of, 104; viscounty of, 104; surrendered to Philip Augustus as surety (1193), 149, 161, 281 n., 295, 346 n. ; entrusted to John, 147; designed by Philip as part of his sister's dowry, 159; be- sieged by Richard, 159; besieged by Philip (1202), 222, 244, 506; the siege raised, 224-5, 228; holds out against Philip (1203), 370, 377, 378; alliance of Rouen with, 384; surrenders to Philip (1204), 387, 506; other refer- ences to, 219, 224 n., 225, 237, 262, 269, 274, 275, 276 n., 280, 281, 282, 292, 295, 388, 511.
officials of; see William Martel, John of Rouvrai, Geoffrey of Sai, Robert of Stuteville, Richard the chaplain. See also Caux
Arras (Atrebatum, Pas-de-Calais), 135; besieged by Baldwin of Flanders (1197), 179
arrière-ban, the, 56 n., 310-312 and notes Arson, 96 and n.
John, 224 and n., 225, 226, 228, 360, 455; imprisoned at Falaise, 231-2, 455-6; negotiations for release of, 231; John's warning concerning, 231 and n.; removed to Rouen, 232, 457, 467; legal position of, 232 n.; uncertainty about fate of, 456-7; policy of Philip Augustus concerning (1203), 235; Philip convinced of his death (1204), 383, 459; murder of, 468, 470, 476 and n.; evidence upon death of, 453 seqq; the traditional story, 454; the Breton story, 455; the statement of Louis's proctor (1216), 462; Margam story, 463-476 passim; the papal view concerning, 460, 474-5; not a popular hero, 460; deals with the dispute between Dol and Tours, 186 n.; references to death of, 105, 247, 392, 395 n.; other references to, 22, 23, 112, 121, 193 and n., 195, 199 n., 206, 207, 218 n., 247, 380. See also Con- stance, Eleanor of Brittany Artificers, 332; see Engineers
Arthur, King, discovery of bones of, Artois, dowry of Isabella of Hainault,
at Glastonbury, 464; as hero of
‘Angevin” nationalism, 440
Arthur, count or duke of Brittany, son of Geoffrey and Constance, accepted at one time as Richard's heir, 132 and n., 464; Richard and (1198), 181 n. ; suggested as Richard's successor, 194; recognised in Anjou and Maine (1199), 195, 196; taken to Paris by Philip, 196 n.; Philip's demands on behalf of, 198; John makes terms with (Sep. 1199), 199; position of, defined by the treaty of le Goulet, 200 and n.; does homage to John, 204; in Philip's care, ibid.; relations of John and Philip with (1202), 223, 455, 477-9; knighted by Philip, 198 n., 223; William des Roches and, 205; besieges Mirebeau, 36, 223-4; defeated and captured by
gradually added to France, 134-5 Arundel, earldom of, Norman lands of, confiscated by Philip Augustus, 403; earl of, 249 n. ; see William of Aubigni
assisia castellaniae, 271 n.
Assize, in sense of session, 79 n., 86 n.; possessory, 86, 87 n.; see recognition Assize of Arms, 34, 311 n., 331; observed in Poitou, 34 n., 297; copied in France, 327; references to, in reign of John, 310 n.
Astarac, counts of, 31 Athée, Athies (Girard)
Aube Merle, 323 n.; see Aumâle Aubri, 260 n.
Auch (Gers), archbishopric of, 30; see Gascony
Aufai (Alphai, Auffay, arr. Dieppe), | auxilium exercitus, 321-4; right to, in a
commune of, 238 n., 313 n.; barony of, 486
Aufai (John, Richard)
Auge, 487; bailiwick of, 108; viscounty of, 108, 117, 488; see also Oximin, new bailiwick of; Pont-Audemer, Bertram, William de Mara Augum, see Eu
Aumâle (Alba Malla, Alba Marla, arr. Neufchâtel), occupied by Philip (1193), 146; honour of, occupied by Hugh of Gournai as Philip's vassal (1194), 161; restored to Richard, 165; defeat of Richard at, and capture of, by Philip (June 1196), 165-6; prisoners captured by Philip at, 166 n. ; position of, defined in treaty of le Goulet (1200), 203 n.; refugees in Rouen from (1204), 384, 386; castle of, granted to Renaud, count of Boulogne (1202-4), 166 n., 220 n., 402 n., 486; other references 370 to, 220 n., 221, 274, 323 n., 332 n., Baldwin of
Aunis, great fief" of, 42
Aunon-le-Faucon (arr. Argentan), honour of, in Normandy, 486-7; Somerset family of, 487
Austria, duke of, 159; see Leopold
Auvergne, 14; early counts of, 14 n.; appeals from barons of, to French kings, 26; old centre of Aquitaine, 28; viscounts of, under dukes of Aquitaine, assume title of count, ibid.; bishop of Clermont and counts of, 29; King Richard surrenders rights over, 131
auxilium vicecomitis, 61, 63 n., 64 and n., 81 n.; in Mortain, 71 n., 113; see graveria
avenagium, 284 n. Avranches (Abrincae, Manche),
deaconries of diocese of, 50 and n.; diocese of, 273; Henry iii demands diocese of (1229), 396 n.; castle and city of, 114-5; unfarmed demesne at, 299 n.; entrusted to Randle of Chester (1203), 379 and n.; captured by the Bretons (1204), 379, 381; count of, 51 and n.; other references to, 365, 372
Avranchin, the, 380, 512; tenants of, 62; inquest into ducal rights in, 68 and n.; barons of, at judicial assize, 79 n.; viscounties in the pagus of, 50; hereditary viscounty of, 74 n., 115, 117, 379, 491; its pleas, 118; called a prepositura, 74 n., 115; baili- wick of, 114-5; keeper of the pleas in, 88 n.; under the French kings, 400 n.; bailiff of, 254 n.; see Geoffrey Duredent
hereditary viscount of, 63; see Chester, Randle
Avre, river, 146, 202, 265-275 passim, 292, 293 n.; part of Norman frontier, 257, 273, 274; earthworks constructed by Henry ii along, 274 and n.; de- fended by fortresses, 292
Avrilli (Avrilliacum, arr. Evreux, c. Damville), prepositura of, 306 Aymeri of Narbonne, legend of, 58 n. Azai-le-Rideau (arr. Chinon), 148
bachelerii, 329; see Bachelors
auxilium, use of term in Normandy, Bachelors, the class of, 329, 330; en-
dowment of, with lands, 330 and n.
Bacquepuits (Bakepuid, arr. Evreux),
Bailiffs, the Norman, and pleas of the sword, 87 n.; the itinerant judges and, 88; inquiries into exactions of, 88 and n. See Normandy Bailiwicks, the Norman, 68 and n. ; and the archdeaconries, 50; English shires compared with, 51 and n.; list of, 103-116; Henry ii's organisation of, 71 seqq; administration of justice in, 80, 116; rearrangement of, after 1204, 400 seqq; French administration of, ibid.
Bailloul (Richard) Baiocassinus, see Bessin Bakepuid, see Bacquepuits Baldoin of Jerusalem, 290 n. Baldwin v, duke of Hainault, and viii, count of Flanders (died 1194), marries sister of Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders (q.v.), 133; Philip Augustus marries daughter of, 133-4; count of Flanders, jure uxoris (1191), 135 and n.; Philip Augustus makes an alliance with, 134-6; a prince of the empire, 135; importance of, in 1191-3, 136; relations of Richard with, 136, 141; isolated, 136. See Baldwin ix, Isabella, Margaret Baldwin ix, count of Flanders, and vi, duke of Hainault, afterwards em- peror of Constantinople, son of Bald. win of Hainault (q.v.), 135 n., 158, 174 n., 214 and n., 428; a vassal and ally of Richard, 141, 167; makes peace with Henry of Brabant (1195), 141; supports Philip Augustus (1196), 177; won over by Richard, 177-8; treaties of Richard and John with (1197), 178-9 and notes; supports Otto of Brunswick, 178; besieges Arras,
179; temporary submission to Philip of (April, 1198), 181 n.; alliance of John with (1199), 206 n.; position of, defined in the treaty of le Goulet (1200), 201; becomes emperor of Constantinople, 390; uncle of, 214 n.; chancellor of, 214 n.
Baldwin of Béthune, count of Aumâle, 486; character of, and devotion to Richard of, 164; sent to Austria, 164-5; becomes count of Aumâle, 165; accompanies John to England (1203), 249 n.; in Normandy (1204), 382 n.; advises John on an important matter, 434-5; wife of, 165
Baldwin, constable of Boulogne, 259 Baldwin, chamberlain of Flanders, 328 n.
Baldwin Rastell, husband of Juliana of Tillières, 516
Baldwin Wake, heir of Négreville,
stays in England, 507 Baldwin, see also Baldoin balistae, 308, 333 and n. balistarii, 292 n., 332-5; different senses of the word, 333; in Radepont, 376; grants in Normandy to Philip's, 404 n. See arbalisters, engineers ballia, baillia, 63; appearance of term, 66, 67; and viscounty, 74 Ballon (arr. le Mans), 199 n.; destroyed by Philip, 199
Bapaume (Bapalmae, Pas-de-Calais, arr. Arras), 135
Baqueville (Bakevilla, arr. Dieppe), fief of, 487 and n. See Martel Bardolf (Hugh, Thomas) Barfleur (Barbefluvius, arr. Cherbourg), 246 n., 264 and n., 372, 381; farm of, 114; prepositura of, 264 n.; passage to, 336 n.; Richard lands at (1194), 148, 149; John leaves Normandy from
(1203), 249 and n.; favour shown by | Baudri of Longchamp, son of Stephen
Henry i to the shipping of, 395
Barils, les (c. Verneuil), 515 n.
Barneville (Eleanor)
Barnstaple (Devonshire), fief of, 518 Baronage, Norman, sense of unity among the, 49; and the rebellion of 1173, 269; division between the An- gevin kings and, 439 seqq; cleavage in, after 1204, 411, 423, 434-5, 482 seqq; consequences of cleavage in, 444 seqq. See Baronies, barons Baronies, indivisibility of, 58, 445; service of those which contained both English and Norman fiefs, 314, 315; cases of such, after 1204, 482.
Barons, Norman, and Philip Augustus after 1204, 385-6, 403
barra de Neelfa, 105; see Neaufle
Barres (William des)
of Longchamp, Norman inheritance of, 490 and n., 491
Baugé (Balgeium, Baugiacum, Maine- et-Loire), built by Fulk Nerra, 36; town of, ibid. Bavelingham (James)
Bayeux (Baiocae, Calvados), arch- deaconries of diocese of, 50 and n.; parts of Oximin in diocese of, 77, 108; service due by bishops of, 120 n. ; knight service of bishops of, 54 n, 56 n., 324 n.; pleas of the sword and bishops of, 83 n.; castle and preposi tura of, 110; surrenders to Philip (1204), 378; bailiwick of, under the French kings, 400 and n.; other references to, 249 and n., 269, 347; prepositus of, see John Bernard
Béarn, custumal of, 25 n.; viscounts of,
Bartholomew, clerk of the royal Beati Florentii, monasterium quod
373 n., 503; in ducal hands, 107, | Benefices, reversion to system of, under 279 n.; Richard captures castle of John, 328; see beneficium (1194), 152 and n.; Richard destroys beneficium, the Normans and the, 52-4, the keep, ibid.; betrayed to Philip Augustus by Peter of Meulan (1203), 238, 504 n.; Guy de la Roche and, 416; tenants of, 495, 500; see Fon- tenai, Harcourt
Beauvais (Belvacum, Oise), 178; fiefs of Gournai in diocese of, 163, 265, 442 n., 498; a poet of, 164; bishop of, see Philip of Dreux
Beauvaisis, 265, 442 n.; see Beauvais Beauvoir (Bealveer, Bellum Videre, arr. Mamers), in Maine, Henry ii creates town of, 285 n. Beauvoir-en-Lions (Bellum Videre, arr. Neufchâtel-en-Bray), 293; castle of, 105; repairs at (1180), 277; officium of, occupied by Hugh of Gournai as Philip's vassal (1194), 161; restored by Philip to Richard (1196), ibid.; castellan of, see Enguerrand the Porter
Bec (Beccus, arr. Bernay), 83, 236 n., 464, 467; Philip Augustus said to have met an English embassy at (1204), 383 n.; John seizes English lands of abbot of, 425 n.
Belboeuf (arr. Rouen), 256
Bennenges (William)
Benon (arr. La Rochelle), prepositura of, 42
Benouville (Bernovilla, arr. le Havre), revenues of, 104
Bensington (Oxfordshire), 500 Berengaria of Navarre, queen of England, wife of Richard, 148, 157 n., 212; importance of marriage of, 129; temporary alienation from Richard of, 157; dower of, 76 n., 215, 349 n.; re- ceives le Mans from Philip Augustus, 402 and n.; brother of, see Sancho, king of Navarre; see also Falaise Berkeley (Robert) Berlinges (Sussex), 498 Bernay (Bernaium, Eure), 355 n. Bernard (John)
Bernard du Plessis, 253 n. Bernard of Saint-Valéry, 133 n. Bernard the scribe, 85 n. Bernard, see "Silly Bernard Bernera, laird of, 411 Berners (Herbert)
Bernienville (Bernoivilla, arr. Evreux), 250, 254 and n.
Bernières (Berneriae, arr. Louviers),
375; camp of Philip at (1203), 376 Bernoivilla, see Bernienville
Bellême (Bellismae, arr. Mortagne), 234, Berri, 14, 203; old centre of Aquitaine,
Bellencombre (arr. Dieppe), 370 n., 371, 511, 517; situation and importance of, 282; fief of Earl Warenne, 506 Bellum Castrum de Rupe, 174 n.; see Château-Gaillard
Bellum Videre, see Beauvoir
Bellus Mons, see Beaumont-le-Roger Belvais, see Beauvais
28; divided between France and Poitou, 28, 131; Henry ii claims whole of, 30, 131; in the treaty of Messina, 131; Richard and the barons of Poitevin (1196), 167; French kings and barons of Poitevin, 15, 26, 129 Bertin (Peter)
Bertram, Norman family of, 62, 350 n.,
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