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the reign of Charles II. No portion of the present edifice appears to be of great antiquity, but at a very early period there must have been a fortalice at Falkland." It was in Falkland that David Duke of Rothesay was imprisoned, and whose life was, for a time, sustained by a wet nurse conveying to him On leaving King's milk from her breast through a reed. Kettle Station, (26 miles), there is visible on the left Nuthill House (Mrs. Tyndal Bruce), pleasantly seated at the foot of Lomond Hill, (upon a conspicuous point of which a monument has been lately erected to the memory of the late Mr. T. O. Bruce by his widow).

At Ladybank Junction (27 m.), the line to Cupar-Fife, St. Andrews, and Dundee, branches off to the right, that for Perth to the left. On the right of Collessie Station (293 miles), and immediately after passing Inchrye, the valley of the Tay expands to view, and a beautiful prospect is afforded of the Across the Firth, Castle Huntly, fertile Carse of Gowrie. Errol, and Kinfauns, successively present themselves to the

eye.

In the clean and pleasantly situated village of Abernethy (37 miles), is a round tower about 74 feet high, resembling those of Ireland, which have so much engaged the attention of antiquarians. The Bridge of Earn (41 miles), is a sweetlysituated village, famous for its mineral wells of Pitcaithley. It possesses a ball-room, a library, and every other requisite convenience. Perth is four miles further.

ST. ANDREWS.

[Inns: The Royal; The Cross Keys. Population, 5107.]

The distance of St. Andrews from Edinburgh by railway is 44 miles, and the time taken about three hours; there are two or three trains daily. On the right of Ladybank, are Ramornie House (Heriot, Esq.) and Crawford Priory (Earl of Glasgow.) Near this is the village of Pittlessie, the scene of Wilkie's well-known picture, "Pitlessie Fair." The painter was a native of this parish (Cults), of which his father was minister. On an eminence to the right of Springfield, is Scotstarvit Tower, on the Wemyss Hall property, and the town of Cupar is on the left, the birthplace of Lord Chief-Justice Campbell, whose father was minister of the parish. The heads of Lawrence Hay, and Andrew Pitulloch, and one

of the hands of David Hackstone of Rathillet, who all suffered during the wars of the Covenant, were buried in this churchyard, where a stone marks the place. A few miles further on, and on the right, are the ruins of Dairsie Castle, in which a Parliament was held in 1335. The antique church adjoining was built by Archbishop Spottiswoode of St. Andrews, about 1615. The romantic den of Durie, and parish kirk of Kemback, is well seen from the railway station, after passing which we come in sight of the sea and the towers of St. Andrews. At Leuchars* station passengers change carriages for the St. Andrews branch, which, crossing the River Eden, brings us, in about twenty minutes, to St. Andrews station. Omnibuses await the arrival of each train.

St. Andrews, one of the most agreeable and salubrious residences on the east coast of Scotland, was formerly a place of great importance, and was the seat of the primate of Scotland. It is entered at the west end by a massive antique portal-preserved unimpaired-its other extremity terminating in the ruins of the cathedral. The city abounds in curious antique houses, which were once occupied by persons of rank, both in church and state, and it has an air of seclusion not unlike some of the cathedral towns of England. The origin of St. Andrews is involved in obscurity, but it is justly believed to have been at a very early period the seat of a religious establishment. It was originally denominated Muckross. According to the common tradition, about the end of the fourth century it became the residence of St. Regulus, who was shipwrecked here. The ruins of a chapel and an entire tower, known by the name of St. Regulus, or St. Rule, are still to be seen near the cathedral. On the union of the Scottish and Pictish kingdoms, the name of the city was changed to St. Andrews. The famous priory of St. Andrews was erected by Bishop Robert, in the reign of Alexander I., about the year 1120. The city was made a royal burgh by David I. in the year 1140. The charter of Malcolm II., written upon a small bit of parchment, is preserved in the Town Hall. In 1471 St. Andrews was erected into an Archbishopric by Sextus IV., at the request of James IV. At what time its church became metropolitan, is not known with certainty, but it must have been at a very early period.

The chapel of St. Regulus is, without doubt, one of the oldest relics of ecclesiastical architecture in the kingdom. The tower is a square prism

The chancel and apsis, or the old front of the parish church of Leuchars, is said to be the best specimen of Norman architecture in Scotland, and is supposed to have been built about 1100. The nave, or the portion used as the parish church was recently taken down and rebuilt. About a mile to the east of the church is the fine old castle of Earlshall. It has a painted ceiling, and the walls of the great hall have been covered with curious maxims, one of which runs thus:

"A nyce wyf and a back door,

Oft maketh a rich man poore."

R