Revised Edition. A SYSTEM OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY, COMPRISING A DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT STATE OF THE WORLD. AND ITS GRAND DIVISIONS, North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceanica, WITH THEIR SEVERAL EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, STATES, TERRITORIES, ETC Embellished by Numerous Engravings. ADAPTED TO THE CAPACITY OF YOUTH. PUBLISHED BY J. H. BUTLER & CO AND FOR SALE BY BOOKSELLERS THROUGHOUT THE US. 1879. OFFICE OF THE CONTROLLERS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS, FIRST SCHOOL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, Nov. 26th, 1859. At a meeting of the Controllers of Public Schools, First District of Pennsylvania, held at the Controllers' Chamber, on Monday, October 7th, 1839, the following Resolution was adopted : Resolved, That Mitchell's Geography and Atlas be introduced to be used in the Public Schools of this District. ROBERT J. HEMPHILL, Secretary. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by S. Augustus Mitchell, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by S. Augustus Mitchell, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by S. AUGUSTUS MITCHELL, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. UNIVERSITY 0477179 ADVERTISEMENT. MITCHELL'S School Geography and Mitchell's School Atlas have been before the public more than twenty years. During all this time they have received a greater patronage than has ever been bestowed upon any other Geogra phy and Atlas published. Geography, as a science, is never stationary. Political Geography necessarily fluctuates with the national and governmental changes of the world, while Physical Geography is continually adding to its domain of ascertained facts concerning the condition of the globe. The aim of the Publishers of Mitchell's Geographies has been to keep both the book and the Atlas continually revised up to date. In preparing the present revised edition (which is printed upon new electrotype plates), this end has been kept steadily in view. The new States and Territories of the United States, the establishment of the Dominion of Canada, the new boundaries of some of the South American States, of Denmark and the Duchies, the acquisition of Savoy and Nice by France, the changes in Italy and the Ionian Isles, the remodelling of the Germanic Confederation, the Russian acquisitions in Asia, of the Kirguis country, and of the region around the Amoor River and south of it, extending more than 1000 miles 1 down the coast and opposite to Japan, the discoveries in Africa by Burton, Speke, Livingstone, and others, and the geographical results of the Arctic voyages of McClure, McClintock, Kane, Hayes, and Hall, are all noted in the book and delineated on the Atlas. The Geography has been carefully revised in other respects, and where progress has been made, or changes have occurred, they have been carefully noted in the text: so that the work sets forth strictly the Geography of to-day. In addition to careful revisions of the Atlas, three new full-page maps of new States and Territories have been given. The author and publishers, in presenting this newly revised edition to the public, desire to express their thanks for the unexampled patronage bestowed upon Mitchell's Series of Geographies, and they promise continued efforts to make these books even more worthy of the favor so generously shown to them. PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 1868. |