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Cimmerium, anciently called Cerberion, with which district Cyzicus was in constant commercial intercourse.

142. Animal with long tail standing to left on tunny.

Twelfth. Brit. Mus., 20.7 grs. [Pl. VI. 4].

Noted. Num. Vet., R. P. K., p.

3.

The animal, which has much the appearance of a squirrel, is no doubt a fox, and was placed on the coin in connection with Bassareus, the Lydian Dionysus, to whom the animal was sacred. On the reverses of early electrum staters and half-staters attributed to Miletus and to Lydia (Head, Hist. Num. pp. 503, 545), there is a figure of a running fox within an oblong incuse, between two small incuse squares containing respectively a stag's head and a cross with pellets at the extremities.

143. Griffin, with rounded wings, standing left on tunny, the right fore-paw raised.

W. G. (a), 247-2 grs. [Pl. VI. 5]. Brit. Mus. (a), 245 2. Paris (De L.) (b), 247·8. Hague (b), 247·4. Waddington (Northwick sale, No. 956). Weber, 244.2 (Whittall sale, 1884, No. 750). Löbbecke, 246.9. Lambros.

(a), (b), diff. dies.

Engr. Sestini, Stat. Ant., Pl. IX. 1. Num. Chron., N.S.,

xvi., Pl. VIII. 25.

Noted. Num. Vet., R. P. K., p. 154. Brandis, p. 398, under Teos.

Hecta. Berlin, 40.1 grs.

There is no type, except the lion, which occurs so frequently on the staters as the griffin. And in connection with Apollo, the father of its mythical founder, we might

expect it to be common. As the guardian of the gold in the land of the Hyperboreans, periodically visited by Apollo, the griffin might again find a place on the Cyzicene coinage, and with more than ordinary fitness, as the gold used at Cyzicus came principally, through Panticapæum, from the region where the Hyperboreans were supposed to dwell. The griffin, as the common type, the badge of Teos and Abdera, its colony, both of them not far distant and wealthy states, was also to be expected on the coins of a city which so frequently adopted the monetary subjects of other states. Though, probably, used on the coinage of Cyzicus in connection with Apollo, the griffin was also a Dionysiac symbol. Types having reference to Dionysus and his worship are very common on the staters, and it is evident that he was held in especial reverence in Cyzicus.

144. Griffin, with rounded wing, seated to left on tunny, the right fore-paw raised.

Brit. Mus., 248.8 grs. [Pl. VI. 6]. W. G., 247·1, (Subhi sale, No. 766). Lambros in 1885.

All the same die.

Engr. Num. Chron., N.S., vol. xvii., Pl. VI. 8.

145. Griffin, with pointed wing, standing to left on tunny, the right fore-paw raised.

Berlin, 39.7 grs. [Pl. VI. 7].

146. Griffin, with pointed wing, seated left on tunny.

Brit. Mus., 2475 grs. [Pl. VI. 8].

Engr. Num. Chron., N.S., xvii., Pl. VI. 9.
Hecta. Munich, 39-6 grs. [Pl. VI. 9].

Engr. Sestini, Stat. Ant., Pl. IX. 2.

147. Griffin to left on tunny, holding head of spear in mouth.

Mionnet, Suppl. v., p. 202, No. 112, (Cab. de feu M. d'Hermand).

I have been unable to trace this coin, and I think it probable that it is wrongly described. It is the common type on coins of Panticapæum, and one which might be expected to occur on the coinage of Cyzicus, supposing that the coin as described ever existed.

148. Forepart of griffin to left, with rounded wing. Beneath, tunny left.

W. G. (a), 246-6 grs. [Pl. VI. 10]. Hoffmann (two), (b), 246.8.

(a), (b), diff. dies.

Hecta. Munich, 41 grs.

Engr. Sestini, Stat. Ant., Pl. IX. 3.

Noted. Mionnet, vi., p. 616, No. 26.

Twelfth. St. Pet., 18.7 grs.

Noted. Mionnet, vi., p. 616, No. 27.

The griffin on this stater is represented with the head of a lion; on all the others the head is the ordinary one of an eagle or kindred bird.

149. Forepart of griffin to left, with rounded wings. In front, tunny upwards.

Brit. Mus., 250 grs. (Subhi sale, No. 209). [Pl. VI. 11].

150. Griffin's head and neck to left, on each side a tunny upwards.

Six, 41.8 grs. (Gréau sale, No. 1652). [Pl. VI. 12].

151. Eagle, with wings raised, to left on tunny and apparently about to tear it.

W. G., 246.1 grs. [Pl. VI. 13].

A type very similar, except that the hare, &c., is replaced by the tunny, to one frequent on the coins of

Elis. An eagle standing on a dolphin is the ordinary

type of Sinope.

152. Eagle facing, but flying to right, behind, tunny downwards, all upon disk or within a circle.

Paris, 247 grs. [Pl. VI. 14]. Berlin, 246.9.
Diff. dies.

Engr. Rev. Num., N.S., ix., Pl. I. 6.

The disk probably represents the sun, and if so the type is connected with Helios, the sun-god.

153. Eagle, with head turned back, standing to right on tunny, all upon disk.

Berlin, 247-9 grs. [Pl. VI. 15].

Engr. Rev. Num., N.S., ix., Pl. I. 2.

154. Eagle standing to right upon tunny; above it is a second tunny whose head is covered by that of the

eagle.

Six, 40-8 grs. (Subhi sale, No. 767). [Pl. VI. 16].
Twelfth. W. G., 20.8 grs. [Pl. VI. 17]. Kotschoubey
Coll., 20.2.

Engr. De Koehne, Mus. Kotschoubey, Pl. I. 1.

155. Forepart of cock, with rounded wing, to left. Beneath, tunny left.

Brit. Mus., 248-2 grs. (Subhi sale, No. 765). [Pl. VI. 18].

The bird commonly offered in sacrifice to Asclepios was a cock, and the type may have reference to the worship of that god, whose head occurs on hecta of Phocæa. The cock as the bird of dawn is the common type of Himera, but it does not appear probable that there is any copying here of the Sicilian coin. On the coins of Dardanus in Troas the cock is of frequent occurrence, though commonly it is

a fighting cock. It is found, however, in a peaceful attitude upon an early electrum stater of the Phoenician standard, as well as upon silver coins of a little later date.

156. Head of fish, with spike, to left. Beneath, head of cock turned towards the fish-head.

Imhoof, 42 grs.

This hecta, one of the class with the fish-head, probably representing the whole tunny, came into Dr. ImhoofBlumer's collection too late to be included in the plates. It was sent to him from Trebizond.

157. Dolphin to left. Beneath, tunny left.

Brit. Mus. (two), 416 grs., 40-4. [Pl. VI. 19].

[blocks in formation]

Twelfth. Brit. Mus. (two), 20.7 grs. (a), 20·5 (b). W. G. (a), 20.8.

(a), (b), diff. dies.

A type connected with Poseidon, who on the stater, No. 6, holds a dolphin on his hand.

158. Crab holding in its claws the head of a fish to left. Beneath, small tunny left.

Imhoof, 248-7 grs. [Pl. VI. 20].

Noted. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Grecq., p. 242, No. 73.

Hecta. Brit. Mus., 36 grs. [Pl. VI. 21].

Of base gold. There is no tunny beneath the crab.

A type, like the last, probably connected with the worship of Poseidon. Upon the stater No. 161 the claws only

VOL. VII. THIRD SERIES.

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