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who were of the first rank in the kingdom. The badge
of the order was, a genet, sejant, enamelled az, spotted
or, freckled gu. collared gold, on a mount vert, enamel-
led with flowers ppt. This badge was worn pendent to
a collar, composed of three chains of gold, interlaced
with red enamelled uses, to the centre of which the
badge was affixed by two smaller gold chains. See Pl.
4. fig. 8.

GEORGE, ST. See Sr. GROUTES.
GERION, ST. See St. GRID.

Archduke of Austria, afterwards Emperor of Germany; apon which the sovereignty of the Low Countries, and the grand mastership of this order, passed to the House of Austria.

In 1556, after the abdication of Charles V. grandson of Maximilian, the Spanish branch of the House of Austria renmined in possession of the Low Countries, and confined grand masters of the order, till that branch of the family became extinct by the death of Charles II. King of Spain, when Philip, Duke of Anjou, and Charles, Arbide of Austria, disputed the Spanish crown, and assumed the grand mastership of this order. Carte could not maintain himself in the possession of Sair,

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GOLDEN ANDE,, or St. Grones, in July. This order and to here been instituted in $12, by Constantine the Goratty butt i ows is origin, with more probability. so the grines of the imperial house of Comms of the obtained the Spanish Netherlands, and whom it is said that thingy Jour have successively he grand masites of it. But how doubtful the pas

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Austrian and Spanish

1429, by Philip the
Brabant, and Earl of
marriage with his third
Portugal. The duke set
that he took for his motto
which, in the old French
Ave., I will wear none other;
cencraily observed in most
i on the Continent, the
cast te lastan branch of it,
tamilx or rank, it being
#the statute, that whoever is the
i swvereign, possesses, in virtue
equisie wich may eattle him to

of the order, which took place
AWINAR : in one of which
#cases of Fergundy should
b. the husband of the female inheriting
acters, sta be chief of the order.
in a Cares the Bold, Duke of Bur-
1. Mary, married Maximilian,

mediately exercised the right of conferring the order the Golden Fleece, on the fundamental principle of the original institution, that the grand mastership appertained unalienably to the prince in possession of the acou of Flanders; and upon which principle the Archduke Maximilian, in right of his wife, the heiress of Burgundy and Flanders; Philip the Handsome, King of Castle; the Emperor Charles V.; Philip II.; Philip III.; Philip IV.; and Charles II. kings of Spain, had all conferred this order, as actual possessors of the earldom of Flanders

Upon the return of Charles, Archduke of Austria, to Vienna, in 1713, from the Spanish Netherlands, (whither he had taken the archives of the order, upon his quitting Spain,) be celebrated the re-establishment of the order with great pomp; but Philip, Duke of Anjou, who had disputed with him the crown of Spain, and become sovereign of that kingdom, likewise declared himself grand master; and at the congress held at Cambray, presented a solemn protest against the Archduke of Austria, (who had become Emperor of Germany) exercising the prerogatives attached to the grand mastership, which, he enatended, appertained solely to the crown of Spain.

In the treaty signed at Vienna in 1725, it was agreed that each of them, during his life, should enjoy the titles assumed; but that their successors should assume none others, except those which appertained to the states which they really possessed; and among these titles, the grand mastership of the order was tacitly included. Ou the death of the Emperor Charles VI. Philip V. again presented a protest against the Archduchess Maria-Therésa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Duchess of Brabant, and Countess of Flanders, the eldest daughter and sole heiress of the emperor, for having transferred to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, her consort, ber claims or rights to the dignity.

In 1748, when peace was concluded by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, France proposed, that the dispute relative to this object should, on that occasion, be laid aside. Ferdinand VI. King of Spain, strenuously maintained, however, that the grand mastership belonged to Spain alone; and Maria-Thérésa holding the same clain in favour of the Emperor Francis I. the matter remained in statu quo, since the parties concerned would not come to any settlement.

Austria and Spain have since enjoyed an equal right, with respect to the creation of knights of this order.

The number of knights is not limited in Spain: but it has seldom exceeded seventy or eighty. On its first institution, it consisted of only thirty knights, including

the sovereign; and although the occasion of its institution has been the subject of controversy amongst autiquarians, it has ever been ranked with the most illustrious and distinguished orders of knighthood in Europe.

The knights usually wear a golden fleece pendent to a broad red ribbon round the neck, but on ceremonial days it is attached to a collar composed of double steels, interwoven with flint-stones emitting sparks of fire; the whole enamelled in their proper colours. The fusils are joined two and two together, somewhat resembling double B's, the cyphers of Burgundy; and the flint-stones represent the ancient arms of the sovereigns of Burgundy, of the first race, with their motto, Ante ferit quam flamma micet. The motto of the order is, Prætium non vilo laborum. See Pl. 4, fig. 19.

There are four great officers, viz. a chancellor, treasurer, register, and king of arms, called Toison d'or.

The Austrian part of the order is limited to fifty-one, the number appointed by Charles V.; but in all other respects, the statutes, insignia, &c. are exactly the same in both. The order underwent but little or no change during the space of nearly four centuries, excepting the augmentation of its number, and the substitution of a ribbon on ordinary occasions, instead of the collar, which was formerly worn daily, but afterwards only on particular festivals or days of ceremony.

The habit of the order consists of a long mantle and a cap of crimson velvet, which are lined with white lustring; the mantle is entirely bordered with the insignia of the order; viz. flint-stones and fire-steels disposed alternately: the former surrounded with sparks or flames of fire, and peudent gold fleeces, worked in rich embroidery. The vest and small-clothes are of plain white silk.

GOLDEN LION, of Hesse-Cassel, instituted 14th August, 1770, by Frederick II. Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, K.G. who married the Princess Mary, daughter-of his Britaunic Majesty George II.

The reigning Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel is invariably sovereign grand master. The badge, prior to 1815, was a lion ramp. within a ring or broad fillet of gold, of an oval form, inscribed on one side with the motto, Virtute et Fidelitate; and on the other, Fredricus II. D. G. Hessia Landgravius Inst. 1770. See Pl. 4, fig. 20.

The order, which is both civil and military, was at first composed of only one class, limited to the number of forty-one knights; but on the first of June, 1816, the Elector, Willian I. added a second class, for admission of persons of less elevated rank; the first being of high birth, occupying some important office, and with military men not conferred under the rank of lieutenant-general, and who must have previously obtained the order of Military Virtue. The badge before described, was borne by the grand crosses scarfways from right to left, pendent to a broad deep crimson-coloured watered ribbon. The commanders wearing it suspended from around the neck.

The grand crosses likewise wear a silver star of eight points, the four central rays of which are somewhat longer than the angular ones: in the middle, on an azure field, is the Hessian lion ramp. barry of ten, ar. and gu. encircled with a fillet of deep crimson-coloured velvet, with the motto, Virtute et Fidelitate, embroidered in silver letters. See Pl. 4, fig. 7. This star is worn on the left side of their mantles, or upper garments; the

habit of the order being of the ancient German knightly

costume.

In 1816, another badge was given to the grand crosses, viz. a golden cross of eight points, enamelled gu. with a bordure ar. ; on a circular centre, also ar. a lion ramp. or, with an imperial crown over the head, surrounded with a fillet of crimson, bearing the inscription, Virtute et Fidelitate, encircled with eight points, or rays, az. the cross suspended from a crown of gold, attached by a ring from a broad red ribbon. See Pl. 5, fig. 1. And to the commanders a similar badge, the centre being ovalshaped instead of circular, omitting the rays round the fillet, and the crown over the cross. See Pl. 5, fig. 5. GOLDEN SHIELD. See OUR LADY OF THE THISTLE. GOLDEN SPUR, in Rome. An order supposed to have been instituted in 1559, by Pope Pius IV. They are styled in the brevet of nomination, Chevaliers de la Malice Dorée; and at other times, Comtes-Palatins du sacre Palais de Latran; but no benefice nor pension is attached to the order. It is granted as a mark of distinction, to those employed in the pontifical government, artists, and others, whom the pope should think deserving of reward. It is likewise given to strangers, no other condition being required but that of professing the Catholic religion.

The pope's nuncio; the prelates, members of the supreme court; and some other Roman prelates, have each the right of nominating two knights of the Golden Spur.

The badge of the superior class is, an eight pointed cross, with a pointed ray between each of the principal angles; and on the upper limb, Bene; dexter limb, Mer; and on the sinister, enti. The limbs on the reverse bearing Ex Dono, with the name and date when presented. On the top of the cross, an imperial crown, (by which it is attached to trophies of war, affixed to a red ribbon) and at the bottom of the badge is a small spur; the whole being of gold, and worn round the neck. See Pl. 5, fig. 3.

The smaller badge, which is worn from the button-hole pendent to a narrow red ribbon, is of the same form but the cross is enamelled white, without inscription, and is suspended by a ring from the top of the crown, and not from trophies, as in the larger. See Pl. 4, fig. 21.

The superior class of the order likewise wear a silver star, with rays, in the form of the badge; on a circular centre azure, bordered with white, is a golden spur, surrounded with a red fillet, edged with gold, bearing the inscription, Bene. Mer. enti, in letters of the same metal. See Pl. 5, fig. 7.

GOLDEN STOLE, or STOLA D' ORO, of Venice, an order conferred by the Senate of the Republic of Venice on persons descended from the oldest nobility of the state, or those who have filled with honour the important post of ambassador on some extraordinary occasion.

These Cavalieri della Stola d' Oro, or Knights of the Golden Stole, are so called on account of the decorations they wear, which consists of a stole of gold tissue, richly embroidered with flowers of gold in relief. It is of the breadth of the hand, worn over the shoulder, and hanging down before, as low as the knees. The knights likewise wear a habit, called a ducal robe, consisting of a long gown of red stuff, taffeta, or damask, with long sleeves reaching to the ground. Their under garments are of crimson; and in winter, the robe was lined and turned

my Watch Hìch this. They were formerly obliged to wear this habit during eight days following their promotion, And to attend on the person of the Doge, or pay a fine et Ave hundred ducats; but in 1631, this custom was elispensed with, and the habit only worn on particular weremonial days. On other occasions, they clothed themselves as they pleased; but always wearing a long surtout over their usual apparel, which in summer was matie of crimson lustring or taffeta; and in winter, of cloth or velvet, made fast round the waist with a fringed girle of the same, with buttons of gold; wearing a thy the embroidered stole before described. The cloth, with silk fringe, and ined with zaffen, ul bars, like that worn by other persons of distnetton. GRIFFIN. The order of the Griffin, culet Fortia, s said to have been ustnitted u 1gitk ze kunonso, King of Naples: the partenius dé viich we unknown, or when it ceaset 1 CESL

GrELPER. Ths Butoveina arvier was funded 12 Ang. 35-25. 3a his possent Majesty George IV then Prince Regent, a ormimemorate de musing of Hanover into a Engram, uht is almsson nto the gumber of sovemegi sutes it s mentes o reward those persons, wii kave zerfürnet uw signal service to their sing and COUNTY, WIRIQUE in imitation of number. It derives is made to that of the tovai family of England, whose ancestres have dug possessed the sovereignty of Hanover, and, as escy as the time of Charlemagne, were distingusted as Counts of Actorf.

The King of Hanover is grand master of the order, which is composed of three classes, and into which boch eivi and military men are admitted; viz. grand crosses, commanders, and knights. The military grand crosses must, before admission, have attained the rank of lieutenant-general at least; and the commanders, that of major general; but the third class, or knights, are without restriction as to rank.

The minister of the court of Hanover, in London, is chancellor of the order: the senior privy-counsellor in Hanover, is vice-chancellor; and the secretary of chancery in Hanover, resident in London, is secretary of the order.

A chapter is held once a year to decide the claims of candidates for admission. No usual service, however exemplary and bonourable, constitutes a claim to this distinction; but only such exploits as are out of the regular course of duty, and which might have been omitted without incurring any blame.

The arms of all the members of the order are placed in the chapel of the castle of Hanover, and in the hall of the knights.

The badge of the military grand crosses, military commanders, and military knights, only differ in size, according to the class, and is, a golden cross of eight points; on the top of the upper limb are two swords in saltier, and above them, the Hanoverian crown, by which it is suspended from the collar or ribbon: between the principal angles of the cross, are four lions passant, guardant, the two in chief, and those in base respecting each other; on a circular centre gules, a horse, current, argent, upon a mount vert, encircled with a fillet azure, bearing the motto, Neo aspera terrent, in letters of gold, and surrounded with a chaplet of laurel vert. See Pl. 4, fig. 9. On the reverse, on à centre, is a double cypher of G. R.

ensigned with the crown; and upon the bottom of the fillet, which is of gold, the year of its foundation, viz. MDCCCXV, as in the same Pl. fig. 12.

The badge of the civil grand crosses, commanders, and knights, are also alike; but differing only in size, according to the class. This badge has the crown on the top of the upper limb of the cross, without the swords,

which it is suspended; and excepting that a wreath of ma-taxes is substituted in the place of the laurel chaplet, the whole is every way similar to that of the military members of the order before described. See Pl. 4, fig C The badge, on ordinary occasions, is worn by the grand crosses penitent from a sky-blue-coloured ribbon seartways from left to right; and commanders suspend the badge from the riboca worn round the neck. The badge of a knight is worn pendent by a sky-blue ribbon and goid buckle from the button-bole. See Pl. 4, fig. 16. The coilar, which is worn by the grand crosses, both civil and military, is of gold, formed alternately, first, of the royal crown of Hanover, with a lion passant, guardant, on either side; and secondly, of a double cypher G. R.: these are linked together by small chains, and from the centre crown is suspended the badge. See Pl. 4, fig. 2.

The star worn by the military grand crosses, is of eight points, orrays, embroidered in silver, surmounted by two swords of gold in saltier, the hilts and blades forming the centre of the four angular rays; on the middle of the star is the horse argeut, on a mount vert, in a field gules, encircled with a fillet azure, bearing the motto, Nee aspera terrent, and surrounded with a chaplet of laurel vert. See Pl. 4, fig. 10.

The star of the civil grand crosses differs from the last, in the omission of the swords in saltier, and a wreath of oak-leaves being substituted in the place of the chaplet of Laurel. See Pl. 4, fig. 11.

The starporn by the military commanders, is, a silver cross of eight points, with two swords in saltier, the hilts and blades appearing between the principal angles; the centre of the cross being the same as that in the star of the military grand crosses. See Pl. 4. fig. 14.

The star of the civil commanders differs from the last, in the omission of the swords, and the substituting a wreath of oak instead of the laurel chaplet. See Pl. 4, fig. 15.

The first and second classes encircle their arms with the ribbon and motto, surrounded by the laurel or oak chaplet, to denote whether military or civil members; and the grand crosses likewise encompass the arms with the collar.

HAPPY ALLIANCE OF SAXE-HILDBURGHAUSEN. This order was instituted 1st October, 1749, by his serene highness Frederick Christian-Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, to commemorate his nuptials with Louisa, Princess royal of Denmark, daughter of Christian VI. and of the Princess Sophia-Magdalena, of Brandenburgh-Bayreuth, who instituted the order of

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the extremities are surmounted with two regal crowns; on the upper quarters are the cyphers of the duchess, L. L. likewise in gold letters, and the extremities are each surmounted with a ducal crown, of red enamel, turned up ermine. In the four principal angles, is a radiant glory of gold, and in the middle an escutcheon of gold, on which are the arms of Saxony, impaled with those of Norway. On the reverse of the centre, is a star; on the upper and lower quarters of the cross are engraven the words, Fidelité et constance, the motto of the order; and on the lateral quarters, 1st October, 1749, the date of the foundation. The badge is worn pendent round the neck from a rich, rose-coloured, watered ribbon, of the breadth of two fingers, with a narrow bordure of silver.

HATCHET, LADIES OF THE ORDER OF THE, instituted in 1149, by Raymond Berenger, Count of Barcelona, in honour of the women of Tortoza, who had saved the town, and repulsed the Moors who besieged it. The badge was a small hatchet.

HELMET, or IRON CASQUE. This order was instituted 18th March, 1814, by George William, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, on a plan similar to that of the Iron Cross of Prussia, to recompense faithful services rendered during the war of 1814.

The order was divided into three classes; viz. grand crosses, commanders, and knights, of the first and second class.

No person could attain the first class of this order, without having passed successively through the inferior classes; nor could any one be nominated to the first class but general officers, who had commanded the Hessian troops in battle, or taken or defended some post of importance, or for some other brilliant achievement.

The order has not been given to any person since the conclusion of the war (for which it was purposely created) aud no grand crosses were ever made of this order.

The badge was, a cross botonnée of iron, edged with silver, on the centre of which was an open-fronted helmet of the same metal, garnished with silver. It was suspended by a ring from a red ribbon edged with blue, and worn at the button-hole on the left side. See Pl. 5, fig. 2.

HENRY, ST. See ST. HENRY.

HERMENEGILDE, ST. See ST. HERMENEGILDE.
HOLY CROSS. See TEUTONIC ORDER.

HOLY GHOST, in France. This order was instituted on Whitsunday, in 1578, by Henry III. King of France; a day particularly auspicious to him, from having, on that day, in 1573, been elected King of Poland; and in the following year, on the same day, succeeded to the throne of France, on the death of his brother, Charles IX.

On the first institution of the order, the king conferred upon the knights the title of commanders, it being his majesty's intention to bestow on each of them a commandery, assigned upon the ecclesiastical benefices, in the same manner as practised in Spain; but the pope and clergy refused their consent to the measure.

The king declared himself grand master, and annexed that dignity to the crown of France; but owing to the civil wars which distracted the kingdom, during the reign of this prince, the order was considerably diminished. King Henry IV. renewed it in 1590, and augmented and embellished its characteristic ensigns. The

order is, in France, simply desiguated, Le Cordon bleu.

The principal festival was observed on the 31st Dec.; the king and the knights formerly assembling in the church of the Augustins, at Paris, at two o'clock in the afternoon.

The collar of the order, on its first institution, was composed of a fleur-de-lis or, cantoned with flames of the same, enamelled gules, interspersed with three cyphers, or monograms, of gold, composed of the letters H and L, enamelled white; being the initials of the founder's name, and that of his wife, Louisa of Lorrain ; but Henry IV. altered the cypher into a trophy of arms.

The collar worn by the knights and lay-commanders, is now composed of fleurs-de-lis or, cantoned with flames enamelled gu.; an open helmet, surrounded with military trophies, enamelled ppr.; and the letter H, surmounted with the crown, and with ducal coronets on each side, in gold, cantoned with flames; the which devises are alternately linked together by golden chains. See Pl. 5, fig. 11.

The badge is a gold cross of eight points, enamelled, with an edge or border of white, with a fleur-de-lis in each angle or; on a circular centre vert, a dove ar. the wings, tail, and head, (downwards) extended over part of the principal quarters of the cross. See Pl. 5, fig. 4. On the reverse of the cross, is represented St. Michael, trampling on the dragon, all ppr. This cross is attached to the collar; but on ordinary occasions, worn by the lay commanders and knights, pendent to a sky-blue coloured ribbon, scarfways from right to left; but officers who are not commanders, and ecclesiastic commanders, wear it pendent from the neck; and the badge has a dove on each side, and not St. Michael and the dragon on the reverse, as that worn by the lay-commanders and knights. The star is of silver, formed exactly like the cross. See Pl. 5, fig. 14. It is worn ou the left side of the upper garment, by all the members of the order.

On particular ceremonial days, the under dress of a knight is of white silk and silver tissue; over it, is a long mantle of black velvet, lined with rich orange-coloured tabby. This mantle is bestrewed with gold flames in embroidery, and surrounded with a bordure, composed of fleurs-de-lis of gold and silver lacs d'amour, and other ornaments, ranged alternately; besides which, they wear a short green mantle of cloth, of silver; it is bestrewed with doves in silver embroidery, and lined with rich orange-coloured tabby. The device, or motto, is, Duce et auspice.

The number of persons admitted into the order is, by the statutes, limited to one hundred, exclusive of the sovereign, or grand master. Of these, four cardinals, four archbishops or bishops, and the grand almoner of France, are styled commanders, and are of no other order.

The knights must profess the Roman Catholic religion, and cannot enter the service, or receive pension, pay, or estates, from any foreign prince, nor make engagements with any person, without especial permission from the king. They must likewise prove the nobility of their descent for one hundred years; but this proof is unnecessary with commanders, whose offices or honours are commonly sold at a regulated price. For admission as a knight, it is necessary that the person should have attained the age of thirty-three years, and have beeL

Rest admitted into the order of St. Michael; but although
this testin tim, as to age, does not apply to princes of
the blood, even such cannot be admitted until they have
been received into the order of St. Michael; the dauphin
Pxcepted, who, on the day of his birth, is considered of
The commanders, if ecclesiastics, are
both onders.
valled Commandeurs de l' Ordre du St. Esprit; if lay-
men, Commandeurs des Ordres du Roy; and the knights,
Chevaliers des Ordres du Roy.

The kings of France are, unalienably, sovereigns, or grand masters, of this order; but cannot exercise the fauctions until after coronation, when he is installed sovereign of the order, with much ceremony,

The revenues arising from the Drut di mure d'or, were appropriated to its order, and every knit and commander received a pension sudicem a pay his pultax, or capitation, and, bem considered as the tr mobility, were rated acourcing, and wet at are thousand lowres tournois.

The ouch and wom made in the Ling. W.. Sens be the grace of Got, King vẻ France ant a Foun do SOWEILUNA SVET and SD, DE 15 10. 11 our lianos, 20 Cent the Creatut aine unt de the hot Chibur and arstuk fa un ricoL, IS U SVEN FINE KIC most (irisan ang I lentos, uni Taller u de 1:1 V-sw-ir as uma fe Jain as in there. es at the urter u te Sur Shes, tourist and asant M IS VERME suferie tu strik lah. ☛ Coast.

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cially to go into the service of any strange prince, without your command. And I will never take pension, wages, nor benefit, of any other king, prince, potentate, or lord whatsoever, nor bind myself to the service of any other person living, but to your majesty only, except it be by your express permission.

7. That I will faithfully reveal to you whatsoever I shail know hereafter to import your service, the estate and conversation of this present order of the Holy Ghost, wherewith it hath pleased your majesty to honour me.

8. That I will never consent, nor ever permit, (so much as in me lieth) that any thing shall be innovated or attempted against the service of God, nor against your ral authority, nor to the prejudice of this order, which I w labour to my uttermost power to augment and

9. That I will keep and observe, most religiously, all the statutes and ordinances thereof.

19. That I will continually wear the cross upon my uppermost garments, and that of gold, about my neck, as I am enjoined by the statutes.

11. And that I will be personally present at all the assembles and general chapters of the order, so often as you shall pucase to command me; or else acquaint you w.21 my just excuses, which I shall never hold for good or If except they be approved and authorized by your majesty, will the advice of most part of the commanders, VLCI shal be Dearest to take knowledge of them; signed with your reyal hand, and sealed with the seal of the urner, whereof I am to have an act. All these things I wow and swear, so help me God, and on this book of his Liesset evangelists.

pus behaller BY GEOST. This order was instituted at Montpellier, in France, in 1198, under the appellation of Hospitalers, 1a Coum Gry, to relieve sick and poor; and Pope InDicen lå formed, at the celebrated hospital of St. Mary at home, a sillalar establishment, under the direction of the shot cour. These hospitalers were soon afterwards changet ime military knights; but the office of grand masit became a subject of dispute, which contributed u the decay of the order; and Clement XIII. united it as the cover of St. Lazarus. The badge was a cross of rogove pours, enamelled, az. the centre circular, and on int a towe, with wings expanded, the head downwards, ar. See P. &, àg. 10.

°སྨྲས《

FOLY GHOST, in Italy, an order instituted in 1207. The ingtis fasowed the rule of St. Augustine; and are said ze Lave worn a plain cross pattée for their badge. mosod ar now. HoLY GHOST, in Naples; or, De l'Ordre du St. Esprit

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ax Droit Desir. See KNOT.

HOLY GHOST, in Spain. See DOVE.

g & Na BỰA AVAor a mipers., HOLY PHIAL, OF DE LA SAINTE AMPOUILLE, called also

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the Order of St. Remi. This order was instituted in 4989, by Clovis, King of France; the reigning kings being always sovereigns of this order; and the knights conpanions only four in number, an honour which has been generally conferred on Barons Terrier, Belstre, Venstre, and Louverse, who stile themselves baron knights of the Holy Phial, and are the bearers of the canopy under which the Phial is carried from the abbey of St. Remi to the cathedral of Rheims, for the inauguration of the kings of France at their coronation. They wear, pendent to a black ribbon around their necks, a cross of gold, enamelled white, cantoned with four fleurs-de-lis; on the

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