Scandinavia Pilot: The Naze to Christiania, thence to the Kattegat; also the Naze to BergenU.S. Government Printing Office, 1915 |
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Common terms and phrases
12 fathoms 12 feet 50 yards anchorage awash bearing Bergen berth bight buoy channel Christiania Christiansand clay clear weather coast dangers depth direction distance east point east side eastern entrance elevation exhibited extends 100 yards fathoms water feet above high feet draft feet water fiord Fredriksværn green sectors Grimstad harbor Haugesund high water Inner iron pillar iron pole island islet Jomfruland Koster Islands Langesund Laurvik lead westward light is visible Light List light with white Lighthouse Lille Lillesand lying mainland marked mid-channel miles northward narrow north point north side northeast point northern northwest Norway occulting light outer pass westward patch pole painted black pole painted white red sectors Sandö sectors see Light shoal extending shore small iron house small vessels south point south side southeast side southern southward southwest Stavanger steer stone beacon Vestre ward west side western white and red white light winds yards eastward yards northward
Popular passages
Page 21 - In thick weather, when near or closing the land, soundings should be taken continuously and at regular intervals, and, with the character of the bottom, systematically recorded. By laying the soundings on tracing paper, according to the scale of the chart, along a line representing the track of the ship, and then moving the paper over the chart, keeping the line representing the track parallel with the course until the observed soundings agree with those of the chart, the ship's position will in...
Page 12 - For vessels drawing less than 18 feet the edge of the sanding serves as a well-marked danger line. Charts on which no fathom curves are marked must especially be regarded with caution, as indicating that soundings were too scanty and the bottom too uneven to enable the curves to be drawn with accuracy. Isolated soundings, shoaler than surrounding depths, should always be avoided, especially if ringed around, as it is doubtful how closely the spot may have been examined and whether the least depth...
Page 18 - The three-arm protractor or station pointer consists of a graduated brass circle with one fixed and two movable radial arms, the three beveled edges of the arms, if produced, intersecting at the exact center of the instrument. The edge of the fixed arm marks the zero of the graduation which enables the movable arms to be set at any angles with the fixed arm. To plot a position, the two angles observed between the three selected objects are set on the instrument, which is then moved over the chart...
Page 20 - Doubling the angle on the bow. — The method of fixing by doubling the angle on the bow is invaluable. The ordinary form of it, the so-called "bow and beam bearing," the distance from the object at the latter position being the distance run between the times of taking the two bearings, gives the maximum of accuracy, and is an excellent fix for a departure, but does not insure safety, as the object observed and any dangers off it are abeam before the position is obtained. By taking the bearings at...
Page 25 - The gradual change in the variation must not be forgotten in laying down positions by bearing on charts. The magnetic compasses placed on the charts for the purpose of facilitating plotting become in time slightly in error, and in some cases, such as with small scales, or when the lines are long, the displacement of position from neglect of this change may be of importance. The compasses are...
Page 27 - For boarding a wreck, it is recommended to pour oil overboard to windward of her before going alongside. The effect in this case must greatly depend upon the set of the current, and the circumstances of the depth of water.
Page 14 - The intrinsic power of a light should always be considered when expecting to make it in thick weather. A weak light is easily obscured by haze, and no dependence can be placed on its being seen.
Page 23 - The habit of running exact courses with precise changes of course will be found most useful when it is desired to enter port or pass through inclosed waters during fog by means of the buoys; here safety demands that the buoys be made successively, to do which requires, if the fog be dense, very accurate courses and careful attention to the...
Page 26 - Use of Oil for Modifying the Effect of Breaking Waves. — Many experiences of late years have shown that the utility of oil for this purpose is undoubted, and the application simple. The following may serve for the guidance of seamen, whose attention is called to...
Page 17 - Countcrcurrents and eddies may occur near the shores of straits, especially in bights and near points. A knowledge of them is useful in order that they may be taken advantage of or avoided. A swift current often occurs in...