tion of the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland, in Doctrine, Worship, Discipline, and Government, against our common enemies; the Reformation of Religion in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland .. according to the Word of God and the example of the best Reformed Churches: And shall endeavour to bring the Churches in the three Kingdoms to . . . Uniformity in Religion, Confession of Faith, Church Government, Worship and Catechising . . . "That we shall in like manner, without respect of persons, endeavour the extirpation of Popery, Prelacy (that is Church Government by Archbishops, Bishops, . . . Deans, Chapters, Archdeacons, and all other Ecclesiastical Officers depending on that Hierarchy), Superstition . . . and whatsoever is contrary to Sound Doctrine . . . "We shall . . . endeavour, with our Estates and Lives, mutually to preserve the Rights and Privileges of the Parliaments and the Liberties of the Kingdoms: And to defend . . . the King's Majesty's Person and Authority in the preservation of the True Religion . . . ; that the world may bear witness with our conscience of our Loyalty, and that we have no thoughts nor intentions to diminish His Majesty's just Power and Greatness. "We shall also . . . endeavour the discovery of all such as have been or shall be incendiaries or malignants. . . by hindering the Reformation of Religion, dividing the King from his People, . . . or making any faction . . . contrary to this League and Covenant; that they may . . . receive condign punishment. ... ... "We shall also . . . assist and defend all that enter into this Covenant .; and shall not suffer ourselves . . . by whatsoever persuasion or terror, to be divided from this Blessed Union . . . or to give ourselves to a detestable indifference and neutrality in that which so much concerneth the Glory of God . . . ; but shall, all the days of our lives, zealously and constantly continue therein . . . against all lets and impediments whatsoever: And what we are not able ourselves to suppress, we shall reveal and make known that it may be timely prevented. All which we shall do as in the sight of God. . . . "And this Covenant we make in the presence of Almighty God, the Searcher of all hearts, with a true intention to perform the same, as we shall answer at that Great Day when the secrets of all hearts shall be disclosed: Most humbly beseeching the Lord . . . to bless our proceedings with such success as may be encouragement to other Christian Churches, groaning under . . . Antichristian Tyranny, to join in the same . . . Covenant, to the Glory of God. . . ." Any person refusing to "take the Covenant" was liable to be imprisoned till he did. § 25, PAGE 224. In his escape to the Scottish Army (then besieging Newark) in 1646 Charles had passed through this same district of Cambridgeshire. Finding the position of Oxford hopeless, with his own forces shattered and the Parliamentary armies closing in upon the town from all sides, the King cut off his hair and beard, and in the disguise of a servant, carrying the cloak-bag of the two faithful chaplains who accompanied him, stole away at three in the morning, on Monday, April 27, 1646, from the beleaguered city, which had been his headquarters for so long. A long day's ride brought the party that night to Wheathamstead, near St. Albans, where a faithful adherent was found to give him shelter, though the Parliament were proclaiming, with drum and trumpet, that "what person soever shall harbour and conceal, or know of the harbouring and concealing of the King's Person, and shall not immediately reveal it to both Houses, shall be proceeded against as a traitor, forfeit his whole estate, and die without mercy." The next day, Tuesday, in clerical attire this time, and with only one companion, Mr. Ashburnham, the hunted Monarch entered Cambridgeshire (avoiding the towns), and that night slept "at a small village, seven miles from Newmarket." This village, Mr. Kingston (to whose "Hertfordshire during the Civil War " I am indebted for this portion of my history) thinks may have been Bottisham, whence Charles could have reached Downham, his next stage, by water. CHAPTER X., § 6, PAGE 236. John Gibson's MS. tells us that in 1668, the Prevaricator, in his usual derision of Oxford humour (see p. 228), declared it to be as inferior to Cambridge wit as the Gazette is to a Newsletter. CHAPTER X., § 23, PAGE 244. Midsummer Fair derives its name from an immemorial custom, referred to in the "Liber Memorandorum Ecclesiæ de Barnwell." Speaking of the foundation of Barnwell Priory, the author says: "From the midst of the site there bubble up springs of fresh clear water, called by the English Barnewelle, the children's springs, because that once a year, on the Eve of St. John Baptist, boys and lads met there, and amused themselves in the English fashion by wrestling matches and other games, and applauded each other in singing and playing on instruments of music. Hence, by reason of the crowd of boys and girls who met and played there, a custom grew up that on the same day a crowd of buyers and sellers should meet in the same place to do business." ABBEY CHURCH, origin of, 141, 286 Abelard lectures on logic, 121 Acre, first measure of, 37 helps to build Ely, 51 Aidan converts Northumbria, 46 Alan of Walsingham builds Lan- Albans, St., home of Matthew Paris, 134 Charles I. conveyed there, 226 Alcock, Bishop of Ely, founds Alderman, original position of, 66 "Ales," 178 Alfred the Great, 3 edits Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 49 Anderida, utter destruction of, Andrew the Less, St., Cambridge, Andrewes, Master of Pembroke Bishop of Ely, 218 Angle-kin, first name of England, Anglo-Saxons, authority for name, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle edited by Anna, King of East Anglia, 47 Anselm, Archbishop of Canter- Antoninus, Itineraries of, 24 Architectural styles, 119 Aristotle, 164 Arithmetic, place in earliest Uni- "Army of the Church," 132 Arthur, King, source of some "Arts," original meaning of, 164 Assandun, battle of, 79 Augustinian Friars, 120, 141 Babraham, Vicar burnt for heresy, desecration of church, 216 "Bachelors," original meaning of Bailiffs of Cambridge incor- Baptists, 262 Bardney Moor, freebooters in, 149 Barnwell Priory founded, 110, 286 Barnwell Priory sacked by patriots, 140 position of, 141 sacked by rioters, 155 Assize of, 167 customs of, 285 Barons' War, 130 Barrington, features of Church, 5, British village at, 15 Bartlow church built by Canute (?), parson ejected by Puritans, Barton, rights of Templars in, 139 Basket-making a British industry, parish accounts (1498), 178 state of church (1685), 261 Battle Bridge, Boadicea's victory Bayeux tapestry, 74 Becket, Archbishop, portrait at Bedford, Dukes of, drain the Beer, Monastic, 285 Benedictines, the first monks, 48 used as College Chapel, 147 Beornwulf, King of Mercia, con- Bourne, desecration of church Boxworth, rights of Templars in, Brand Ditch, 14 Brandon, flint workings, 10 waterway to Ely, 74 Brentford, battle of, 78 Bridge Street, Cambridge, built, Brie, Abbey of, school for Eng- Briefs, Episcopal, 263 Brithnoth, Alderman of East buried at Ely, 71 benefactions to the Abbey, 74 British clans, 12 Bulls, Irish, 230 Bungay, fire at, 263 Burgh, Elizabeth de, founds Clare Burgraed, King of Mercia, an- Burrow Green, church desecrated parson ejected (1643), 219 Caer Grant, 25 Cæsar, Julius, 17 Cæsars in Diocletian system, 30 Caldecot, 219 Calixtus II., Pope, 176 Cam River, origin of name, 25 carriage by, 237, 249 fortified by William the Con- extends across the Cam, 115 dower of Queen Margaret, 138 Cambridge (University), origin, 121 early organization, 123, 125 eight first Colleges, 162-166 |