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List of prices of Publications of the Society, which may be had_on_application to the Hon. Librarian, Mr. W. T. LANCASTER, F.S.A., 10, Park Street, Leeds :Yorkshire Archæological Journal, bound in cloth, post-free, £1

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Fountains Abbey, by W.H. ST. JOHN HOPE, with Coloured Plan
The Plan alone

History of Hemingborough

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Mount Grace Priory, with Coloured Plan

The Cistercian Statutes, by Rev. Canon FOWLER
The Cistercian Order, by J. T. Micklethwaite, F.S.A.
The Ripon Manual

Anglian and Anglo-Danish Sculpture in the North
Riding, by W. G. COLLINGWOOD, M.A., F.S.A.
Anglian and Anglo-Danish Sculpture at York
Anglian and Anglo-Danish Sculptured Stones, East
Riding, with Addenda relating to North Riding
The Roman Forts at Elslack, by T. MAY, F.S.A.(Soot.)
Jervaulx Abbey, by W. H. St. JOHN HOPE, M.A., and
HAROLD BRAKSPEAR, F.S.A., with Coloured Plan
The Plan alone...

Yorkshire Church Plate, Vol. I, by T. M. FALLOW,

M.A., F.S.A., and H. B. McCALL, F.S.A.

06 each.

I o each. 76 6

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7 6

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5 0

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12 6

All literary communications, original documents, including ancient charters, deeds, inventories, or wills of historical value, notices of archeological discoveries, and other papers relating to Yorkshire, intended for the Journal, should be addressed to the Hon. Editor, H. B. McCALL, F.S. A., Ilkley, Yorks.

THE TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP ARE:

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Life Members (whose Subscriptions are invested, and the Interest only
applied to the purposes of the Association)
Annual Members

Subscriptions are due on January 1st, and should be paid to the Hon. Treasurer,
Mr. H. F. CHADWICK, Church Street, Dewsbury, or through the Subscriber's Banker.
Further information can be obtained on application to the Hon. Secretary,
E. W. CROSSLEY, Dean House, Triangle, Halifax.

Record Series of the Society.

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, ONE GUINEA.

(For further particulars apply to Hon. Sec., J. W. CLAY, F.S.A., Rastrick, Brighouse.) VOL. 1.-YORKSHIRE WILLS AT SOMERSET HOUSE, 1649-1660. SINQUISITIONS (James I and Charles I).

2, 5, 7, 8 & 42.-YORKSHIRE FEET OF FINES.

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(PROCEEDINGS of the COUNCIL of the NORTH.

{TWO EARLIEST SESSIONS ROLLS of WEST RIDING of YORKS.

4, 6, 11, 14, 19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32 & 35.-INDEX OF WILLS PROVED AT YORK. ABSTRACTS OF WILLS, 1665-6.

9.

10, 13.-COUCHER BOOK OF SELBY ABBEY (Vols. I & II).

12, 23, 31, 37.-YORKSHIRE INQUISITIONS (Vols. I, II, III & IV).

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15, 18, 20.-ROYALIST COMPOSITIONS (Vols. I, II & III).

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16, 21.-LAY SUBSIDIES (Vols. I & II).

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25, 30.-THE CHARTULARY OF ST. JOHN OF PONTEFRACT (Vols. I & II). 27 & 83.-YORKSHIRE SCHOOLS (Vols. I & II).

29 & 36.-WAKEFIELD MANOR COURT ROLLS, 1274-1309 (Vols. I & II).
34.-YORKSHIRE CHURCH NOTES.

38.-INDEX TO DEAN AND CHAPTER WILLS AT YORK.
39.-YORKSHIRE DEEDS.

40, 43 & 46.-PAVER'S MARRIAGE LICENCES, 1630-1714 (Vols. I, II & III).
41 & 45.-YORKSHIRE STAR CHAMBER PROCEEDINGS (Vols. I & II).
44.-YORKSHIRE ASSIZE ROLLS (JOHN and HENRY III).

;; 47.-SELBY WILLS, ADMINISTRATIONS and INVENTORIES.

Also the Publications of the North Riding Record Series.

THE

Yorkshire Archæological Society.

FOUNDED, 1863. INCORPORATED. 1893.

PATRONS.

His Grace the DUKE OF NORFOLK, K.G.,
Hereditary Earl Marshal.

The Right Hon. LORD GRANTLEY, F.S.A
The Right Hon. LORD DERWENT.
Sir JOHN WILLIAM RAMSDEN, Bart.

The Rev. CANON WILLIAM GREENWELL,
F.R.S., F.S.A.

ANDREW SHERLOCK LAWSON, F.S.A.
The Rev. Canon FOWLER, D.C.L., F.S.A.
Sir GEO. J. ARMYTAGE, Bart., F.S.A.

PRESIDENT.

Sir GEO. J. ARMYTAGE, Bart., F.S.A.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

S. J. CHADWICK, F.S.A.
J. W. CLAY, F.S.A.

FRANCIS COLLINS M.D.

BILSON, JOHN, F.S.A. (Hull).

COUNCIL.

BOYNTON, THOMAS, F.S.A. (Bridlington Quay)
BRIGG, JOHN J., M.A., LL.B. (Keighley).
BROWN, WILLIAM, F.S.A. (Thirsk).

CHARLESWORTH, JOHN (Wakefield).
CHEESMAN, W. N. (Selby).

CLARK, E. K., M.A., F.S.A. (Leeds).
CLARK, E. T., F.S.A. (Snaith).

COLLIER, Rev. C. V., M.A., F.S.A. (Malton).
DENISON, SAMUEL, F.S.A. (Leeds).
EDDISON, J. E., M.D. (Leeds).

LISTER, JOHN, M.A. (Halifax).
LUMB, G. D., F.S.A. (Leeds).

PARKER, Col. JOHN, C.B., F.S.A. (Clitheroe).
PUDSEY, Col. H. FAWCETT (Hull).
SALTMARSHE, Col. P. (York).
SCOTT, JOHN (Skipton).
SLINGSBY, F. W. (York).

STAVERT, Rev. W, J., M.A., F.S.A. (Burnsally.
TOLSON, LEGH (Huddersfield).

WALKER, J. W., M.D., F.S.A. (Wakefield).
WEDDALL, G. E. (Brough, E. Yorks.).

HONORARY TREASURER.

H. F. CHADWICK, B.A., Church Street, Dewsbury.

HONORARY LIBRARIAN.

W. T. LANCASTER, F.S.A., 10, Park Street, Leeds.

HONORARY SECRETARIES.

E. W. CROSSLEY, Dean House, Triangle, Halifax.

FOR THE RECORD SERIES.-J. W. CLAY, F.S.A., Rastrick House, Brighouse.

HONORARY EDITOR.

H. B. MCCALL, F.S.A., Ilkley, Yorks.

The Thoresby Society.

The Society was formed in 1889 for antiquarian objects in connection with Leeds and District. Its publications include the Leeds Parish Church Register, Adel Register, Methley Register, Kirkstall Abbey Coucher Book, Calverley Charters, Leeds Grammar School Register, Architectural Description of Kirkstall Abbey, History of Barwick-in-Elmet, Local Wills and Subsidies, West Riding Place-names, Letters to Thoresby, and Miscellanea.

Subscription, 10s. 6d. per annum. Life Fee, £5 5s. Hon. Treasurer : G. D. LUMB, F.S.A., 63, Albion Street, Leeds. Hon. Secretaries: B. P. SCATTERGOOD, M.A., 7, Cookridge Street, Leeds; C. A. Town, M.A., LL.B., 18, Springfield Mount, Leeds.

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(BEING THE THIRD PART OF VOLUME XXII.)

[ISSUED TO MEMBERS ONLY]

CBORSIC

LEEDS:

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY

JOHN WHITEHEAD & SON, ALFRED STREET, BOAR LANE.

MCMXIII.

831700

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The Council of the Society is not responsible for any statements or opinions expressed in the YORKSHIRE ARCHEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, the Authors of the various Papers being alone responsible for the same.

CONTENTS OF PART 87.
(Being the Third part of Volume XXII.)

ERIC BLOODAXE IN YORK
FANGFOSS CHURCH.

THE MANOR-HOUSE OF THE BISHOPS
OF DURHAM AT HOWDEN
THE MEDIEVAL HIGHWAYS, STREETS,
OPEN DITCHES, AND SANITARY CON-
DITIONS OF THE CITY OF YORK
AN EXCAVATION AT ADEL
NOTES:-

.

PAGE

REV. S. BARING GOULD
REV. W. D. WOOD-REES

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JOHN BILSON, F.S.A.

T. P. COOPER .
DONALD ATKINSON, M.A.

VII. On a Figure of St. Margaret
VIII. Stone Circles at Blubberhouses

IX. Ruthwell and Bewcastle Crosses .

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WILLIAM M. I'ANSON

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X. An unrecorded Brass at Bossall, in the North Riding
XI. Notes of Yorkshire Clerics.
XII. The Particularitees of Plaite

XIII. Letter regarding the Siege of York

THE CASTLES OF THE NORTH RIDING

Ellustrations.

THE MANOR-HOUSE OF THE BISHOPS OF DURHAM AT HOWDEN :-
Plan of the Remains of the Bishops' Manor House, Howden
Porch to the Hall, from North-west

Key of Vault of Porch

West End of Hall

Langley's Gateway, North Side

View showing Buildings on West and North Sides of Court AN EXCAVATION AT ADEL-Plan and Sections, Adel Camp. AN UNRECORDED BRASS AT BOSSALL, IN THE NORTH RIDING: Robert Constable, esq., chancellor of Durham, 1454

THE CASTLES OF THE NORTH RIDING:

Plan of Cropton, Castleton, Castle Leavington, and Easby Castles
Helmsley Castle

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The Yorkshire Parish Register Society

The Society was formed in 1899 for the purpose of printing the older Registers of the county. The following have been either issued or are in the press:-York (St. Michael-le-Belfrey), Burton Fleming, Horbury, Winestead, Linton-in-Craven, Stokesley, Patrington, Scorborough, Blacktoft, Bingley, Kippax, Brantingham, Hampsthwaite, Wath-on-Dearne, Cherry Burton, Marske, Hartshead, Bolton-by-Bolland, Pickhill, Howden, Grinton, Hackness, Ledsham, Rothwell, Thornhill, Terrington, Gargrave, Allerton Mauleverer, Askham Richard, Otley, York (St. Martin's, Coney Street), Kirklington, Halifax, Settrington, Austerfield, Cowthorpe, York (Holy Trinity, Goodramgate), Thirsk, Danby, Kildwick, Darrington, Garforth, Skipwith, and Harewood.

Subscription, One Guinea per annum. President: Colonel JOHN PARKER, C. B., F.S.A.; Hon. Treasurer: JOHN AUDUS HIRST, 4, South Parade, Leeds; Hon. Secretaries: FRANCIS COLLINS, M.D., St. Andrews, Lyme Regis, Dorset; G. D. LUMB, F.S.A., 63, Albion Street, Leeds, to whom applications for membership should be sent.

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IN 934, Athelstan had undertaken a campaign in the north, and humbled Constantine, King of the Scots. As he was returning south he was, doubtless, in some perplexity as to whom he should appoint to bear rule in his name in York, when he was relieved of his difficulty in a manner quite unexpected.

Eric Bloodaxe, son of King Harald Fairhair, who had succeeded his father as King of Norway in 930, had made himself odious to his subjects through his exactions and his cruelties. He had butchered five of his brothers, and hence obtained the nickname of Bloodaxe. In 934, he was in such difficulties that he laid an embargo on all vessels in Norwegian harbours to prevent the news of how he was situated getting abroad; and when in that same year Hakon, Athelstan's fosterson, landed, and the people flocked to him, Eric found himself so deserted, that with a few faithful adherents he escaped across the sea and came to Athelstan, entreating his hospitality. Athelstan at once came to terms with him, and appointed him his viceroy at York.

The words of the Egill's Saga are sufficiently important to be given verbatim: "Eric had no other choice left him but to fly the land. He went away with his wife, Gunnhild, and their children. Arinbjörn, the Baron, was foster-brother of King Eric, and had fostered one of his children. He was the dearest of all the lendermen to the king. Arinbjörn left the land along with the king, and they fared, first of all, to Orkney. After that Eric had married his daughter Ragnhild to Earl Arnfinn,1 he sailed south with his host along the coast of Scotland and ravaged there. Then he went south to England, and ravaged there as well. And well. And when King Athelstan learned this he collected a force and went against him. And when they met, a settlement was effected between them, and this was the agreement, that King Athelstan gave Eric authority over

1 According to Snorri " Heimskringla," it was after the death of Eric, in 950,

VOL XXII.

that Ragnhild married Earl Arnfinn, of Orkney.

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