interspersed; soil gravelly, clay and sandy loam. The natural growth of wood is of various kinds, as oak, chestnut, hickory ash, maple, walnut, elm and whitewood, &c. The Chappequa hills in this town are worthy of particular notice. They begin near the great hill known by the name of the Buttermilk Mountain, and extend north-easterly four miles, terminating northward in the Kisco Mountain. These hills are very stony and rocky in general, but afford vast quantities of excellent timber. At the foot of the Kisco Mountain is situated the Westchester and Harlem railroad depôt. New Castle is exceedingly well watered by rivers, rivulets, and springs. The Saw Mill River (Nepera) takes its rise from two springs near the centre of the town, one of them situated on the land of Job Collins, the other on the property of Willett Kipps. The Bronx River (Aquehung) has its source in the Dark Valley of this town. The Mill River (Pocanteco) rises on the lands of Isaac Lownsberry.

There are two or three large ponds, which supply valuable mill seats. Kirby's Pond receives its waters from Simmons's Pond, while its outlet passes into the Pepemighting, or Kisco. Wampus Pond is situated on the boundary line between New and North Castle. This pond covers about fifty acres, and empties into the Byram (Armonck) River. Fish were never caught here until within a few years, when pike were put therein, which have multiplied exceedingly.a Upon the west side of Wampus Pond rises Prospect Hill, the property of Mr. Caleb Quinby. impossible to describe the variegated prospect that meets the eye from its summit; a more extensive view is not to be had in the town. Near this hill an iron mine was opened seventy-four years ago, but, the war commencing, put a stop to the project, which has never since been resumed.

It is

The Chappequa sulphur springs, which have acquired some celebrity, are situated "four miles northeast of Sing Sing. They

Ten years ago vast flocks of wild duck and geese used to frequent this pond. The Quinby family were among the first settlers of this part of New Castle, and descend from John Quinby, one of the patentees of the town of Westchester in 1664.

issue from a cleft in the rock, near the base of a hill about two hundred feet in height. The water, as it rises from the rocks, is transparent, but in its course deposites a reddish yellow powder. The salts held in solution are said to be sulphate of lime, chloride of calcium, and the muriate of iron, and manganese. The water is supposed to possess medicinal properties similar to those usually ascribed to sulphur springs."a

It is a singular fact, that sulphuretted springs are to be found at short distances from this spot to Fort Miller, in Washington county, a distance of a hundred and fifty miles.

In the northeast corner of the town lies the romantic valley of the Pepemighting,b through which the river of that name meanders in its passage to the Croton. This part of New Castle has been recently taken from the adjoining township of Somers.c

a Nat. Hist. of N. Y. Part iii. 141. Sulphuretted hydrogen is the gas evolved. b Misnamed the Kisco.

e Laws of N. Y. May 12, 1846. 69th Session, chap. 249. The Sutton family settled in this part of the town 104 years ago.

forty miles from Albany; bounded by Scarsdale on the north, by Mamaroneck and Scarsdale on the east, by Hutchinson's river and Pelham on the west, and on the south by the Sound.

This tract of land was originally included in the grant made by the Indians, in the year 1640, to the Dutch West India Company, but no settlement was actually commenced upon it until long after Thomas Pell's purchase, which occurred in 1654.b

The aborigines appear to have resided principally on Davenport's Neck, where they had a large settlement, denominated Shippa. Within a very short period there were old persons (living in the town) who could well remember when the neck was covered with Indian wigwams.c Of this the extensive "shell beds," on its southern shores afford conclusive evidence.

This image stone was discovered on the lands of John Soulice some few years since. Beneath it lay a smooth stone, (weighing 7 lbs.) resembling in shape a kidney, and encompassed with a circular grove.

b See Pelham.

Testimony of Mrs. Le Count, who died January, 1841, aged 105 years; also Mrs. Pine.