sioned it to be generally used in large works; for it affords the proprietors a perpetual account of the quantity of gas produced, and is a stimulus to the workmen in producing the greatest possible quantity of gas, besides enabling them to determine the quality of the coal.

THE GAS GOVERNOR, &c.

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The Gas Governor is an instrument, invented by Mr. Clegg, for regulating the inequalities

as well as to shew the time, would not Kyriometer (from the Greek Kyrios, a master, and metron, a measure,) or Pantometer, be a more appropriate and scientific designation for this machine?

arising from the irregular pressure of the gasholders, as well as that from the putting out of the lights at different periods of the night. This contrivance consists of a small gasometer of sufficient weight for producing the required pressure; the interior of it is in direct communication with the pipe through which the gas passes. This gasometer is connected with a regulating valve, so that when the pressure, at any time, increases, the gasometer rises and contracts the opening; and, on the contrary, if the pressure diminishes, the gasometer falls and increases the opening. In every case, the aperture is always in unison with the demand, preserving the flame at one uniform height. Its purposes are more effectually accomplished by placing one, on a small scale, in each house; but one on a large scale, placed at the main outlet at the gas works, will equalize the general pressure, and seems to be absolutely necessary where governors are not individually used. This is a self-acting machine, and requires no alteration when once adjusted. The following description will probably render it intelligible.

The figure is a section of the governor, and (A, B, C, D,) exhibit the outer case; this is made of sheet-iron or copper, with the top and bottom closed, and both the inside and outside are also

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japanned: (4,5,6,7,) shew the form of the small gasometer; (1,2,) the pipe by which the gas enters; and (3,) the pipe by which it passes out. The conical valve attached to the bottom of the upright spindle (8,) rises and falls, so as to contract or enlarge the aperture (2, E,) as the gasometer ascends or decends by the entrance or passing out of the gas; and (F, G,) is a short hollow cylinder or cup, in which the outer case is fixed at the centre of its base.

Mr. Crosley has made some improvements in the construction of the governor for regulating the supply at the main outlet of the works, so that, by its own action, the pressure is increased or diminished with the quantity supplied. One of the modes he employs is in the construction of the small gasometer. Some years ago, by making an experimental gasometer on a small scale, and requiring uniform pressure for comparing the intensities of light, instead of using a compensation chain, which it is not easy to make free from friction, he found that he could effect the same, in a more simple way, by making the gasometer less in diameter at the top than at the bottom. Hence, by increasing this difference, the gasometer may be made to vary its pressure to any required degree. He also effects the same purpose by employing a gasometer of the common

construction, making the necessary compensation by means of a cycloidal wheel, over which the balance-weight is suspended. This wheel is formed with moveable pegs for varying the curve, and adapting it at pleasure to any required variations.

By certain modifications of the governor, Mr. Crosley has also rendered it capable of regulating the discharge of gas from a portable gas vessel, so that, without any adjustment of the valve, the flame is preserved uniform from the beginning, through all the variations of pressure, from thirty atmospheres down to that of common gas

ometers.

THE PRESSURE INDICATOR.

Some establishments employ a person solely for the purpose of regulating the main outlet. However, Mr. Crosley has contrived an ingenious apparatus for registering the actual pressure of the gas at the main outlet, and which indicates the most minute variations with the precise time when they occur, during the whole of the operations,

both by night and by day. This furnishes a complete check against the person employed to superintend and regulate the supply.*

This contrivance for registering the pressure of the gas, consists of a small gasometer, the interior of which communicates with the gas main by a small tube. By means of an air vessel within this gasometer, it is made to float when down at its lowest immersion, so that, in this situation, its interior is in equilibrium with the external atmosphere, and it is made to rise gradually to its highest elevation by the increase of the pressure of the gas in the main, thus producing a regular scale, about 12 inches in length, and equal to the pressure of a column of water of 1 inch. To a guide-rod on the top of this gasometer is attached a pencil-holder, with a small spring for giving the pencil a slight bearing upon the paper, which is prepared for registering the pressure; this paper is divided horizontally by division lines, adapted to of an inch of pressure through the whole extent of the rise of the gasometer; and it is also divided vertically,

* This admirably important addition to gas apparatus was first employed by Mr. Lowe at the Chartered Company's Works, in 1824; the mere inspection of it will convince any one of the accuracy of its indications, and, consequently, of its utility in such establishments.