EDITED BY

JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A.,

AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE," EDITOR OF
66 'THE PICTORIAL BIBLE," &0. &0.

ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

TENTH EDITION.

NEW YORK:

IVISON, PHINNEY & CO, 48 & 50 WALKER STREET.
CHICAGO: S. C. GRIGGS & CO., 39 & 41 LAKE ST.

BOSTON: BROWN, TAGGARD & CHASE. PHILADELPHIA: SOWER, BARNES & Co.,
AND J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. CINCINNATI; MOORE, WILSTACH, KEYS & CO.
SAVANNAH: J. M. COOPER & CO. ST. LOUIS: KEITH & WOODS. NEW
ORLEANS: BLOOMFIELD. STEEL & CO. DETROIT: F. RAYMOND & CO.

1861.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

INITIALS

W. L. A......

G. B.

NAMES.

REV. W. L. ALEXANDER, M.A., Author of The Connexion and Harmony of the Old and New Testaments,' &c.

..... REV. G. BAUR, Ph. D. of the University of Giessen.

......

J. R. B. ... ... .... .... Rev. J. R. BEARD, D.D., Member of the Historico-Theological Society of

G. M. B.

Leipzig.

G. M. BELL, Author of Universal Mechanism,' &c.

C. H. F B.... REV. C. H. F. BIALLOBLOTZKY, Ph. D., Göttingen, Author of 'De Abrogatione

Legis.'

J. B. . . . . . . . . REV. JOHN BROWN, D.D., Professor of Exegetical Theology to the United Secession Church.

G. B... ..... Rev. GEORGE BUSH, Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature in the University of New York.

J. D. B....... REV. JAMES D. BUTLER, Abbot Resident, Theological Seminary, Andover, United States.

K. A. C. .... K. A. CREDNER, Doctor and Professor of Theology in the University of

J. F. D.

J. W. D.

.....

....

Giessen.

REV. S. DAVIDSON, LL.D., Professor of Biblical Literature and Oriental
Languages in the Lancashire Independent College.

REV. BENJAMIN DAVIES, D.D.

REV. J. F. DENHAM, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge, F.R.S.

REV. J. W. DORAN, LL.D., Association Secretary of the Church Missionary
Society.

J. E. . . . . . . . . Rev. John EaDIE, LL.D., Professor of Biblical Literature to the United
Secession Church.

G. H. A. v. E. . G. H. A. von EWALD, Doctor and Professor of Theology in the University of Tübingen.

F. W. G. . . . . . REV. F. W. GOTCH, M.A., Trinity College, Dublin.

.....

H. A. C. H. . . . H. A. C. HAVERNICK, Doctor and Professor of Theology in the University

E. W. H......

J. J......

of Königsberg.

E. W. HENGSTENBERG, Doctor and Professor of Theology in the University of Berlin.

REV. J. JACOBI, of the University of Berlin.

R. J. . . . . . . . . Rev. R. JAMIESON, M.A., Editor of 'Paxton's Illustrations of Scripture.'

E. A. L ... REV. E. A. LAWRENCE, Haverhill, United States.

.......

E. M..

P. M.
N. M.

F. W. N.

J. N...

.....

....

NAMES.

REV. ROBERT LEE, D.D., Edinburgh.

FREDERICK R. LEES, Ph. D., F.S.S.A.; Editor of 'The Truth-Seeker' &c.

E. MICHELSON, Ph. D. of the University of Heidelberg.

PETER MEARNS, Author of Tirosh,' &c.

REV. N. MORREN, M.A., Author of Biblical Theology,' and Translator of 'Rosenmüller's Biblical Geography.'

F. W. NEWMAN, late Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.

JOHN NICHOLSON, B.A., Oxford, Ph. D., Tübingen, Author of An Account of the Establishment of the Fatemite Dynasty,' Translator of Ewald's Hebrew Grammar.'

W. A. N... ... W. A. NICHOLSON, M.D.

J. P. P. ... ... REV. JOHN PHILLIPS POTTER, M.A., Oriel College, Oxford.

B. P.

...... Rev. BadEN POWELL, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., Savilian Professor of Geometry in the University of Oxford.

J. F. R..... J. F. ROYLE, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Member of the Royal Asiatic Societies of Calcutta and London; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in King's College, London.

J. E. R. . . . . . . J. E. RYLAND, Translator of Neander's Church History,' and of 'Semisch's Justin Martyr.'

C. H. S....... LIEUT.-COLONEL C. HAMILTON SMITH, K.H. and K.W., F.R. and L.S., President of the Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society, &c. &c.

J. P. S. .... Rev. J. PYE SMITH, D.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.

......

.....

H. S. . . . . . . . . Rev. H. StebbinG, D.D. of St. John's College, Cambridge, Author of 'A History of the Church,' &c.

A. T......... Rev. A. THOLUCK, Doctor and Professor of Theology in the University of

Halle.

D. W........ Rev. David Welsh, D.D., Professor of Divinity and Church History, New College, Edinburgh.

L. W........ REV. LEONARD WOODS, D.D., Professor of Theology in the Andover Theological Seminary, United States.

W. W........ REV. WILLIAM WRIGHT, M.A. and LL.D. of Trinity College, Dublin, Translator of Seiler's Biblical Hermeneutics.'

The initials of the Contributors of the following articles have been inadvertently omitted :— J. R. B, ROMAN EMPIRE; TABERNACLES, FEAST OF.-H. A. C. H., GENESIS.-J. F. K., SPICES; STORAX, TAMAR, 1: TEIL TREE; TIRZAH, 1.-W. W., Jude', NEBUCHAD

NEZZAR