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Various circumstances in the aspect and history of the earlier postidiluvian nations warrant the conclusion that these nations, so far from being in a state of comparative barbarism as is generally, though gratuitously, supposed, had attained a considerable degree of civilization, and that they had derived that civilization from

one common source.

mains of Indian tumuli and of Indian forts along the banks of the Ohio, and in the immediate vicinity of the lakes of Canada. But the dense forests of the Brazils, the pampas of La Plata, and the wilds of Patagonia were evidently less favourable for the preservation of the habitudes of Indian civilization; and hence we ob serve a gradual deterioration of the Indian race among the tribes that diverged into those regions from the After adverting, at length, to the great similarity of parent settlements of the southern continent, till at construction between the Mexican teocallis, or pyra-length the wretched Brazilian cannibal or the miseramids, and the temple of Bel, or Belus, at Babylon, ble inhabitant of Terra del Fuego-paddling in his and also to the pyramids of Egypt, Dr. Lang observes rude canoe in search of whale-blubber along the stormy headlands of his inhospitable isle-scarcely exhibits any evidence of his ancient descent from the bold and adventurous Malay, who had steered his beautifully carved galley from island to island across the vast Pacific, carrying along with him the knowledge and the primitive civilization of the East.

It would thus appear that the religious worship and the religious edifices of the Indo-Americans and the South Sea Islanders were an exact transcript of the worship and the edifices of the earliest and the most celebrated of the postdiluvian nations. The inference deducible from this remarkable fact is, that the forefathers of the Polynesian and Indo-American nations must have separated from the rest of mankind when the system of religious worship, that required the construction of pyramidal edifices, was generally prevalent-before the introduction of those more debasing systems of idolatry that characterized a later age, and in all probability within a few centuries of the deluge. Baron Humboldt has exhibited a great variety of striking analogies of the astronomical system of the Mexicans and Peruvians to those of the ancient Egyptians, the Tartars, the Hindoos, and Japanese. He has also observed, that the arabesques or Greek ornaments,' on the walls of the palace of Mitla'-an interesting Indo-American ruin offer a striking analogy with those of the vases of lower Italy, and with others which we find spread over the surface of almost the whole of the old continent;' but perceiving no connecting link between the inhabitants of the new, and those of the old world, he adds, that analogies of this kind are very limited proofs of the ancient communications of nations.' They are no proof whatever of such communications; but they prove incontestibly that these nations must have derived their knowledge and their civilization contemporaneously from the same ancient and primitive source. And when we find precisely similar arabesques to those which the traveller admires on the walls of Mitla, or the ancient vases of Etruria, imprinted on the skin of the New Zealander, traced on his war club, or wrought into the border of his mat, we can scarcely fail to acknowledge that the South Sea Islands must have formed the link of communication between the old world and the new; and we can scarcely fail to acknowledge also that that link must have been formed in the very infancy of society, when the earth was still wet, as it were, with the waters of the deluge.

We conclude with the subjoined very striking pas

sage:

Dr. Lang's reasonings are, throughout his volume, extremely ingenious and acute, and, in many instances absolutely conclusive. Altogether, the volume is exceedingly curious, and replete with interest. They who enjoy such inquiries will do well to compare it with some recently published works; especially, Crawford's Embassy to the Court of Ava;' 'St. John's Egypt, and Mohammed Ali;' 'Gutzlaff's Sketch of Chinese History,' &c.

BIRD CATCHING IN SCOTLAND.

It is a common sport, or rather a frequent employment at St. Kilda and other islands in Scotland to gather among the crags the eggs of the sea-fowl, and catch the birds themselves; compared with this, the part of him who 'gathers samphire' on the Dover cliffs is one of safety and pleasure. In the cavities of the It would seem, therefore, that the first discoverers of beetling craigs, the sea-fowl resort, and the natives, by America landed on the west coast of that continent, means of a rope about their middle, overhang precipisomewhere near the isthmus of Panama, at least from ces nearly one fourth of a mile in height, merely to a thousand to fifteen hundred years before the birth of look over which, would disorder any common nerves. Christ; and that their immediate descendants, travel- Yet the adventurer, with a line of many fathoms, held ling northward and southward, formed powerful and by several companions above, descends, and disenflourishing empires in both continents, far surpassing gaging himself from the rope, enters cavities in the in point of civilization the more recent empires of Mon- rock, higher than the arch of any Gothick church. This tezuma and of the Incas of Peru. In these empires, is not without danger; and many perish from falling all the knowledge and civilization that had survived stones and other casualties. It is recorded that one of the immense voyage across the Pacific Ocean were these adventurers discovered that the rope by which he preserved and turned to account; but it seems doubtful was suspended was so much chafed by an edge of a whether the scion from the tree of knowledge which rock, that he hung by a single strand; he could not had thus been transplanted from Eastern Asia, and give immediate signals to his comrades, and when he which evidently maintained its Asiatic life for many was drawn up, it was found that the extremity of his centuries, ever shot forth any additional branches in terrour had been such, as to blanch his hair. From the the American soil. The Mississippi-the gathering tops of these dizzy precipices, the mountainous waves of the waters, as the word is said to signify in the In-breaking below, seem like ripples, and the roar can dian language-would serve as the grand conductor of hardly be heard. civilization to the tribes that in successive ages ad- We cannot close without speaking of the manners vanced to the northward; and hence we find the re- and habits of the inhabitants in other respects.

31st

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Abner Hazeltine,* of Chautauque.
Thomas C. Love, of Erie.
Gideon Hard,* of Orleans.

[To fill vacancies in present Congress.]

John I. Morgan,
Charles G. Ferris,

* Members of the present Congress.

SOUNDS.

New-York.

Gaelic is still the universal language of the Highlands, though English is spoken by those who are in the habit of visiting the Lowlands. The religion is Roman Catholick, and Presbyterian. In North and South Uist, and Lewis, the former is most prevalent. Presbyterianism is more common in the other islands. The women, with a few exceptions, are almost universally ugly, owing to hard work, and constant exposure to bad weather. The men are better looking, lazy and not strong. They are an improvident race; careless of the future, and extravagantly fond of dancing to the THE difficulty of transmitting sounds to a great disbagpipes and singing. Tobacco and whiskey are their tance arises from the sound spreading and losing itself great luxuries. The poverty of their food and wretch- in the surrounding air; so that if we could confine it on ed manner of living, render rheumatick complaints and one side, as along a well-on two sides, as in a narrow premature decay very common, yet there are various street-or on all sides, as in a tube or pipe-we should instances of extraordinary longevity among the inhab- be able to convey it to great distances. In the cast-iron itants. They are all good seamen, fearless and daring; water-pipe of Paris, which formed a continuous tube and where they have been induced to emigrate, they with only two bendings near its middle, the lowest have been usually remarked for quickness of percep- whisper at one end was distinctly heard at the other, tion, and a good natural capacity. But no land, how-through a distance of 3,120 feet. A pistol fired at one ever favoured by nature, or adorned by art, appears to end actually blew out a candle at the other end, and the Highlander equal in beauty to his own barren drove out light substances with great violence. Hence rocks, and heathy moors; and in these Western Is- we see the operation of speaking tubes which pass from lands, scarcely an instance is known of any individ- one part of a building to another, and of the new kind ual, however distant his wanderings, who has not re- of bell which is formed of a wooden or tin tube, with turned to lay his bones in the shadow of his own a small piston at each end. By pushing in one piston, native hills. the air in the tube conveys the effect to the piston at the other end, which strikes against the bell-this piston being, as it were, the clapper on the outside of the bell. Quarterly Review.

NEW YORK STATE ELECTION.

Hon. Wm. L. Marcy has been elected Governour of the state of New York. Majority about 13,000.

Hon. John Tracy is elected Lt. Governour by about the same majority.

GROSS DEBASEMENT.

A report lately published by a committee of gentlemen in London for collecting facts in relation to the disgusting cases of infatuated devotion to liquor that subject of intemperance, discloses some of the most

As matters of record we give a list of the Members of Congress, that have been elected for this state. Those in roman are administration men; those in italics are anti-administration, there being nine of the lat-ever came before the publick. One case is quite enough ter and thirty one of the former.

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1st district-Abel Huntington,* of Suffolk.
Samuel Barton, of Richmond.
C. C. Cambreleng,*
Campbell P. White,*
John McKeon

3d

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Ely Moore, New-York.
Aaron Ward,* of Westchester.
Abm. Bockee,* of Dutchess.
John W. Brown,* of Orange.
Nicholas Sickles, of Ulster.
Aaron Vanderpool,* of Columbia.
Valentine Efner, of Scoharie.
Hiram P. Hunt, of Rensselaer.
Gerrit Y. Lansing,* of Albany.
John Cramer,* of Saratoga.
David Russell, of Washington
Dudley Farlin, of Warren.
Ransom H. Gillett,* St. Lawrence.
Matthias J. Bovee, of Montg'y.
Abijah Mann, jr.* of Herkimer.
Samuel Beardsley,* of Oneida.
Joel Turrill,* of Oswego.
Daniel Wardwell,* of Jefferson.
Sherman Page, of Otsego.
William Seymour, of Broome.
William Mason, of Chenango,
Joseph Reynolds, of Cortland.
Stephen B. Leonard, of Tioga.
Wm. Taylor,* of Onondaga.
Wm. K. Fuller,* of Madison.
Ulysses F. Doubleday, Cayuga.
Graham H. Chapin, Wayne.
Francis Granger, of Ontario.
Joshua Lee, of Yates.
Timothy Childs, of Monroe.
George W. Lay,* of Genesee.
Philo C. Fuller,* of Livingston.

to show the character of the report. A woman now a widow, and the aunt of a most distinguished vocalist, having seen four sons and two daughters transported, agreed to sell the teeth of her head for the means of obtaining intoxicating drink, and had actually disposed of her whole stock in that commodity, until she had reduced the number to two. The last one she sold to a dentist in Long Acre for four pence, for the purpose of purchasing gin, and she then made up her mind not to dispose of the remaining two, as the pain and trouble was worth more than four pence. Deprived of this resource, she applied to a medical man to take her body after death, which speculation he would not enter into unless she would take a certain medicine so many times a week. This rather startled her, as she was apprehensive that the medicine was intended to put the Doctor the sooner in possession of his purchase, and she did not conclude the bargain.-Courier.

SAGACITY OF A CAT.

A few days since, a cat, in a family in this neighbourhood, who had not much experience in the feline wars, encountered an old rat, so sturdy as to defy all her efforts to despatch him by the ordinary process of biting and shaking, took him deliberately to a tub of water, plunged him in, and holding him with her fore foot, drowned him. The fact was witnessed by several of the family.-New Haven Herald.

It is the men of study and thought who in the long run govern the world. The greatest moral truths spring from their discoveries; it is their writings which render their truths fruitful, which popularize them, which make them penetrate the minds of the people at large, and impress upon them an indelible character of rectitude. The spirit of union among men of science is the certain presage of the union of nations.-M. Arago.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We shall always feel grateful for original or compiled communications on useful and entertaining subjects. There is no state in the Union which is not fertile in resources of the most interesting character; and there is hardly a town which is incapable of furnishing some one individual at least, who is competent to illustrate some fact which his experience has met, worthy of detail, as interesting and useful to readers and important to science. With such individuals, and especially those who do us the favour of sending pictorial illustrations of their subjects, we gladly cherish acquaintance. But we must inform "T. X." that we want no more political tirades; and "B. W." will unquestionably excuse us from such excruciating puling fustian as he sent us. His jingle reminds us of Tom Moore's couplet, in imitation of modern poetasters;

"Last night the wind blew down our well sweep,
To day, father and I put it up again-sheep."

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

Don Pedro died at Lisbon, in September last.

William Blackwood, Esq. the editor and publisher of the celebrated Blackwood's Magazine, is also recently dead.

Lexington, Ky. Oct. 31, 1834. EXTRAORDINARY INCIDENT. A gentleman in the neighbourhood of this city, in riding across his farm a few days since, was suddenly surprised and alarmed to find his horse gradually sinking into the earth. He instantly leaped from the animal, and by so doing his own life was providentially saved. The horse continued to sink lower and lower into the earth, until he had descended one hundred and fifty feet. At this point, he became wedged between two masses of rock, and was crushed to death. The chasm or fissure, we are told, appears to have been formed, by the separation of the earth and rock in some convulsion of nature. The width of the fissure at the surface, we have not learned, but it was covered with a thin soil, which commenced giving way as soon as the weight of the gentleman and his horse was added to it.-Intelligencer.

GOLD COINAGE.-The amount of Gold coined at the mint since the passage of the new law is $2,489,900. Gold remaining uncoined Nov. 1st, $330,700.

MANUFACTORIES IN PITTSBURG.-The various manufacturing establishments of Pittsburg are thus briefly enumerated in a late number of the Gazette of that city.

There are in the city of Pittsburg, 16 Foundries and Engine Factories of the largest denomination, besides numerous other establishinents of less magnitude.

There are 9 Rolling Mills, cutting 2 tons of Nails and rolling 8 tons of Iron per day, on the average, and employing from 70 to 90 hands each.

There are 6 Cotton Factories, with an aggregate of 20,000 spindles, 116 power looms, and 770 hands.

6 extensive White Lead Factories.

5 extensive Breweries, besides small ones.

6 Steam Saw Mills.

4 Steam Grist Mills.

10 extensive Glass Works.

Upwards of 100 steam engines in full operation.

There are, moreover, innumerable establishments for the manufacture of Ploughs, Timber, Wheels, Screws of all kinds, Saddle-Trees, Machine Cards, Bells, Brass works of every description, Locks, &c. &c.-all manufactured extensively for exportation.

INQUISITION ABOLISHED IN SPAIN.-This important event is announced in a late London Patriot, in the following decree, dated 15th July.

"Art. 1. The tribunal of the Inquisition is definitively suppressed."

"2. The property, income and other goods belonging to this institution are to be applied to the payment of the publick debt." "3. The produce of the 101 canonships dependant upon the Inquisition, is to be applied to the same purpose."

4. The employees attached to this tribunal and its dependancies, who possess ecclesiastical prebends or civil employments in remuneration, shall have no right to receive their emoluments from the funds of the said tribunal."

"5. All the other employees are to receive the amount of their salaries from the sinking fund, until they have been otherwise provided for."

We earnestly hope that the honourable example thus set by Spain will seal the doom of this cruel slavish institution, which had its origin in that country. Priscillian, a mild and eloquent man, was the first victim of religious intolerance under this system. Torquemado, the Inquisitor General, is said to have tried and tortured, in the course of fourteen years, eighty thousand persons, of which six thousand were executed!

Happy for America she has no established church, no state religion, and is therefore in no danger of ever countenancing any thing like force in favour of any particular sect. Every man is here left free to form and follow his own opinions, on the subject of religion, as well as on every other, and no one has a right to throw the least impediment in his way.

STANZAS BY Mr. R. H. WILDE.
My life is like the summer rose
That opens to the morning sky,
But, ere the shades of evening close,
Is scattered on the ground to die.
Yet on that rose's humble bed
The sweetest dews of night are shed,
As if she wept such waste to see;
But none shall weep a tear for me.
My life is like the cutumn leaf
That trembles in the moon's pale ray,
Its hold is frail, its date is brief,

Restless, and soon to pass away.
Yet, ere that leaf shall fall and fade,
The parent tree shall mourn its shade,
The winds bewail the leafless tree,
But none shall breathe a sigh for me.
My life is like the prints which feet

Have left on Tempe's desert strand,
Soon as the rising tide shall beat

All trace will vanish from the sand. Yet, as if grieving to efface

All vestige of the human race,

On that lone shore loud moans the sca⚫ But none, alas! shall mourn for me. ANSWER BY A LADY OF BALTIMORK The dews of night may fall from heaven, Upon the withered rose's bed, And tears of fond regret be given,

To mourn the virtues of the dead: Yet morning's sun the dews will dry, And tears will Tade from sorrow's eye, Affection's pangs be lull'd to sleep, And even love forget to weep.

The tree may mourn its fallen leaf,

And autumn winds bewail its bloom, And friends may heave the sigh of grief,

O'er those who sleep within the tomb, Yet soon will spring renew the flowers, And time will bring more smiling hours; In friendship's heart all grief will die, And even love forget to sigh.

The sea may on the desert shore,

Lament each trace it bears away; The lonely heart its grief may pour

O'er cherish'd friendship's fast decay Yet when all trace is lost and gone, The waves dance bright and gayly on: Thus soon affection's bonds are torn, And even love forgets to mourn.

A MOUNTAIN SCENE IN VIRGINIA.
'Tis glorious all-here nature spreads
Her verdant hills, her gentle meads,
And, lavish of her bounties still,
Adorns them well with lake and rill;
Relieves, with swelling heights the plain,
Then, gently, smooths them down again;
Or, with a bolder hand, uprears
The rock of many a thousand years,
Impending darkly o'er our head,
With aspect black, and coldly dead.

Here may the eye, with curbless ken,
Survey smooth valve and sudden glen,
And--with a spirit rivalling
Our own up-soaring eagle's wing-
Track the huge masses, that, on high,
Are props and pillars to the sky-
Clad in their azure robes, that seem
To shade the home of many a dream,
Where still the red man's fancy roves
For blessed airs and flowery groves.
Yet, with reluctant spirit, still

I scan soft vale and rugged hill-
Not half the rapture they impart,
Which else had wrought my weary heart,
Wert thou, thus far remote, but here
With me their wild delights to share-
To watch with me, and still partake
The dream their thousand shows awake-
Alas! the eye but halves its view,

Unless the heart goes with it too!-W. G. SIMMS.

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seventy miles in length, with scarcely a tree to be seen in the whole distance. The reeds serve as food for cattle and horses in winter, and are an invaluable and never failing resource when the prairies yield no grass. They are an annual plant, and are young and tender in the winter. When dry they are frequently burnt, to clear the land. Cane brakes are a great annoyance to

and other objects of pursuit, while to them, they are impenetrable,

In nearly all the southern states and territories, and particularly in Louisiana and Texas, tracts of low and often marshy land are frequently met with, overgrown with the long and slender reeds which are used among us at the North as fishing rods. These tracts are called cane brakes. They sometimes grow in woods and forests as underbrush, and are as often found not intermingled with trees, but form a thick growth by them-hunters, affording a secure shelter to wolves and bears selves, almost impenetrable when the cane is dry and hard. The frequent passage of men and horses through some of them, keeps open a narrow path, not more than wide enough for two horses to go abreast conveniently, as represented above. These paths are often completely covered overhead by the reeds, which droop inward on account of the slenderness of their support and intermingle their tops directly over the path. The reeds grow about twenty feet high and upwards; and along some of these arched avenues the traveller proceeds, shut out from the view of the sky. Cane brakes not uncommonly occur of a league, and indeed of several leagues extent. In Texas, it is stated, there is one

VOL. II.

33

The green colour in the leaves of plants is produced by the mixture of carbon, which is probably of a deep blue, with the cellular texture, which is of a whitish yellow. The carbon is obtained partly from the earth, partly from the air: but light is necessary for plants to decompose the carbonick gas, of which they retain the carbon only, without the oxygen: and therefore, plants growing in darkness are not green, but white endive, &c. This also accounts for the bending of or yellow; as those are which are earthed up, celery, plants towards the light.

HISTORY.

CANAAN.

Canaanites, and endeavoured to withstand the destruction which alike threatened them all. Jobab the king of Madon, and the king of Shimron, of Achshaph, the kings on the north of the mountains, and those in the plains south of Cinneroth, and in the valley, and on the borders of the Dor on the west, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite and the Hivite, and the Canaanites generally, all confederated together against Israel.

This army, according to Josephus, 1. 5. c. 1. consisted of 300,000 foot, 10,000 horse, and 20,000 armed chariots. They encamped at Beroth, a city of the upper Galilee, near the waters of Merom. Here, Joshua having marched 60 miles in five days, came upon them by surprise, and completely routed them; and Josephus says, "such a number was slain as could not be believed by those that heard it." The Anakims, whom we have heretofore spoken of as a fierce and barbarous race inhabiting some of the mountains of Canaan, were also invaded and cut off; and thus by degrees the greatest part of the land of Canaan fell into the hands of the Israelites to whom it had been "promised" years before.

The history of Canaan during the period we are considering, namely, from the year 1491 to 1004 before Christ, seems identified with that of the Jews. As the latter gradually took possession of their land soon after the year 1491 B. C. the curse of Noah, as contained in Gen. ix. 25, began to be realized. On the first approach of Moses to the borders of Canaan the Amalekites joined the inhabitants and repulsed him with great slaughter. About this time Sihon king of the Amorites, invaded the children of Moab and Ammon and dispossessed them mostly of their country. Arad was a king in the southeast of Canaan, who repulsed Moses at a second approach, but he was soon vanquished, and his country destroyed. Sihon soon after this rejecting the request of Moses for a free passage through his country, attacked the Israelites, but was himself totally overthrown. Og was another king among the inhabitants of Canaan, and the last of the race of giants. He had an iron bedstead nine cubits long. His kingdom, called Bashan, consisted of sixty walled towns, besides villages, and the country afford- The land of Canaan was then divided by Joshua ed an excellent breed of cattle, and fine oak timber. into lots, for the accommodation of the tribes of Israel. He fell in battle, as he was espousing the cause of After this division, the Canaanites that were left, havSihon, and attempting to stop the progress of Moses, ing remained unmolested for about twenty years, were and his whole kingdom was transferred to the Israel- again hunted out and slain by thousands wherever ites. Jericho was the first point of attack by the Jews they could be found. Adonibezek, who had caused under Joshua, who overcame it by a miracle, and de- the thumbs and great toes of seventy Canaanite kings stroyed all the inhabitants but one woman and her to be cut off, and compelled them to eat meat under his family who had been instrumental in saving the spies table like dogs, was himself taken by the Jews and that had been sent into this city by Joshua; a curse subjected to the same punishment. Sisera, who had was pronounced upon the man that should ever at- expected to crush Israel under the wheels of his chatempt to rebuild it. Joshua.also took a little state riots of Iron, of which according to some, he had nine called Ai, by stratagem. The king of Ai, who had hundred in his army, though the authority is doubtreceived an accession to his forces from Bethel, see- ful, was put to flight, and perished by the hand of a ing Joshua before his walls with a formidable force woman, who drove a nail into his temples. With Siresolved to engage him; which he no sooner offered sera and Jabin, perished the hopes of the unfortunate to do than the Israelites faced about and fled, and he Canaanites. Driven from every quarter by the invadordered every man out of the city to pursue the enemying Israelites, and subjected to slavery when overtaken, that feigned only to run before him. The Israelites they had no peace either in flight or submission. To lying in ambush seized upon the defenceless city and complete their misfortunes they were attacked in Geset it on fire. Ai's army was intercepted and destroy-zer, one of their last resorts, by Pharaoh; and doubted to the number of 12,000, and Ai himself was taken and hung. The Gibeonites escaped the common fate by deceiving their enemies, the Jews, into an alliance, pretending they came from a distant country. Joshua spared them their lives, but when he discovered the deceit, he condemned them to slavery. Five kings leagued together, and placed Adonibezek king of Jerusalem, at the head of their forces to stop the progress of Joshua. But the latter general compelled the confederate kings to retire with the utmost precipitation, and in their retreat, a tempest of hail stones fell of such enormous size that they did more execution than the sword of Joshua. Joshua is said to have prolonged the day. or as it is expressed, commanded the sun to stand still, to complete their defeat; he overtook these kings and hung them at the entrance of a cave where they had taken refuge. Jabin, king of Hazor, hearing of the discomfiture of so many chiefs of the nation, collected together all the tribes of the

less without the least provocation. That city was burnt and the inhabitants murdered. Thus opposed by the Israelites on the one hand, and the power of Egypt on the other, the remnants of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites were scattered and destroyed. Some were buried under the ruins of their cities, which others had abandoned filled with rage and indignation. Some travelled into Africa, and set tled there, erecting a monument in memory of the calamities which had driven them from their native place. In their way thither they are supposed to have seized on lower Egypt, where they erected monarchies, which has induced some to think them the Phoenician pastors who lorded it so long over Egypt. They were at last driven farther westward into Africa.

Others of the Canaanites formed settlements on the sea coast, where commerce and their improvements in navigation and the useful arts rendered them celebrated by the name of Phoenicians. A small part of them

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