Among them were two unpublished aurei of Carausius and Allectus.

On the Saxon coinage our only communication was from the pen of Mr. Montagu and related to the rare coinage of Æthelbald of Wessex, the existence of which had by some been doubted, as it rested on the authority of an engraving made under the auspices of the notorious John White. Dr. Combe, however, was satisfied as to the authenticity of the coin, the moneyer's name on which was BEANMVND. In confirmation of Dr. Combe, Mr. Montagu cites two coins of the same type but struck by TORHTVLF, one of which was in his own collection and the other in that of Mr. Brice, though now both in Mr. Montagu's possession.

Another paper by the same author relates to the so-called BELLO ET PACE farthing of Queen Anne, and entirely disposes of its claim to be regarded as a coin of the realm or as a patternpiece, and relegates it to the category of medalets or jetons.

An unpublished medal of Anthony Brown, first Viscount Montagu, presented by Mr. Franks, with his usual liberality, to the national collection, forms the subject of a paper by Mr. Grueber, in which he gives some interesting particulars of the diplomatist and warrior in whose honour the medal was cast. Mr. Grueber is inclined to regard Trezzo, whose medal of Mary is well known, as the artist who designed this of Viscount Montagu.

A most useful Index to the Personal Medals in the British Museum of later date than the accession of George III, has been furnished to us by Mr. Warwick Wroth, and forms a convenient and valuable supplement to the Medallic Illustrations up to the death of George II by Messrs. Hawkins, Franks and Grueber, published by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1885.

Another paper relating to medals was one by the late Archdeacon Pownall, which did not come before us until after his lamented decease. It related to medals of Innocent VIII and

Alexander VI, and though the types described were already published, the paper contained much of historical and personal interest. It is sad to think that it closes the series of these papers, and that the Society has lost one of the most constant and instructive contributors to its Journal.

In illustration of the types and of the morphology of coins we have had a suggestive paper from Mr. Hall on the gold coinage of Medieval Europe, and Mr. Keary has furnished us with an abstract of Dr. Hans Hildebrand's paper on the earliest Scandinavian coinage. The modifications of the Dorstat type of the coins of Charlemagne afford another remarkable instance of the changes which may result from successive imitations of a type which has to a great extent lost its original signification.

We have had some accounts of recently discovered hoards brought before us, including one by Mr. Sim of the remarkable find at Aberdeen of upwards of 12,000 silver coins, mostly of our three first Edwards.

Mr. Stanley Lane Poole has continued his Fasti Arabici, and has given us notes on the collections of Mr. Leggett and Col. Stewart, as well as a notice of the Oriental coins in the library at Christ Church, Oxford. We have, therefore, had brought under our notice no inconsiderable number of subjects; but I must take this opportunity of again impressing upon our members that without a sufficient amount of material it will be impossible for the Numismatic Chronicle to continue to appear with its wonted regularity; and I would suggest that those who are pursuing any special branch of numismatic study should take the earliest opportunity of making the Society acquainted with the result of their labours.

I must now turn to the sadder part of my duty on this occasion, and say a few words with regard to those who have been removed from among us by death.

In Archdeacon Assheton Pownall we have lost an ardent numismatist, and a constant contributor to the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle. He was the third son of James Pownall,

Esq., of Liverpool, and was born in 1822. He received his education at Harrow, under Dr. Wordsworth, and subsequently proceeded to Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1845. In that same year he was ordained by Bishop Lonsdale, of Lichfield, and after serving the curacy of Edgmond, Shropshire, for two years, he was presented by the Lord Chancellor Cottenham to the rectory of South Kilworth, Leicestershire, which was his home for the rest of his life. The population of his parish never exceeded 500, so that he felt at liberty to undertake useful work outside its limits. For many years he represented the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and visited, on their behalf, most of the towns and villages of the Midland Counties. In 1867 he was appointed Rural Dean of Gartree; in 1875 he was made an Honorary Canon of Peterborough; and he was Proctor in Convocation from 1871 till 1884, when he was made Archdeacon of Leicester, still remaining a Member of the House.

It is, however, with Archdeacon Pownall's numismatic career rather than with his ecclesiastical that we have now to do. He joined the Society in April, 1860, and from that time until the day of his death he took the warmest interest in its welfare. His communications to the Society and to the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle are too numerous for me to record here in detail, being nearly thirty in number. His first papers, beginning in 1861, related to the short cross coinage of Henry II and Henry III, and to a curiously defaced penny of Stephen. The subject of the short cross coinage was a favourite one with Archdeacon Pownall, and he more than once recurred to it. His list of the coins with the cross-pommée mint mark was, for instance, most instructive and complete. The subject of counter-marked coins was also one to which he paid much attention. He likewise brought before us notices of various finds of Roman and other coins, and raised the question as to the amount of Italian influence that could be traced on the coinage of Offa. On the coinage of the Edwards and the

Henrys he was no mean authority, some important hoards of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries having passed through his hands. Of these he gave detailed accounts in the Numismatic Chronicle. His paper1 on the royal bust on early groats, connecting the representation of the monarch showing his neck and shoulders naked with the ceremony of unction at the Coronation, exhibited great ingenuity, and also went to prove that the knowledge of subjects apparently most remote from numismatic science may assist in throwing an unexpected light upon some hitherto unobserved or mysterious detail.

On the coins issued from the mint at Stafford Archdeacon Pownall's paper, published in 1880, furnishes the most complete list that has hitherto been compiled. His inquiry in the following year, Have we no Irish Coins of Edward VI? I venture to believe that I have been able to answer, and in doing so I have fully borne out Archdeacon Pownall's suggestion, and shown that there were large issues from the Dublin mint during the reign of Edward VI, though the coins were struck with the image and superscription of his father, Henry VIII. Of late his attention had been principally directed to the series of Papal medals, especially those of the fifteenth century, on which he contributed a succession of interesting and instructive papers to the Society. The last literary work on which he was engaged was the paper that will appear in the forthcoming part of the Chronicle. His decease took place almost suddenly at Dover in November, 1886. Archdeacon Pownall was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and for some years its local secretary for Leicestershire, and in that capacity gave accounts to the Society of various discoveries of antiquities in the Midland Counties. As many of our members well know, he was a man of the most genial disposition, always anxious thoroughly to perform whatever he undertook, enthusiastic in his appreciation of all that was of numismatic or antiquarian interest, a keen

1 Num Chron. N.S., vol. ix, 203.

observer, and one who made, but never lost, friends. His services to the Society while a member of the Council were most valuable, though unobtrusively rendered, and if the medal, of which I have the honour to be the recipient this year, is ever productive of good to numismatic science, it must not be forgotten that its foundation, as I stated in 1883, was in the main due to the judicious suggestions of Archdeacon Pownall. Of the affection in which he was held by his parishioners and neighbours this is hardly the place to speak. It is testified by a memorial window, placed in the chancel of South Kilworth Church, which was so long the scene of his labours.

The Right Honourable William Willoughby Cole, third Earl of Enniskillen, was born on the 25th January, 1807, and died on the 12th November, 1886. He was elected into this Society in May, 1861, and for many years took a warm interest in its welfare, frequently serving on the Council, and as one of its Vice-Presidents. His numismatic tastes were principally in the direction of the coinages of foreign countries, in the collection and arrangement of examples of which he materially aided the British Museum. As a geologist, and especially as a collector of fossil fish, he was widely known, and so long ago as 1828, when still Viscount Cole, he became a Fellow of the Geological Society. For many years before his decease his eyesight began to fail, but until the last he maintained his interest in his favourite pursuits, and rejoiced in opportunities of discussing them. His almost gigantic frame, his genial smile, and his merry laugh will long be remembered by those with whom he was brought in contact, and probably other members of the Society besides myself will cherish a remembrance of the kind and hearty hospitality with which friends were received in the fine old family seat of Florence Court.

Lieutenant-Colonel William Stewart Thorburn had been a member of this Society since January, 1884, only. He had, however, for many years been an ardent numismatist, having been a collector from his early youth. He was the eldest son