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interesting illustration of the effect produced by the civil wars upon the terrae Normannorum. Ilmington afterwards came to the Montforts; Dugdale, Warwickshire (ed. 1730), i, 629; cf. ii, 799.

The Norman family here described must be distinguished from the English family of Harcourt.

See Tesson, Tournebu.

LE HOMMET. In 1172 Richard du Hommet owed the service of 3 knights, and had the service of 18 knights (R.B., ii, 630). His eldest son William, who succeeded him as constable of Normandy, joined Philip and was living in possession of this honour in 1220 (H. de F. 609j). His English lands in Northamptonshire were confiscated in 1204 (R.N. 134; cf. Rot. Claus., i, 28 b; and for other lands Testa, 120, 261).1 Stamford, which had been granted to his father in 1173, went to Earl Warenne (above, p. 435, Rot. Claus, i, 37).

Through his mother William and his brother Enguerrand succeeded to the honour of Remilly (Manche). This was held by Enguerrand in parage (H. de F. 609k).

The various connections of the members of this family with each other and with other families are too complicated to be dealt with here. See Stapleton, passim; Delisle, Robert de Torigni, ii, 97.

LEICESTER, honour of the earls of: In 1204 the honour included Breteuil and, through Petronilla, the mother of Robert IV, Grandmésnil (Calvados, arr. Lisieux). It had been stripped of Paci-sur-Eure in 1194 (above, p. 161) but was still of vast extent. In 1172 it had contained 121 knights (R.B., ii, 627). According to the life of the Marshal, Robert IV was prepared to come to an arrangement about his Norman fiefs in 1204 (above, p. 431), but he died in October (Bémont, Simon de Montfort, p. 2). Philip Augustus added his lands to the demesne (C.N., Nos. 99, 100, 113, 209). See the full entries in the Registers and the Feoda Normanniæ (H. de F., 616-7, 705-6, 714-5).

1. His loyalty to Philip was not above suspicion, for he had to find pledges (C.N., no. 204).

LITTEHAIRE. Under this heading the "honor de Luthare et de Oireval" (Rot. Scacc., ii, 521) may be treated. It belonged in 1172 to William of Orval (Manche) and was held by the service of 2 knights (R.B., ii, 628). Through Mabilia of Orval the honour came to her husband Adam of Port and their son, William of Port, or as he is called afterwards, of Saint-Jean (Rot. Scacc., ii, 530; Stapleton I, clx, II, xii). Adam and his son followed John to England, and the honour came into Philip's hands. In Register A, the words "Rex et comes Bolonie habent "1 are inserted after the entry relating to William of Orval (H. de F. 694h). In the feodary of 1220 it is given as part of the demesne (Ibid, 610k).

For further references to Adam of Port see Saint-Jean-leThomas.

LONGUEVILLE. Longueville (Seine-Inferieure, arr. Dieppe) was the caput in Normandy of the honour of Earl Giffard. The division of the lands of Earl Walter in 1191 has already been mentioned (above, p. 446 note). William the Marshal retained possession of Longueville after 1204 (above, p. 383; H. de F., 708d), and the place was in the hands of his widow and sons in 1219 (C.N., no. 1120, p. 304). The honour of Earl Giffard had comprised nearly 100 knights in 1172 (R.B., ii, 633; for a somewhat different statement see H. de F., 696b).

See also Clare, Orbec.

MEULAN. The history of the count of Meulan in 1204 and the next few years suggests a story of great misfortune. Owing to the fact that they were vassals of the king of France his predecessors had never been able to retain uninterrupted possession of their Norman lands (cf. above, pp. 108, 269). They were closely connected with the greatest Norman families (Delisle, Robert de Torigni, passim, Stapleton II, cxcvii-viii) and some of their vassals, as the Marmions and Harcourts, were among the most powerful feudatories in the duchy. The honour stretched along the valley of the Risle, at Pont-Audemer, Brionne and

1. The Court of Boulogne's share in the honour was perhaps due to a connection between it and his honour of Mortain.

Beaumont-le-Roger. Count Robert was so unfortunate as to become reconciled with John for the last time in April 1203 (Rot. Pat., 27). A month later his son Peter betrayed Beaumont-le-Roger to Philip Augustus (above, p. 238), and lost his Norman lands and English benefices (above, p. 261). Robert was obliged by his circumstances to pledge his Norman lands for 5000 marks and to retain only a contingent interest in them (Rot. Chart., 105; Stapleton II, cci). On May 1, 1204, the count, who was an old man, divested himself of all his lands in France, Normandy and England in favour of his daughter Mabiria, wife of William, earl of the Isle of Wight (Ibid). This act apparently took place at Préaux, near Rouen. Neither Philip nor John was disposed to pay any heed to this attempt on the part of the count to transmit his honour intact. The eldest son, Waleran, had been killed during a pilgrimage (Ibid, II, cxcix), Peter was a traitor, Mabiria a woman. Philip Augustus excluded the count from his peace proposals (Teulet, Layettes, i, 250) and John's officials enrolled Stourminster, the caput of his English lands, among the terrae Normannorum (R.N., 141; cf. Rot. de Fin., 279, for Lincolnshire lands). In France and Normandy all knowledge of him was lost (Stapleton II, cciii). He lived for a few years, dependent on John's charity. His wife Matilda was rather more fortunate, since she possessed lands in Cornwall in right of her father, Reginald, earl of Cornwall. "Apparently Mabiria. . . alone of their issue, left posterity, and through her the representation of the Comtes de

1. This receives confirmation from an inquisition of 1230, "quomodo boscus de Pomeria, quem Johannes de Bosco petit, venit ad manum domini regis" (C.N., no. 1143). One witness said that the wood had been given to Osbert, the father of the petitioner, by the count of Meulan : " rex Richardus cepit terram comitis Mellenti in manu sua . . . et tenuit quamdiu vixit. Quo mortuo Johannes rex reddidit ei terram suam. Postea dictus comes dedit pluribus de terra sua, et etiam Johanni de Pratellis haiam de Roetot, et dicto O. boscum supradictum, et postea ipse recessit in Angliam cum rege Johanne. Rex antem Philippus inhibuit quod dona que dictus comes facerat tempore dicti J. regis nullatenus tenerentur, excepto dono quod fecerat dicto Johanni de Pratellis et Guillelmo de Hoxeia," and, we may add, the lands given to Richard of Harcourt; see the next note.

Meulan will have ultimately vested in the family of
Courtenay" (Ibid).

The Norman honour owed the service of 15 knights and comprised 63 (R.B., ii, 626; Register A reads 73). It was added to the demesne (C.N., no. 113). Its contents are specified in the Feoda Normanniae (H. de F., 712-3). By a characteristic charter Saint Louis in 1255 endowed a Ralph of Meulan with 600 librates of land, in Normandy, "in consideration of his noble ancestry." 2

7

MONTBRAI. In 1172 Nigel of Montbrai owed the service of 5 knights for Montbrai (Manche, arr. St. Lo) and ChateauGontier (Mayenne) and had II ++'/, knights in his service (R.B., ii, 629). William of Montbrai left Normandy in 1204, and the honour came to the king (H. de F., 707b,e). Philip still held it in 1220 (Ibid, p. 619k), but Andrew of Vitré got it in 1231 (C.N., no. 1147; cf. H. de F., 737a).

For William of Mowbray's English lands in Yorkshire and Leicestershire see Rot. de Fin., 102, 174; R.B., ii, 490, 551. For his descendants, see G.E.C., v, 410.

MONTFORT, honour of Hugh of: In 1172 Robert of Montfort owed the service of 6 knights for Coquainvilliers (Calvados) and 2 for Orbec (q.v.), and in the former he had in his service 33++ knights' fees (R.B., ii, 627). Robert died in 1179 and his wife paid a heavy fine for the custody of the lands and her children (Stapleton I, xc). In 1204 Coquainvilliers was held by Hugh of Montfort (Rot. Chart., 34). Hugh was in John's favour up to the last (cf. R.N., 121; Stapleton II, 1xvii), but disappears from the records

1. Elboeuf, which Count Robert had granted to Richard of Harcourt was excepted. (Rot. Chart., i, 104; C.N., no. 371).

2. C.N., no. 536: "Noverint universi quod, cum dilectus et fidelis noster Radulphus de Meullento instanter a nobis peteret, ut jus quod in terra Belli montis Rogeri et Brionie ratione antecessorum suorum se dicebat habere, redderemus eidem, et nobis super hoc non appareret testimonium vel probatio, nos tamen, nobilitatem sui generis attendentes, ut qui magnis et nobilibus traxit originem, necessitati etiam misericorditer compacientes ejusdem, sexcentas libratas terre ad turonenses eidem dedimus, et eas in Normannia, sicut continetur inferius, fecimus assignari."

after the middle of 1204.1 In 1207 Philip assigned rents to the value of £100 in the land which Hugh had held at Coquainvilliers to Guy of Auteuil (Actes, no. 1027; cf. C.N., nos. 160, 403, 611). For a statement of his fiefs see H. de F., 634g, 711a.

The house of Montfort took its name from Montfort-surRisle, one of the fiefs of the count of Meulan. It should be noted that the honour of Montfort was quite distinct from that of Coquainvilliers and came to the duke in 1161 (Robert of Torigni, ed. Delisle, ii, 38, 77). Robert of Montfort and Hugh his son were castellans of Montfort several times before and after 1180, but 'solius nomine custodiae ' (Stapleton I, cxviii; above, p. 269). On the relation between the families of Meulan and Montfort see Delisle's notes to his edition of Robert of Torigni (i, 163, 224, 282). Montfort was of course annexed to the demesne in 1204 (C.N., no. 209; the phrase in no. 113 'honor de Montforti qui fuit Hugonis de Montforti' is either an error or refers to Coquainvilliers). On its service see R.B., ii, 642-3; H. de F., 710d; and above, p. 324 n.

MONTPINCON. In 1172 Hugh of Montpinçon (Calvados, arr. Lisieux) held the honour by the service of 3 knights; he had in his service 12 knights (R.B., ii, 628). In 1204 Philip Augustus gave the honour to Guérin of Glapion (Actes, no. 817B; H. de F., 707b). In 1220 it was an escheat (Ibid, 620d).

In 1212 a Fulk of Montpinçon was tenant of the barony of Valoines in Essex and Norfolk (Testa, 271b).

MORTAIN. The county was granted by Philip to Renaud of Dammartin, count of Boulogne (C.N., no. 107), and came to Philip's son, Philip Hurepel through the latter's marriage with Renaud's daughter Matilda (Actes, nos. 1217, 2158; C.N., no. 1121). On the younger Philip's death in 1235, the honour was divided into three lots (C.N., no. 412) of which the king took two, while Matilda was left in possession of one, including Mortain without the castle. Renaud had lost control of the castle in 1211 (Actes, nos. 12991301).

1. There is a reference in Rot. Claus., i, 50 (September, 1205), to lands which he had held in Kent.

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