CONTENTS. The struggle between Normans and Englishmen begins with the accession of Eadward . Import of Eadward's Election; resolve of the English § 1. The Election and Coronation of Eadward. 1042-1043. June, 1042 Popular Election of Eadward Delay of the Coronation; its probable causes Eadward probably absent from England and unwilling to Eadward accepts the Crown and returns to England; possibility of a Coronation at Canterbury Christmas? Witenagemót of Gillingham; opposition to Eadward's 1042-1043 Election in the interest of Swegen Estrithson Exhortation of Archbishop Eadsige; position of Eadward; his relations to Godwine and the other great Earls Presence of foreign ambassadors at the Coronation; Ead- 6-8 . Eadward's personal character; purely monastic nature of Personal appearance and habits of Eadward His love of favourites; his fondness for foreigners; pro- 13-14 18-19 nies against Godwine and his sons 19-20 Character of Godwine; his relations to ecclesiastical bodies; 20-21 His good and strict government of his Earldom 21-22 His civil virtues; his singular forbearance; his champion- His foreign travels; his patronage of Germans as opposed Harold's personal character; his alleged spoliation of mo- nasteries; his friendship with Saint Wulfstan; his foun- Character of the Lady Eadgyth; her doubtful loyalty to Greatness of Godwine and his house The other Earldoms; Mercia under Leofric; Northumber- General condition of England; tendency not to separation 34-35 35-36 37 § 3. From the Coronation of Eadward to the Remission of the 1043-1051 Character of the first nine years of Eadward Relations between Eadward and his mother; probable November Witenagemót of Gloucester; Eadward and the Earls despoil Emma of her treasure 1043-1046 Probable connexion of Emma with the partizans of Swegen; April- Importance of ecclesiastical appointments; mode of ap- pointing Bishops; increased connexion with Rome; pre- Siward Abbot of Abingdon appointed Coadjutor to Arch- Baneful influence of Robert; his calumnies against Godwine; 1044-1047 Condition of Northern Europe; war between Swegen and 1030-1044 Early life and exploits of Harold Hardrada; his escape from Swegen and Harold attack Magnus and save England from Marriage of Eadward and Eadgyth; promotions of Harold Swegen asks help from England; his request is supported Affairs of Scandinavia; Harold joins Magnus and receives a 58-59 59-60 and Beorn Death of Brihtwold, Bishop of the Wilsætas; Hermann of March 23,1046 Death of Bishop Lyfing; his career and character. Swegen's abduction of Eadgifu; he throws up his Earldom Magnus defeats Swegen; occupies Denmark and dies sud- 1048-1061 Harold succeeds in Norway; Swegen in Denmark; their Norwegian and Danish embassies to England; help again Ælfwine, Bishop of Winchester, dies; Stigand succeeds Ravages of Lothen and Yrling; the King and the Earls pursue the pirates, but they escape to Flanders. Relations with Flanders; their analogy with the relations Alliance with the Emperor Henry; his nomination of Ger- Godfrey of Lotharingia and Baldwin of Flanders rebel Leo excommunicates Godfrey; Godfrey submits, but Bald- Denmark and England join the Emperor against Baldwin; the English fleet watches the Channel; submission of Baldwin's submission lets loose the English exiles; Osgod Beorn entrapped and slain by Swegen 66-67 Swegen declared Nithing by the army; nature of the mili- 67-68 tary Gemót Various military operations; movements of Osgod Clapa Ships from Ireland in the Bristol Channel joined by Gruffydd Campaign of Bishop Ealdred; his defeat by Gruffydd 1049-1050 Increasing connexion of England with the Continent; Eng- Midlent, 1050 Witenagemót of London; reduction of the fleet; Swegen The King's vow of pilgrimage to Rome; Bishops Ealdred Synods of Rome and Vercelli; Lanfranc and Berengar; Ulf Death of Archbishop Eadsige; the monks of Christ Church elect Elfric, who is supported by Godwine but re- Witenagemót of London; Robert of Jumièges appointed to CONTENTS. xi Robert returns from Rome with the pallium; he refuses to § 4. The Banishment of Earl Godwine. 1051. The foreign influence at its height; contrast between Eustace accuses the men of Dover to Eadward; Eadward commands Godwine to inflict military chastisement on them; Godwine refuses and demands a legal tria! Robert excites the King against Godwine; the Witan sum- moned to Gloucester to hear charges against the Earl Outrages of the Normans in Herefordshire; building of Godwine and his sons gather the force of their Earldoms at Beverstone; Siward, Leofric, and Ralph gather theirs at Negotiations between Godwine and the King; Godwine's offers refused through the influence of the Frenchmen; The full force of the Northern Earldoms assembles at Glou- cester; Eadward refuses to surrender Eustace Eagerness of the Northumbrians for battle; march of the West-Saxons and East-Angles on Gloucester Mediation of Leofric; adjournment to a Gémot in London Gemót of London; Eadward at the head of an army; Harold determines on resistance; he and Leofwine sail from General character of the story; explanation of Godwine's conduct; effect of his fall on the minds of his contem- Oct. 1051- Temporary triumph of the Norman party; advancement |