Among the many beautiful tombs and monuments | acclivities and deep valleys. The woods are hewn that ornament the consecrated grounds of Mount away, in various spots for the purposes of sepulAuburn, there is none in better taste, and none around ture, and to open the many avenues, that wind among which visiters gather with more interest and melan- and around the hills and along the little pools. These choly, than the mausoleum erected over the remains of avenues all of which bear the names of some tree or the lamented Spurzheim, the distinguished Phrenologist. shrub, intersecting each other in every direction, It is situated on an eminence, surrounded and over-leading to every part of the grounds, and in a spiral shadowed by trees, and nearly in front and but a short manner to the top of every eminence--and where the distance from the lofty Egyptian gateway. It is a ground is level, opening to a width convenient for plain but classick model, as the engraving illustrates, carriages, are peculiarly adapted to the inequalities of and made of polished Italian marble slightly clouded, the tract, and afford to those who love such a holy and and enclosed by an oval iron railing. Its prototype is secluded spot, the most interesting retreats and deScipio's tomb, at Rome. It is upon the main avenue, lightful walks. The margins of the pools are beset with and so conspicuous, that none can visit the cemetery sweet flowers and shrubs. Here you will see a splénwithout observing it. It bears no biographical eulo- did mausoleum, of the finest and purest marble, of the gium, nor long and fulsome epitaph, but on either side most costly Italian workmanship and of various devices, the simple inscription, mounted upon a conspicuous eminence; on yonder hill-side is a gothick tomb of strong pillars and massive door of the sombre granite-there in a secluded spot, thickly overshadowed, is an humble green plot, and the primrose bends its head upon its little neat border, and It may be gratifying to some of our readers to learn nothing but a chain surrounds it. The devices and more of Mount Auburn. The Cemetery of Mount models of monuments, from the tall and beautiful Auburn is a most interesting and beautiful enclosure obelisk and pillar to the humble slab, marking the of upwards of one hundred acres, situated in Cambridge reposing places of the dead on every side, are as various and Watertown, Massachusetts, about four miles from as the tastes of their proprietors. The principal emithe city of Boston. It was originally purchased by nence called Mount Auburn, is one hundred and the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and a portion twenty-five feet above the level of Charles river, and of the land is now cultivated as the Experimental commands one of the most beautiful prospects we ever Garden of that society. This tract however, is sepa- beheld. The city of Boston, the towns of Charlestown rated from the woodland portion by a small water and Roxbury, the distant ocean, the winding Charles course. The woodland or inner portion, is especially river, the cultivated fields on every side, the blue hills devoted to the purposes of interment, and is covered of Milton in the distance, the venerable pile of Harvard throughout by a fine growth of forest trees, comprising University, the heights of Watertown on one side, and an unusual variety of species. The ground is undu- the Fresh Pond on the north, constitute a landscape of lating, and variegated with hills, small plains, steep surpassing beauty. It is contemplated erecting a SPURZHEIM. And who will not "know his sepulchre ?" tower upon this eminence, which, while it will serve | Legislature of this Commonwealth, with a parental as a guide to the place, will extend and perfect one of the most splendid views in the United States. The following extract from an address of Judge Story delivered on the consecration of the cemetery may be here appropriately introduced. 'A rural Cemetery seems to combine in itself all the advantages, which can be proposed to gratify human feelings, or tranquillize human fears; to secure the best religious influences, and to cherish all those associations, which cast a cheerful light over the darkness of the grave. And what spot can be more appropriate than this for such a purpose? Nature seems to point it out with significant energy, as the favourite retirement for the dead. There are around us all the varied features of her beauty and grandeur-the forest-crowned height; the abrupt acclivity; the sheltered valley; the deep glen; the grassy glade, and the silent grove. Here are the lofty oak, the beech, that "wreathes its old fantastick roots so high," the rustling pine, and the drooping willow;-the tree, that sheds its pale leaves with every autumn, a fit emblem of our own transitory bloom; and the evergreen, with its perennial shoots, instructing us, that "the wintry blast of death kills not the buds of virtue." Here is the thick shrubbery, to protect and conceal the new-made grave; and there is the wild-flower creeping along the narrow path, and planting its seeds in the upturned earth. All around us there breathes a solemn calm, as if we were in the bosom of a wilderness, broken only by the breeze as it murmurs through the tops of the forest, or by the notes of the warbler pouring forth his matin or his evening song. foresight, has clothed the Horticultural Society with authority (if I may use its own language) to make a perpetual dedication of it, as a Rural Cemetery or Burying-Ground, and to plant and embellish it with shrubbery, and flowers, and trees, and walks, and other rural ornaments. And I stand here, by the order and in behalf of this Society, to declare that, by these services, it is to be deemed henceforth and for ever so dedicated. Mount Auburn, in the noblest sense, belongs no longer to the living, but to the dead. It is a sacred, it is an eternal trust. It is consecrated ground. May it remain for ever inviolate!' "What a multitude of thoughts crowd upon the mind in the contemplation of such a scene. How much of the future, even in its far distant reaches, rises before us with all its persuasive realities. Take but one little narrow space of time, and how affecting are its associations! Within the flight of one half century, how many of the great, the good, and the wise will be gathered here! How many in the loveliness of infancy, the beauty of youth, the vigour of manhood, and the maturity of age, will lie down here, and dwell in the bosom of their mother earth! The rich and the poor, the gay and the wretched, the favourites of thousands, and the forsaken of the world, the stranger in his solitary grave, and the patriarch surrounded by the kindred of a long lineage!'" ARNOLD'S EXPEDITION INTO CANADA IN 1775. The invasion of Canada by the troops of the American Congress rendered the year 1775 remarkable in the annals of the Province. Canada, supposed to be perfectly secure, had been left almost destitute of regular troops, nearly all of which had been removed to Boston. The whole force of this description consisted of only two regiments of Infantry, the 7th Fusileers, and the 26th, amounting to no more than eight hundred men. Of these the greater part were in garrison at St. John's, the rest dispersed through the various posts. 'Ascend but a few steps, and what a change of scenery to surprise and delight us. We seem, as it were, in an instant, to pass from the confines of death to the bright and balmy regions of life. Below us flows the winding Charles, with its rippling current, like the stream of time hastening to the ocean of eternity. In the distance, the City,-at once the object of our admiration and our love,-rears its proud eminences, its glittering spires, its lofty towers, its graceful mansions, its curling smoke, its crowded haunts of business and pleasure, which speak to the eye, and yet leave a noiseless loneliness on the ear. Again we turn, and the walls of our venerable University rise before us, with many a recollection of happy days passed there in the interchange of study and friendship, and many a grateful thought of the affluence of its learning, which has adorned and nourished the litera-vember, and General Carlton, conceiving it of the utmost ture of our country. Again we turn, and the cultivated farm, the neat cottage, the village church, the sparkling lake, the rich valley, and the distant hills, are before us through opening vistas; and we breathe amidst the fresh and varied labours of man. ter. There is, therefore, within our reach, every variety of natural and artificial scenery, which is fitted to awaken emotions of the highest and most affecting characWe stand, as it were, upon the borders of two worlds; and as the mood of our minds may be, we may gather lessons of profound wisdom by contrasting the one with the other, or indulge in the dreams of hope and ambition, or solace our hearts by melancholy meditations. 'Who is there that in the contemplation of such a scene, is not ready to exclaim, with the enthusiasm of the Poet, "Mine be the breezy hill, that skirts the down, Where a green, grassy turf is all I crave, With here and there a violet bestrown, Fast by a brook, or fountain's murmuring wave, And many an evening sun shine sweetly on my grave!" 'And we are met here to consecrate this spot, by these solemn ceremonies, to such a purpose. The On the 17th September, 1775. Brigadier General Richard Montgomery, who had formerly been in the British service, appeared at the head of an army, before the Fort of St. John's; which, after a gallant defence, surrendered on the 3d November, the garrison marching out with the honours of war. Montreal, which was entirely defenceless, capitulated on the 12th No importance to reach Quebec, the only place capable of defence, passed through the American force stationed at Sorel, during the night, in a canoe with muffled paddles, and arrived in Quebec on the 19th, to the great joy of the garrison and loyal inhabitants, who placed every confidence in his well-known courage and ability. While the province was thus threatened with subjugation on the side of Montreal, a new danger presented itself from a quarter so entirely unexpected, that until the particulars were ascertained, the fears and superstitions of the inhabitants of the country parishes had ample subject of employment and exaggeration. An expedition of a singular and daring character had been success ully prosecuted against Quebec from the New England States, by a route which was little known and generally considered impracticable. This expedition was headed by Colonel Arnold, an officer in the service of the Congress; who with two regiments, amounting to about eleven hundred men, left Boston about the middle of September, and undertook to penetrate through the wilderness to Point Levi, by the means of the rivers Kennebec and Chaudiere. The spirit of enterprise evinced in this bold design and the patience, hardihood, and perseverance of the new-raised forces employed in the execution, will for ever distinguish this expedition in the history of offensive operations. A handful of men ascending the course of a rapid river, and conveying arms, ammunition, baggage and provisions through an almost trackless wild bent upon a most uncertain purpose-can scarcely be considered, however, a regular operation of war. It was rather a desperate attempt, suited to the temper of the fearless men engaged in it, the character of the times, and of the scenes which were about to be acted on the American continent. The project, however, of Arnold was by no means an original thought. It had been suggested by Governour Pownall, in his "Idea of the service of America," as early as the year 1758. He says, "The people of Massachusetts, in the counties of Hampshire, Worcester and York are the best wood-hunters in America....... I should think if about a hundred thorough wood-hunters properly officered, could be obtained in the county of York, a scout of such might make an attempt upon the settlements by way of Chaudiere river." On the 220 September, Arnold embarked on the Kennebec river in two hundred batteaux, and notwithstanding all natural impediments-the ascent of a rapid stream-interrupted by frequent portages through thick woods and swamps-in spite of frequent accidentsthe desertion of one third of the number-they at length arrived at the head of the river Chaudiere, having crossed the ridge of land which separates the waters falling into the St. Lawrence from those which run into the sea. They now reached Lake Megantic, and following the course of the Chaudiere river, their difficulties and privations, which had been so great as on one occasion to compel them to kill their dogs for su tenance were speedily at an end. After passing thirty-two days in the wilderness, they arrived on the 4th November at the first settlement, called Sertigan, twenty-five leagues from Quebec, where they obtained all kinds of provisions. On the 9th Colonel Arnold arrived at Point Levi, where he remained twenty-four hours before it was known at Quebec; and whence it was extremely fortunate that all the small craft and canoes had been removed by order of the officer commanding the garrison. On the 13th, late in the evening, they embarked in thirty-four canoes, and very early in the morning of the 14th, he succeeded in landing five-hundred men at Wole's Cove, without being discovered from the Lizard and Hunter, ships of war. The first operation was to take possession of what had been General Murray's house on the St. Foy road, and of the General Hospital. They also placed guards upon all the roads, in order to prevent the garrison from obtaining supplies from the country. The small force of Arnold prevented any attempt being made towards the reduction of the fortress until after the arrival of Montgomery from Montreal, who took the command on the 1st December, and established his head quarters at Holland House. Arnold is said to have occupied the house near Scott's Bridge, lately inhabited by the Honourable Justice Kess. The arrival of the Governour on the 19th November had infused the best spirit among the inhabitants of Quebec. On the first December, the motley garrison amounted to eighteen hundred men-all, however, full of zeal in the cause of their king and country, and well supplied with provisions for eight months. They were under the immediate command of Colonel Allan Maclean, of the 84th Regiment or Royal Emigrants, composed principally of those of the gallant Fraser's Highlanders, who had settled in Canada. The bombardment of the town commenced and was continued with obstinacy and perseverance through December. With the issue of the siege our readers are mostly probably acquainted. It resulted in the repulse of the American troops, a partial surrender, and the death of the brave Montgomery. Arnold was wounded in the knee, and was carried disabled to the General Hospital. The Americans lost in the attack about one hundred killed and wounded, and six officers of Arnold's party. The British lost one officer, and seventeen killed and wounded. By the death of Montgomery the command devolved upon Arnold, who had received the rank of Brigadier General. Arnold continued the blockade, but without success, although he had received reinforcements, that swelled his army to about twe thousand men. On the 5th of May the siege was raised, and the American troops retired to Montreal. TOWN OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS. This extraordinary town, which has justly been called the Manchester of America, is situated upon the Merrimack river, about twenty-eight miles north of Boston. A very few years ago, and it was a mere hamlet of perhaps a dozen families. At about that spot there is to be sure a rapid in the Merrimack, but it was not dreamed that advantage could be taken of the waters of that broad river, until within-a very few years since. The proximity to an excellent market, the plentiful supply of water, and the tolerable fertility of the adjacent country, were the original inducements to capitalists to attempt to apply the water from the river to manufacturing purposes, by means of a canal. Accordingly a canal was opened, receiving its supply of water from the river about half a mile above the village, and after a circuitous route of about a mile, emptying again into the river below. It was immediately perceived that the water power was immense. A factory was built-another and yet another sprung up, and Lowell began to present an alluring prospect to Boston capitalists. Large companies were formed, operatives flowed in, and dwelling-houses were constantly building for the reception of new families. Nor was the new business impulse all in one line. Factories were erected for various purposes and of different extent. They were chiefly for cotton; but there were also woollen factories, and carpet factories, print works, button factories, machine shops, and amongst the rest, on a visit last fall, we observed a shop for planing boards by water power. A board eighteen inches broad, and thirty feet long was put into the machine. and it was sent through in one minute, and came out smoothly and beautifully planed. Brick stores and publick houses were erected and streets marked out with the regularity of a city. Every eligible spot upon the banks of the canal was occupied, and indeed new branches of the canal were dug for the accommodation of new manufacturing establishments. Now, Lowell has about fifteen thousand inhabitants, and the brick walls, intersecting streets, the hum of business and the smoky atmosphere above, give it the appearance of a city. Its factories now produce 39,170,040 yards of cloth in a year, and consume 12,256,400 pounds of cotton, and an immense quantity of wool. They also consume 310,000 pounds of starch; 3,800 barrels of flour for making sizing, &c., and 500,000 bushels of charcoal. The number of yards of carpeting and other woollen goods, and the quantity of other stuffs is also extremely large. The average pay of girls is one dollar ninety cents per week, clear of board; men receive eighty cents per day, clear of their board. They are paid off once in four weeks, and the sum total of their wages amounts to $89,000 for each month. The medium produce of a loom on what is called No. 14 yarn, is 38 to 49 yards per day; No. 30, 25 to 30 yards; average per spindle, 1 1-10th yards per day. It is a singular spectacle to see the factory girls, when the bell rings at twelve o'clock for dinner, streaming from the factories in a seeming endless continuity of stream. We inquired how many girls were employed in the factories; we were answered, "about three miles on 'em !" The health of the operatives is reputed to be good, and their moral condition and character excellent. 4070 Stages with six horses run from Boston to Lowell An excellent iron railway upon granite in three hours. foundation is now, however, nearly completed the whole distance, which will bring the two places much nearer On leaving Lowell for Newburyport, we together. were surprised with the beauty cf the prospect which presented itself as we ascended the hill on the eastern skirts of the village. The compact and busy brick town lay beneath us, the broad and shining Merrimack flowed on the north, distant villages were seen over the undulating country south and west, and the scenery on every side variegated and beautiful, together presented a scene, comprehended in one view, of extraordinary beauty and interest. CHINESE PUNISHMENTS, No. 3. A CULPRIT CONDUCTED TO TRIAL. In taking the culprit before the tribunal he is preceded by a man, who strikes upon a gong, that he may aggravate the shame of the offender, by drawing upon him the notice of the publick. Two others follow after him on foot, one of whom is employed in keeping up the culprit's face by means of a bundle of cleft canes. His hands are tied behind his back, and to render him more conspicuous a little red banner is fastened upon each side of his head. THE FRONTISPIECE. In order that our readers may justly appreciate the design of our Frontispiece, we give below at length, the poem which suggested it. but almost from existence. Where are those Indian A pathetick interest is awakened in the contemplation soil we tread upon was wrested from an injured Indian and injuries has swept not only from their dominions "A noble race! but they are gone, Yes, yet a few of their descendants remain. They are but the fragments of the old tribes, scattered through the wilds of the west, or roaming upon the borders of the Pacifick, without any hold upon the past, but the memory of ten thousand burning wrongs,-and without any hope in the future, but an escape from the pursuing white man, and a final resting-place in the bosom of the Pacifick. With inevitable extermination staring them in the face, a small band recently returned from their western wanderings, and have built their lodges upon a narrow strip of land, which they claim as their own, upon the banks of the Farmington river in Connecticut. There, disturbing none and desiring to be undisturbed they have chosen to breathe the short remnant of their days, with the consolation that they shall die and be buried in the land of their fathers.* The subjoined verses by William C. Bryant, express the truth with inimitable beauty. AN INDIAN AT THE BURYING-PLACE OF HIS FATHERS. It is the spot I came to seek, My father's ancient burial-place, Ere from these vales, ashamed and weak, Withdrew our wasted race. It is the spot,-I know it well Of which our old traditions tell. For here the upland bank sends out A ridge toward the river side; I know the shaggy hills about, The meadows smooth and wide; The plains, that, toward the southern sky, Fenced east and west by mountains lie. A white man, gazing on the scene, I like it not-I would the plain The sheep are on the slopes around, The cattle in the meadows feed, And labourers turn the crumbling ground, And prancing steeds, in trappings gay, Methinks it were a nobler sight To see these vales in woods arrayed, Their summits in the golden light, Their trunks in grateful shade, And herds of deer, that bounding go O'er rills and prostrate trees below. And then to mark the lord of all, The forest hero, trained to wars, Brought wreaths of beads and flowers, But now the wheat is green and high The weapons of his rest, Ah, little thought the strong and brave, That the pale race, who waste us now, They waste us-aye-like April snow But I behold a fearful sign, To which the white men's eyes are blind; The fresh and boundless wood; Those grateful sounds are heard no more. INTELLIGENCE OF BIRDS. A gentleman residing in Catskill, relates the following: "A son of his, in the early part of the season, put up a cage in his garden intended for a blue bird. Soon after it was completed, a pair of wrens paid it a visit, and becoming pleased with the tenement, took possession and commenced building a nest. Before, however, the nest was completed a pair of blue birds arrived, laid claim to the cage, and after a hard battle succeeded in ousting the wrens, and forthwith completed the nest on a plan of their own. The male wren was a bird of spirit, and not disposed to submit tamely to the injury. Some days after, watching his opportunity when his antagonist was away, he entered the cage, and commenced rolling the eggs out of the nest. He had thrown out but one when the blue bird discovered him, and with loud cries made an immediate attack. The wren sought safety in a neighbouring currant bush, and by his activity in dodging about among the branches and ground, succeeded in eluding his enraged adversary. The blue bird gave up the chase and returned to examine the condition of his nest. The egg had luckily fallen on a soft bed, and had not broken. After a careful examination, he took it in his claws and returned it safely to the nest TO SUBSCRIBERS. Our obligations to those subscribers who paid us in advance for the second volume, are herewith we believe discharged. They will please accept our grateful acknowledgements for their encouraging patronage. If their anticipations are not disappointed, we cannot resist taking the opportunity of inviting them respectfully to continue with us through another volume, the first part of which, enlarged and improved, shall be forthcoming on the first of June next. We shall endeavour to make the next volume pleasing and instructive, to the reading publick, creditable to ourselves, and not unworthy the cause of American Literature and of General Education. See PROSPECTUS. Subscribers residing in this City and in Brooklyn, will be waited upon at an early day to renew their subscriptions if they desire to do so. Those who wish to have their volumes bound can have them done in a neat style at this office, if left before the first of May. Half bound in calf, fifty cents. rumoured are expected this Spring. It is supposed they are from Half bound in calf with marbled paper and edging, five Michigan. There are about 80 men, women and children. 300 more it is shillings. |