURT. The lord of Harcourt, near Brionne (Eure) owed service to the honour of Beaumont-le-Roger, and held only one knight's fee in chief of the duke (R.B., ii, 641; H. de F., 710k). In 1204 Robert of Harcourt was still living, but he was succeeded by his son Richard before 1208 (Stapleton II, ccix). Richard, as the husband of Matilda, the youngest daughter of Ralph Tesson, was, after 1213, lord of SaintSauveur-le-Vicomte (H. de F., 609d; Stapleton II, lv, ccx, cclxxx). He died between 1236 and 1242 (H. de F., 725g, 728d).

Richard of Harcourt's relations with England are important. In 1204 his father had possessed the manors of Sileby and Burstall (Leicestershire), Sherston (Wiltshire), Wellingborough (Northamptonshire), Ludham (Suffolk), Ilmington (Warwickshire), and Bensington (Oxfordshire). In 1204 these lands were confiscated (R.N., 132, 135, 138, 139, 140). His son John held Rothley in Leicestershire, and this also was confiscated (R.N., 139). Both Richard and John of Harcourt made overtures to the king in 1206 (Rot. Pat., 57b; Stapleton II, cciv), but only John returned to England and received possession of his own and the ancestral lands between 1211 and 1215 (Ibid, ccvi; Rot. Claus., i, 115b, 210). He died before Damietta in 1219 (Rot. Claus., i, 402b). In the following year Richard, the elder brother who lived in Normandy, got seisin of the Harcourt lands in England for £500 (Excerpta e rotulis finium, i, 58; Rot. Claus., i, 445), and retained them until 1236 (Stapleton II, ccvii) when he lost them, owing perhaps to his share in the campaign undertaken by Saint Louis in that year (H. de F., 725g). His son John succeeded for a time in securing Ilmington, which had gone to Simon de Montfort: he defended Simon in 1260 against the charge of treason.1 This is an

1. See a chronicle, probably of Evesham, in Leland, Collectanea, ed. Hearne (1715), i, 245-an interesting passage.

interesting illustration of the effect produced by the civil wars upon the terrae Normannorum. Ilmington afterwards came to the Montforts; Dugdale, Warwickshire (ed. 1730), i, 629; cf. ii, 799.

The Norman family here described must be distinguished from the English family of Harcourt.

See Tesson, Tournebu.

LE HOMMET. In 1172 Richard du Hommet owed the service of 3 knights, and had the service of 18 knights (R.B., ii, 630). His eldest son William, who succeeded him as constable of Normandy, joined Philip and was living in possession of this honour in 1220 (H. de F. 609j). His English lands in Northamptonshire were confiscated in 1204 (R.N. 134; cf. Rot. Claus., i, 28 b; and for other lands Testa, 120, 261).1 Stamford, which had been granted to his father in 1173, went to Earl Warenne (above, p. 435, Rot. Claus, i, 37).

Through his mother William and his brother Enguerrand succeeded to the honour of Remilly (Manche). This was held by Enguerrand in parage (H. de F. 609k).

The various connections of the members of this family with each other and with other families are too complicated to be dealt with here. See Stapleton, passim; Delisle, Robert de Torigni, ii, 97.

LEICESTER, honour of the earls of: In 1204 the honour included Breteuil and, through Petronilla, the mother of Robert IV, Grandmésnil (Calvados, arr. Lisieux). It had been stripped of Paci-sur-Eure in 1194 (above, p. 161) but was still of vast extent. In 1172 it had contained 121 knights (R.B., ii, 627). According to the life of the Marshal, Robert IV was prepared to come to an arrangement about his Norman fiefs in 1204 (above, p. 431), but he died in October (Bémont, Simon de Montfort, p. 2). Philip Augustus added his lands to the demesne (C.N., Nos. 99, 100, 113, 209). See the full entries in the Registers and the Feoda Normanniæ (H. de F., 616-7, 705-6, 714-5).

1. His loyalty to Philip was not above suspicion, for he had to find pledges (C.N., no. 204).

LITTEHAIRE. Under this heading the "honor de Luthare et de Oireval" (Rot. Scacc., ii, 521) may be treated. It belonged in 1172 to William of Orval (Manche) and was held by the service of 2 knights (R.B., ii, 628). Through Mabilia of Orval the honour came to her husband Adam of Port and their son, William of Port, or as he is called afterwards, of Saint-Jean (Rot. Scacc., ii, 530; Stapleton I, clx, II, xii). Adam and his son followed John to England, and the honour came into Philip's hands. In Register A, the words "Rex et comes Bolonie habent "1 are inserted after the entry relating to William of Orval (H. de F. 694h). In the feodary of 1220 it is given as part of the demesne (Ibid, 610k).

For further references to Adam of Port see Saint-Jean-leThomas.

LONGUEVILLE. Longueville (Seine-Inferieure, arr. Dieppe) was the caput in Normandy of the honour of Earl Giffard. The division of the lands of Earl Walter in 1191 has already been mentioned (above, p. 446 note). William the Marshal retained possession of Longueville after 1204 (above, p. 383; H. de F., 708d), and the place was in the hands of his widow and sons in 1219 (C.N., no. 1120, p. 304). The honour of Earl Giffard had comprised nearly 100 knights in 1172 (R.B., ii, 633; for a somewhat different statement see H. de F., 696b).

See also Clare, Orbec.

MEULAN. The history of the count of Meulan in 1204 and the next few years suggests a story of great misfortune. Owing to the fact that they were vassals of the king of France his predecessors had never been able to retain uninterrupted possession of their Norman lands (cf. above, pp. 108, 269). They were closely connected with the greatest Norman families (Delisle, Robert de Torigni, passim, Stapleton II, cxcvii-viii) and some of their vassals, as the Marmions and Harcourts, were among the most powerful feudatories in the duchy. The honour stretched along the valley of the Risle, at Pont-Audemer, Brionne and

1. The Court of Boulogne's share in the honour was perhaps due to a connection between it and his honour of Mortain.

Beaumont-le-Roger. Count Robert was so unfortunate as to become reconciled with John for the last time in April 1203 (Rot. Pat., 27). A month later his son Peter betrayed Beaumont-le-Roger to Philip Augustus (above, p. 238), and lost his Norman lands and English benefices (above, p. 261). Robert was obliged by his circumstances to pledge his Norman lands for 5000 marks and to retain only a contingent interest in them (Rot. Chart., 105; Stapleton II, cci). On May 1, 1204, the count, who was an old man, divested himself of all his lands in France, Normandy and England in favour of his daughter Mabiria, wife of William, earl of the Isle of Wight (Ibid). This act apparently took place at Préaux, near Rouen. Neither Philip nor John was disposed to pay any heed to this attempt on the part of the count to transmit his honour intact. The eldest son, Waleran, had been killed during a pilgrimage (Ibid, II, cxcix), Peter was a traitor, Mabiria a woman. Philip Augustus excluded the count from his peace proposals (Teulet, Layettes, i, 250)1 and John's officials enrolled Stourminster, the caput of his English lands, among the terrae Normannorum (R.N., 141; cf. Rot. de Fin., 279, for Lincolnshire lands). In France and Normandy all knowledge of him was lost (Stapleton II, cciii). He lived for a few years, dependent on John's charity. His wife Matilda was rather more fortunate, since she possessed lands in Cornwall in right of her father, Reginald, earl of Cornwall. "Apparently Mabiria. . . alone of their issue, left posterity, and through her the representation of the Comtes de

1. This receives confirmation from an inquisition of 1230, "quomodo boscus de Pomeria, quem Johannes de Bosco petit, venit ad manum domini regis" (C.N., no. 1143). One witness said that the wood had been given to Osbert, the father of the petitioner, by the count of Meulan: "rex Richardus cepit terram comitis Mellenti in manu sua . . . et tenuit quamdiu vixit. Quo mortuo Johannes rex reddidit ei terram Postea dictus comes dedit pluribus de terra sua, et etiam Johanni de Pratellis haiam de Roetot, et dicto O. boscum supradictum, et postea ipse recessit in Angliam cum rege Johanne. Rex antem Philippus inhibuit quod dona que dictus comes facerat tempore dicti J. regis nullatenus tenerentur, excepto dono quod fecerat dicto Johanni de Pratellis et Guillelmo de Hoxeia," and, we may add, the lands given to Richard of Harcourt; see the next note.

suam.