SHIELD, GOLDEN. See OUR LADY OF THE Thistle. SHIP AND ESCALLOP-SHELL. See DOUBLE CRESCENT. SHIP, or ARGONAUTS OF ST. NICHOLAS. See ST. NICHOLAS.

SICILIES, TWO, instituted 24th February, 1808, by Joseph Napoleon, to reward services rendered to the king and state, and as a recompense to such as had contributed to the conquest of the country. It was divided into three classes, consisting of fifty dignitaries, one hundred commanders, and six hundred knights.

Each member swears to sacrifice his life and fortune in defence of the crown and state.

The successor of Joseph Napoleon, Joachim Murat, continued the order, with some trivial alterations.

In 1815, King Ferdinand IV. upon being re-established on the throne of Naples, from political motives, preserved this order, and by decree, 4th June in that year, re-organized it, and changed the decoration.

On the 1st of January, 1819, the king declared that the knights of this order should exchange the decoration for that of the order of St. George of the Re-union.

The badge is, a star of five points, enamelled red, with golden balls on the points; upon a circular centre or, are three legs, conjoined at the thigh, surrounded with a blue fillet, bearing the words, Felicitate Restituta Kal: Sun: MDCCCXV: between the upper points is a fleurde-lis, ensigned with the regal crown, both of gold, from the top of which it is suspended by a ring from a red ribbon, with a broad blue border; in the centre of the reverse is a horse, salient to the sinister; and upon the fillet, In Sanguine Fœdus. See Pl. 14, fig. 14. It is worn scarfways from right to left, by the first class; by the second, from the neck; and by the third, from the button-hole.

The premier class likewise wear, on the left side, a silver star of a mullet form, with short rays between the points, terminating in a circular form: in the centre are two chaplets of laurel, conjoined, enclosing a fleur-delis, surrounded with a blue fillet, inscribed Pro Virtute Patria. See Pl. 14, fig. 8. SILENCE. See CYPRUS. SINCERITY. See RED EAGLE.

SLAVES TO VIRTUE. See LADIES SLAVES TO VIRTUE. SPUR OF NAPLES, founded in 1266, by Charles of Anjou, brother of St. Louis, King of Naples and of Sicily, to perpetuate the memory of the victory gained over Manfroi, and to recompense the nobility who declared in his

favour.

Spur, GoldeN. See GOLDEN Spur.

STAR OF THE NOBLE HOUSE, in France, instituted in 1351, by John II. King of France, in imitation of the order of the Garter, then lately established in England. At first, it consisted of thirty knights, including the sovereign, and continued in high esteem for a considerable time; but in the reign of Charles VII. the treasury was so exhausted by the expenses attendant upon the then war with England, that that prince was obliged to have recourse to extraordinary methods of procuring money, and, amongst other expedients, made the sale of this order subservient to that purpose; and being thus prostituted, it fell into disrepute, and was entirely discontinued in the reign of Louis XI. when the order of St. Michael was instituted in its stead.

The ensign of the order was four capital letters,

M.R AV, embroidered in gold, within a square; upon the left breast of the knight's garment, between the letters, a mullet of eight points, the poiut in base wavy and longer than the others: over the mullet, a crown composed of fleurs-de-lis and balls.

The collar was, three rows of gold chains, uniting roses, enamelled white and red, and placed alternately; from one of which was suspended a mullet. See Pl. 12, fig. 16.

The knights were obliged by oath to say daily the third part of the rosary, being fifty Ave-Maries and five Paternosters, in honour of the Virgin Mary; and also the following anthem, said to have been composed by the founder of the order.

1

Solem Justitiæ, Regem paritura supremum, Stella Maria Maris, hodie processit ad ortum. Cernere divinum lumen, gaudete fideles.

2

Stirps Jesse Virgam produxit, Virgæque florem, Et super hunc florem requiescit spiritus almus. Virgo Dei genetrix Virga est, flos filius ejus.

3

Ad Natum Domini nostrum Ditantis honorem,
Sicut Spina Rosam genuit Judæa Mariam,
Ut vitium virtus operiret, gratia culpam.

They were to conclude their devotion with a prayer of his wording, for himself and the kings his successors, which, translated, ran thus:

"Virtue and King of kings, at whose beck the heavens move, the earth stands, and ages roll, grant that King Robert, born of most noble race, may so subdue the haughty, and show mercy to those who submit, that, having reigned here gloriously, he may at length live in heaven. Amen."

The letters patent of Charles V. King of France, taken from Favin. Lib. III. p. 347.

"Charles, by the grace of God, King of France. To all such as shall see these our present letters, salutations. We make known that, in regard of the good relation which hath been made unto us concerning the Lords John de Roche-Chouard, and of John de Beaumont, gentlemen of our chamber, we have, this day, (in a good and gracious hour, we hope) given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, of our especial grace and favour, leave, license, and authority, that henceforward they may, and at their pleasure, bear la Royal Estoil in all battles, tournies, and combats, and in all fields, places, feasts, and companies, as they shall think fit to carry the

same.

Given at Paris, the 14th day of January, in the year of grace, 1376, and of our reign the eleventh. Signed by the King,

"DE SCEPEAUX." STAR, in Sicily, instituted in 1351, after the House of Anjou had been driven out of the kingdom of Naples, and Sicily fell again under the dominion of the King of Arragon. It was established instead of the order of the Crescent, which was then abolished; but in 1394, became extinct.

The badge was, an eight-pointed cross, surmounted upon the centre by a mullet of eight points. See Pl. 13, fig. 4.

top of which it is suspended by a ring from a yellow ribbon, edged with blue. See Pl. 13, fig. 7. It is worn scarfways from right to left. The first class likewise wear, upon the left side, a silver embroidered star, formed like the badge, omitting the regal crown, and having on the centre a sword, erect, argent, hilt and pommel or, between three ducal crowns of the last. See Pl. 13, fig. 9. The members of the second class, or commanders, wear a similar badge to the first, but somewhat smaller; and, instead of the star, wear, on the left side, an embroidered sword in silver, with the point upwards.

Those who pass from the third class to the second, wear two swords, in saltier, embroidered on the left breast.

The third class, or knights grand crosses, wear a similar badge to the first, but with swords, in saltier, above the ducal coronets in the principal angles; the circular centre being charged with a sword between three ducal crowns, as on the centre of the star before described. See Pl. 13, fig, 7. This badge is worn suspended from the neck.

The fourth class, or knights, wear a similar badge from the button-hole, but somewhat smaller. Upon particular ceremonial days, the badge is suspended to a collar of gold, composed of swords, sword-belts, and the guards of swords, conjoined by chains; on the swordguard is enamelled a helmet, blue. See Pl. 13, fig. 16. TABLE, ROUND. See ROUND TABLE. TEMPLARS, instituted in 1119, by Hugh de Peganes and Godfrey de St. Amor, who, with seven gentlemen, went to the Holy Land, and formed themselves into a brotherhood, for the protection of pilgrims resorting to the Holy Sepulchre, acting in concert with the Hospitalers against the Infidels, and guarding the Temple of Solomon; Baldwin II. King of Jerusalem, having, for their encouragement, assigned them lodgings in his palace adjoining, from which they were called Knights Templars.

Notwithstanding the assistance they received from Baldwin and the patriarch Guarimond, they were, for the first nine years, under the necessity of accepting the charitable donations of well-disposed persons. Pope Honorius, at the request of Stephen, Patriarch of Jerusalem, prescribed for them an order of life, whereby they were to wear a white garment, to which Pope Eugenius added a red cross. They made their vows in the presence of the before-mentioned patriarch, which were in obedience, poverty, and chastity, and to live under the rule of the regular canons of St. Augustine. When they were at war, their banner was the one-half white, and the other black, signifying, white and fair to Christians, but black and terrible to their enemies.

According to Dugdale, the Knights Templars wore linen coifs, (like the serjeants-at-law,) and red caps close over them; and on their bodies, shirts of mail, and swords girded on with a broad belt; over all they had a white cloak, reaching to the ground, with a cross on their left shoulder: they used to wear their beards of a great length, although most other orders shaved.

The Templars became numerous, and famous in enterprize by sea and land against the Infidels, and were highly favoured by the Christian princes, who assigned them great revenues. In process of time, they became exceedingly wealthy and powerful; and, joining the pope, withdrew themselves from the obedience of the Patriarch

of Jerusalem; but under their new master, being charged with some infamous crimes, their lands and possessions were seized upon and confiscated, their order suppressed, and they themselves imprisoned, condemned, and cruelly executed, unjustly, according to the opinions of many authors, merely as a pretext to gain their vast revenues, which Dr. Heylin states to have been not less than sixteen thousand lordships in Europe.

Dugdale states, that the first settlement of this order in England, was in Holborn, in Loudon; but their chief residence, in the reign of Henry II. was the Temple, in Fleet Street, which was erected by them, and the church, (built after the form of the Temple at Jerusalem) dedicated to God and our blessed Lady, by Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 1185.

On Wednesday after the feast of Epiphany, in 1367, 1st of Edward II. by the king's special command, and a bull from the pope, the Knights Templars were generally throughout England taken and thrown into prison; and, in a general council held in London, being convicted of various impieties, all their possessions were seized into the king's hands.

The order was condemned in a general council at Vienna, under Pope Clement V. in 1311; and by a general decree of the same pope, in the seventh year of his papacy, they were annexed and incorporated with the knights hospitalers.

The badge of the order was, a patriarchal cross, enamelled red, and edged with gold, worn at the breast pendent to a ribbon. See Pl. 14, fig. 4.

TEUTONIC ORDER, or KNIGHTS OF THE HOLY CROSS. This Prussian order is said to have originated in the piety of a German and his wife, who, in the time of the Holy War, lived in Jerusalem, and built there an hospital for the reception and maintenance of such pilgrims as were their own countrymen; and to which hospital, by the permission of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, they afterwards. added an oratory, dedicated to the Holy Virgin. Soon after, several German gentlemen contributed towards the enlargement of this charitable foundation; and, in 1191, they were joined by several merchants adventurers, who came from the Hanseatic towns of Bremen and Lubeck; whereupon, at the joint expense, they erected a most sumptuous hospital at Acre, and assumed the title of Teutonic Knights, or Brethren of the Hospital of Our Lady of the Germans at Jerusalem. Pope Caelestin III. gave them permission to elect a chief from amongst their own members; whereupon they unanimously nominated Henry de Wallpott, a person descended from an ancient and noble family, who, in 1191, had become a professed monk of the order of St. Augustine, and whose lineal descendants became reigning Counts of Passenheim; and the chief of that House is always a knight of the Teutonic Order.

These knights wore a white mantle, and had for their badge, which was worn at the breast, a cross potent sable, charged with another cross double potent or, surcharged with an escutcheon of the empire, the principal cross surmounted by a chief azure, semée of France. See Pl. 12, fig. 15.

The original badge assigned by the Emperor Henry VI. was a cross potent sable, to which John, King of Jerusalem, added the cross double potent gold; the Emperor Frederick gave them the imperial eagle; and St.

the badge with the chief azure, semée

mad, Duke of Suabia, invited the Teutonic Jaco Prussia, and assigned to them the territory Soon after, they grew very powerful, conquered , built the towns of Elbing, Marienburgh, Thorn, Put.c, and Koningsburg, and at length subdued Livoa. This prosperity was not, however, of long continuauce. The order became divided against itself; and the kings of Poland, benefitted by their dissension, Prussia revolted, and Casimer IV. received the homage of the kuights. At length Albert, Marquess of Brandenburg, grand master of the order, abjured the Roman Catholic religion, abdicated the grand mastership, subdued Prussia, and expelled such of the knights as refused to follow his example, and who retired to Mariendal, in Franconia. It was once the most powerful order in the universe; but became divided into two branches: the first, for Roman Catholics, who take the oath of celibacy, and had a house at Mergenheim, in Germany, wherein their affairs were transacted. The badge of this branch was, a cross patoace sable, thereon a cross dory or; over all, on the centre, an escutcheon gold, charged with an imperial black eagle. See Pl, 12, ig, 13. This badge was worn round the neck, pendent to a gold chain.

The other, or second branch of the order, had a house at Utrecht, in which the secretary resided; and as the ceremony of admission into this branch was somewhat singular, it may not be altogether unworthy of remark. The nobles of Holland who proposed a son, went to Utrecht, and entered his name upon the register, paying a large sum of money for the use of the poor maintained by the orice; and the person thus registered succeeded in rotation. When a knight died, the first on the list for adunssion was summoned to attend the chapter, and bring wich ham proof of his nobility for four generations, ou both the father and mother's side; and failing so to do, his name is struck out of the list.

The badge of this branch was, a cross pattee, enamelled white, surmounted with another, sabie; above the cross was a ball, twisted white and black. See Pl. 12, tet. It was wora pendent to a broad black watered ribbon round the neck.

the same cross was likewise embroidered on the left breast of the upper habit of each knight.

Like the onder of Malta, that of the Teutonic has Anights, chaplains, and serving brothers.

By the treaty of Prestbourg, bearing date 26th December, 1000, the grand mastership of this order is attached to the imperial House of Austria.

Tuister, W ST. ANDREW, in Scotland. This most anplout order, according to Joha Lesly, Bishop of Ross, in his History of Scotland, had its origin bright cross, in the form of that whereon St. Andrew the apostle wuttered martyrdom, which appeared in the heavens to Achains, King of the Scots, and Hungus, King of the Picte, the night before the battle fought between them and Athelstane, King of England, as they were upon the knees at prayer, when St. Andrew, their tutelary want, is said also to have appeared, and promised to these kings that they should ever be victorious when that sign appeared. The next day these kings gained the bottle over Athelstane; they afterwards went, in aulemu procession, barefooted, to the kirk of St. Andrew,

to return thanks to God and his apostle for the victory, making a vow, that they and their posterity would ever bear the figure of that cross upon their ensigns and banners. The place where this battle was fought, was in Northumberland; and it still retains the name of Athelstane's Ford.

Favin, in his Théâtre d' Honneur, says, that Achaius instituted this order on account of the famous league, offensive and defensive, concluded by him with Charlemagne ; whilst some have fixed the data of its foundation in the reign of Charles VII. King of France, when the amity was renewed between both kingdoms; and Nisbet gives the year 1500, as the period of its institution.

This order was revived in 1540, by James V. of Scotland, who had received from the Emperor Charles V. in 1534, the order of the Golden Fleece; in 1535, that of St. Michael, from Francis I. King of France; and in the year following, also that of the Garter, from Henry VIII. King of England, to commemorate which, he kept open court, and solemnized the several feasts of St. Andrew, the Golden Fleece, St. Michael, and St. George; and set up the arms of these sovereign princes, encircled with their respective orders, over the gate of his palace at Linlithgow, together with the order of the Thistle, or St. Andrew, as a mark of the high estimation in which he held these orders.

The sudden death of James V. of Scotland, the rebellion against Queen Mary, and the troubles which ensued in Scotland, nearly extinguished the order, which was greatly neglected, until again revived by King James II. of England and VII. of Scotland, who assigned the Royal Chapel at Holyrood-House, to be the chapel of the order, which, by his majesty's direction, was repaired for the purpose, having a fine organ, with stalls for the sovereign and knights-brethren, and their respective banners hung over them.

On the 29th of May, 1687, the king issued his warrant for letters patent to be made out and passed, per saltum, under the great seal of Scotland, for reviving and renewing the order of the Thistle; and, at the same time, promulgated a body of statutes and ordinances for regulating the same. These statutes ordain, inter alia, “That the habit of the sovereign and twelve brethren should be a doublet and trunk-hose of cloth of silver, stockings of pearl-coloured silk, white leather shoes, blue and silver garters and shoe-strings; the breeches and sleeves of the doublet decently garnished with silver and blue ribbons; a surcoat of purple velvet, lined with white taffeta, girt about the middle with a purple sword-belt, edged with gold, and a buckle of gold, at which a sword, with a gilded hilt, whereof the shell to be in form of the badge of the order, and the pommel in the form of a thistle, in a scabbard of purple velvet, should be placed. That over all should be worn a mantle or robe of green velvet, lined with white taffeta, with tassels of gold and green, the whole robe parsemines, or powdered over with thistles of gold; and that upon the left shoulder of such mantle should be embroidered, in a blue field, the image of St. Andrew the apostle, bearing before him the cross of his martyrdom of silver embroidery. That about the shoulders should be borne the collar of the order, consisting of thistles and sprigs of rue going betwixt; that in the middle thereof, and in the front, should hang the St. Andrew, in gold enamel, with his gown green, and

the surcoat purple, having before him the cross of his martyrdom, enamelled white; or, if of diamonds, consisting of the number of just thirteen; the cross and feet of St. Andrew resting upon a ground of green; and that the collar should be tied to the shoulders of the robe with a white ribbon. That on the days of solemu procession or feasting, where the sovereign himself is present, or his commissioner for that effect, the knights at these times of permission should wear upon their heads a cap of black velvet, faced up with a border of the same, a little divided before, wide and loose in the crown, having a large plume of white feathers, with a black aigrette, or heron's top in the middle of it, and the border of the cap to be adorned with jewels. That the sovereign's cap, for difference, should have two rows of diamonds across the crown thereof, in form of a royal crown. That the sovereign's robes should be of a length proportionable to his royal dignity, and the badge on the shoulder adorned with pearl, beside such other distinctions as he should think fit to appoint."

The same statutes then take notice, "That it was the ancient custom for the sovereign and knights brethren, on their daily appearance, to wear the jewel of the order in a chain of gold, or precious stones; and that the use of ribbons had been brought in since the most noble order of the Thistle was left off: and that chains are not now in use; and therefore they ordain and appoint the jewel of the said order to be worn with a purple blue ribbon, watered or tabbied. The jewel to have on the one side the image of St. Andrew, with the cross of his martyrdom before him, enamelled as above, or enriched with precious stones on the cross and round about; and on the back thereof, in enamel, on a blue ground, a thistle of gold and green, the flower reddish; with a motto written round it, Nemo me impune lacessit."

Lastly, these statutes direct, "That upon the left breast of the coat and cloak of each knight, shall be a badge of proportionable bigness, being St. Andrew's cross of silver embroidery, having on the middle thereof a circle of gold, thereon the motto of the order, in letters of blue; and on the centre thereof a thistle of gold upon a blue field."

In consequence of this revival, several new knights were created, and the order continued to flourish during the remainder of King James II.'s reign: but on his abdication, and the advancement of King William to the throne, the order was again laid aside, and continued dormant till the reign of Queen Anne, when the following statutes passed under the royal signet and sign manual for its revival, since which it has continued to flourish. Statutes and Orders of the most ancient Order of the Thistle, revived by her majesty Anne, by the grace of God, Queen of Scotland, England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Sovereign of the said Order, for the better regulating the proceedings and solemnities thereof, in all the circumstances thereunto belonging.

In the first place, we think fit to continue the ancient number of knights, to wit, twelve brethren, with ourself the sovereign of the said most noble order, to be the precise number of that order in all time coming.

That the sovereign's habit be such as they shall think fit at any time hereafter to appoint. That the habit of

The

the brethren of this order be a doublet and trunk, hose, cap, &c. as before described, with this difference, that the field and the motto be green instead of blue, with rays going out betwixt the points of the cross. jewel of the said order to be worn at a green ribbon over the left shoulder, cross the body, and tied under the right arm.

That her majesty and her royal successors, sovereigns of the said most ancient and most noble order of the Thistle, shall, in all time coming, wear the said order on the ribbon of the order of the Gaiter, or otherwise, in any manner that her majesty shall think fit, and shall wear the collar of the said order on the day of the feast of St. Andrew, being 30th November, yearly.

That the knights brethren of the said order shall wear their collars on all collar days, wherever the sovereign is, and within Scotland, by obligations, upon all days of public solemnities, whether the sovereign be there or

not.

That the collar days be the same ordinary collar days now observed by her majesty. That the collar, with the St. Andrew belonging to it, and the medal of the order, given by her majesty and successors, sovereigns of the said order, to the knights brethren thereof at their admission, be returned at their deaths to the sovereign.

The order is to have a great seal in the custody of the chancellor thereof, having on the dexter side St. Andrew's cross, and on the sinister the arms of Great Britain, as they are carried by us in Scotland, encircled with the collar of the order, having the image of St. Andrew hanging at it, with the motto of the order round the seal. On the other side, the image of St. Andrew, bearing the cross before him, with a glory round his head, written round, Magnum sigillum antiquissimi et nobilissimi ordinis Cardui.

That there be a secretary of the order, to transmit the sovereign's orders to the knights brethren, and that he attend her royal person for that effect. He shall have, on days of solemnity, a mantle of green satin, lined with white; on the left shoulder of which the badge of St. Andrew's cross. His ordinary badge is to be hung in a chain of gold, being a thistle of gold and green, upon two pens crossed saltierways, with the motto round about it, and an imperial crown upon the top. The lion shall have robes and badges upon the shoulder, conform to the secretary; in his hand his staff of office, and about his neck his badge, with the St. Andrew turned outward. The usher conforms to the secretary in all things, except his badge, which is to be two sprigs of rue, in form of St. Andrew's cross, vert, upon a white ground, upon which is a thistle of gold; and round it, the motto, upon which is an imperial crown; and in his hand the baton of his office.

Before any can be admitted to the most noble order of the Thistle, he must be a knight bachelor. Here follows the form of the oath to be taken by all, as shall be admitted into this order as brethren.

"I shall fortify and defend the true reformed Protestant religion, and Christ's most holy Evangel, to the uttermost of my power. I shall be loyal and true to my Sovereign Lady the Queen, Sovereign of this most ancient and most noble order of the Thistle. I shall maintain and defend the statutes, privileges, and honours of the said order. I shall never bear any treason about in my