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Castle, Bonneville-sur-Touques. Castellan, Geoffrey Trossebot (69).

[AUGE], or, as afterwards, PONT AUDEMER. In 1180 Pont Audemer was still in the possession of the count of Meulan. During the wars between France and Richard I. the count took the side of Philip, and Pont Audemer fell into royal hands. The change may be seen taking place in 1195 (Rot. Scacc., I. 199, 208, Stapleton, p. cliii). In that year the bailiff of Auge, William de Mara, took charge of the honour. In 1198 the bailiwick definitely appears as Ballia de Ponte Audemeri (Rot. Scacc., II. 450).

In 1180, Bailiff, William de Mara (94-100). William's jurisdiction included several of the forests of Normandy, mostly outside his bailiwick. He also had the following farms in Auge:

Viscounty of Conteville. Farm 170 li. (98). In 1198, the farm sank to 27 li. 3s., because the manor of Conteville had been granted to the abbot of Jumièges in exchange for Pont de l'Arche. The abbot paid a rent of 20 li. (Rot. Scacc., II. 450, Stapleton, II, clxi). King John granted the manor, after restoring Pont de l'Arche to Jumièges, to Gerard de Forneval (Rot. Norm., 19; Rot. Scacc., II. 553).

Viscounty of Ste-Mère-Eglise, not to be confused with the place of the same name in the Côtentin. Farm 140 li. (97).

The bailiwick of William de Mara included, in 1180, part of the diocese of Bayeux, west of the Dive, which had originally formed part of the country of Exmes, i.e., Argences and other places. This was afterwards formed into a separate bailiwick lying between the bailiwick of Falaise and Caen, under the title BALLIA DE OXIMINO. See above, P. 77.

The bailiwick of Auge also comprised the viscounty of Auge. Farm 20 li. Farmer, Robert Bertram (40).

LIEUVIN.1 Bailiff, Richard Beverel, 85–89.
Viscounty of Lieuvin. Farm, 25 li.
Richard Beverel and Joscelin Rossel (85).

FALAISE. Bailiff, Richard Giffart (41-49).

Farmers,

Castles, Falaise; Castellan, Richard Giffart (50); Pommeraye; castellan, Robert of Pierrefitte-a place near Pommeraye (50).

Viscounty of the Oximin. Farm, 100 li. Farmer, Robert de Capella (106).

Prepositura of Falaise.
Odo, son of Vitalis (50).

Farm, 480 li. Farmer,

EXMES. Bailiff, Gilbert Pipart (103-4), who also farms viscounty, etc. Farm, 110 li. (103).

Castle, Exmes, Castellan, Gilbert Pipart (104), partly paid in kind, partly out of farm of Falaise (50).

Prepositura of Moulins and Bonmoulins. Farm, 300 li. Farmer, Robert Pipart (105). The entries among the fines show that these castles were within. the jurisdiction of Exmes (104). The farmer was castellan of Bonmoulins in 1180 and 1195 (245); but in 1180, William de Soliis was castellan of Moulins (57). After 1195 the "prepositura" disappears from the rolls.

1. The bailiwick was extensive, since it included most of the district called Ouche, which had been attached, through the action of its chief inhabitants, to the diocese of Lisieux in the twelfth century. This high forest land, along the upper courses of the Charente and the Touques, cut into the diocese of Séez. Hence the bailiff of Exmes was deprived of much of what would have been his natural jurisdiction. The archdeaconry of Ouche, on the other hand, was in the diocese of Evreux. (Ord. Vit., iii, 2; Longnon, Pouillés de la Province de Rouen, xl, lv; Stapleton, I, xxxvii.) The bailiwick was, except at the death of a bishop, deprived of most jurisdiction in the banlieu and viscounty of Lisieux (see Rot. Scacc., I, 261, 262, where the banlieu is accounted for separately during a vacancy. Stapleton, p. clxix).

ARGENTAN. Bailiff, Richard of Cardiff (20-23). Castle, Argentan. Castellan, Richard of Cardiff (39).

Viscounty and prepositura of Argentan. 700 li. Farmer, Adam de Gravella (39).

CAEN. Bailiff, Richard Fitz Henry (53-56).

Farm,

Castle, Caen. Castellan, William Fitz Ralf, the

seneschal (56).

Prepositura of Caen.

Farm, 1000 li.

Farmer,

Roger, son of Thierri (56–7).

BESSIN. Red Book, ii. 638. Bailiff, Hamo Pincerna (1-7).

Castle, Bayeux. Castellan, probably Hamo, since he is styled in a Savigny charter, Senescallus Baiocarum (Stapleton, p. lix). In 1195, Robert de Groceio, who had apparently shared in the labours of the bailiwick, was castellan (265, 272).

Viscounty of Bessin. Farm, 140 li. farmer, earl of Chester (40).

Hereditary

Prepositura of Bayeux. Farm, 300 li.
John Bernard (7), prepositus de Baiocis (8).

Farmer,

Prepositura of Osmanville, a castle built by Henry II (cf. p. 28). Farm, 170li. Three farmers (8). BALLIA DE ULTRA MONTEM LINCHE, later called CONDE. This bailiwick included the southern Bessin beyond Mont de l'Encre except the bailiwick of Vau de Vire, and Tenchebrai (Stapleton, p. lxix). It appears as the ballia of Condé in 1195 and 1198 (Rot. Scacc., I. 171, II. 409). Bailiff in 1180, Jordan de Landa (16-17).

Castle, Condé.

Prepositura of Condé. Farm 300 li.

Farmer,

Geoffrey Duredent (17). It disappears in the later rolls, when John became count of Mortain, since the châtellenie belonged to the honour of Mortain (Cart. Norm., No. 412, p. 66).

[TENCHEBRAI]. Called a "ballia" in 1172 (Red Book, ii. 640), and in 1180, as "ballia" of the farmer and castellan Erchenbold of Briquebec (cum mitra), but there is no evidence that it was more than a "prepositura." Farm, 100 li. (52-3). As a fief of Mortain, it disappears from the rolls till 1203, when it is farmed. by the bailiff of Mortain (Rot. Scacc., II. 540).

ALENÇON. Bailiffs, Robert Waleis, Ralph Labbe, Durand the prevôt (18-20).

Castles, Alençon. Castellan, Fulk Paynell (18). Roche Mabille; castellan, Fulk Paynell.

Viscounty and prepositura of Alençon. Farm 500 li. Farmers act as bailiffs. In 1198, Ralph Labbe was bailiff and castellan, and farmed the viscounty and "prepositura" (Rot. Scacc., II. 386).

PASSEIS.

This bailiwick included the march of Normandy, which, geographically, lay in Maine, and may be said to date from the occupation of Domfront, the castle of Robert of Bellême, by Henry, afterwards Henry I. After the recovery by Henry II of the castles of Gorron, Ambriéres and Coumont, " novum castrum. super fluvium Colmiae," in 1162 (Stapleton, p. lxxv) these three castles, south of Domfront, were gradually added to the bailiwick of Passeis. In 1180, Gorron and probably Ambriéres were separate bailiwicks, and they, like Dom front, are later referred to as "bailiwicks," in a general sense (Rot. Scacc., I. 28; II. 353, 355). Passeis was a comprehensive bailiwick in 1172 (Red Book, ii. 639).

Bailiff in 1180, Reiner the Tallager (27-28).

Castles, Domfront, Gorron, Ambriéres, Coumont. Prepositura of Domfront. Farm, 240 li. Farmers, apparently burgesses in 1180 (28). In 1198 the bailiff was "prepositus " (II. 352).

GORRON. Bailiff and castellan in 1180, William de Bennenges (23-4). In 1195 farmed separately,

but in bailiwick of Passeis (222). So in 1198 (II. 354). Farm, 120 or 130 li, probably 130 li (24, 222). Farmer in 1180, William de Bennenges. In 1180 the metairie of Fosse-Lovain was added to Gorron, also in 1195 (223) and 1198 (355).

AMBRIERES? Only a "prepositura" on the rolls of 1195 and 1198, not distinct from Domfront, but may have been a separate bailiwick in 1180, when omitted on the roll. Farm in 1195, 50 li (220).

Novum Castrum super Coumont. Farm, 21s. 10d. (II. 356; called censi in 1195, I. 220). Accounted for by William Gere in 1195 and 1198.

In May, 1199, Arthur, duke of Brittany, and count of Anjou, restored these three castles with the forest of Fosse-Lovain to Juhel of Mayenne (Cart. Norm., no. 48, p. 280).

VAU DE VIRE. In 1172, the "baillia de Castro de Vira" (Red Book ii. 638). Bailiffs, Alban of Vire and Reinald of Doit (29-30).

Castle, Vire. Castellan, William du Hommet, the constable (29).

Viscounty of Vau de Vire. Farm, 20 li. Farmed by the bailiffs.

Prepositura of the castle of Vire.
Farmed by the bailiffs.

Farm, 180 li.

The viscounty and "prepositura" were in the honour of Mortain, and so, like Tenchebrai, did not appear on the rolls again till the reign of John, when the earl of Chester farmed them (II. 537).

[MORTAIN]. In the reign of John a full bailiwick,

including Tenchebrai and Cerences (Rot. Scacc., II. 538-548). In 1180 treated as a bailiwick, but presents some curious features, which are repeated in the reign of John, and show that it had been independent of ducal control. Disappears as a royal bailiwick in the reign of Richard except for escheats in 1195 (215).

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