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F. Doubtful. Right arm broken off, left hand holding what may be an earthen vessel. The series is so interesting that I hope, if an opportunity occurs again, the rest of the choir bosses will be photographed, as well as those in the nave of the fifteenth century, and which, as far as one can judge from the ground level, are imitations of

those in the choir.

Monuments. It now only remains to give the inscriptions still left on the monuments of former abbots.

John de Shirburne, elected 1368. A large alabaster slab in the choir bears the following:

"In Selby natus, Johannes de Shirburne vocitatus
Funere prostratus, abbas jacet hic tumulatus:
Annis ter denis notus, vixit bene plenis,
Qui demptis pœnis, turmis jungatur amoenis.

Amen."

This abbot was one of the principal witnesses for Lord Scroope in the famous suit with Sir Robt. Grosvenor, respecting the right to wear the "azure, a bend or" for his

arms.

William Pygot, elected 1407, died 1429. Monument in north aisle :

"Hic jacet Will. Pygot quondam abbas istius
monasterii qui obiit xxvi mensis Junii

an. dom. millessimo ccccxxix. Cujus animæ
propicietur Deus. Amen."

John Cave, elected 1429, died 1436 :

"Hic jacet Johannes Cave quondam abbas istius
monasterii qui obiit nono die mensis Junii
A.D. mcccc xxxvi. Cujus animæ
propicietur Deus. Amen."

Lawrence Selby, elected 1486, died 1504. A large slab, having a full-length figure, and the arms of the monastery :

"Hic jacet Lawrentius Selby quondam abbas istius
monasterii qui obiit iii calendi Aprilis A.D.
mcccciv. Cujus animæ propicietur Deus.

Amen.'

John Barwic, elected 1522, died 1526. This is a very fine slab, bearing the effigy of an abbot in full canonicals, with his hands joined in prayer, and holding a crozier in his right hand :

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"Fato lugefero jacet hic tellure Joh'es
Dom" Barwic' op'e valde bon' Bis binis
a' nis Pastor laudabile cunctis exempla
sic penetratur pola q' obiit kl' Apl'

anno d'ni MDXXVI. C' an'æ p'p't D'."

He was the last man who died as Abbot of Selby, his successor being pensioned off with the then large sum of £100 a year, when the Abbey was dissolved in 1540.

NOTES.

Note 1.--I must acknowledge my obligations to the Rev. A. G. Tweedie, and to Mr. Curtis of the firm of Ward and Hughes, for information respecting the authority for restoration of the window. Also to the former for a loan of his photographic negatives of the bosses, and to the latter for the loan of his beautiful drawing of the window; and to Mr. McLeish, of Darlington, for a set of photos of the bosses from Mr. Tweedie's negatives.

I

Note 2.-In the former part of this paper (p. 93) I said that "Selby Abbey Church is the only monastic church in Yorkshire which is not wholly or in part a ruin". wish it to be understood that I meant monastic only. Churches at Allerton-Maulevere, Birstal, and Snaith, all still in use, were parochial as well as Benedictine churches; and Lastingham, though a cell of Whitby, 1078-88, became a parish Church only on the removal of the Benedictine monks to St. Mary's, York, 1299.

My statement that St. Mary's, Scarborough, is the only Cistercian church in the country still in use must be rather qualified, as I find that Holme-Cultram, in Cumberland, still has six bays of the nave (without the aisle or clerestory) still in use; that Merevale, Warwickshire, has a church that used to be the Pilgrim's Chapel, connected with the Cistercian Abbey; and that the church at Margam, South Wales, was founded as a Cistercian Abbey, 1147, on the site of an ancient parish church, Pendar (or oak promontory), and so has part of the nave still used as the parish church. In naming the monastic churches of Bolton and Scarborough as still having their naves in use, but choirs destroyed, I might have added Bridlington, a church of the Augustinian canons, to which the same remark applies.

EARLY NORMAN SCULPTURE AT LINCOLN AND SOUTHWELL.

BY J. ROMILLY ALLEN, ESQ., F.S.A.SCOT.

(Read at the Lincoln Congress, 1889.)

DURING the present Congress of the British Archæological Association, held at Lincoln, our members will have an opportunity of seeing some exceptionally fine examples of early Norman sculpture. It occurred to me, therefore, that a few remarks on a subject which I have made my special study might perhaps induce some of us to look with increased interest upon the Bible pictures in stone that formed so marked a feature in the decoration of the ecclesiastical buildings of the twelfth century. Like the paintings brought back from Rome, in A.D. 675, by Benedict Biscop, to adorn his Church of St. Peter at Weremouth, these sculptures were placed in prominent positions, "so that everyone who entered the church, even if they could not read, whenever they turned their eyes might have before them the loving countenance of Christ and His Saints, though it were but in a picture, and with watchful minds might meditate upon the benefits of the Lord's Incarnation, and having before their eyes the perils of the Last Judgment, might examine their hearts more strictly on that account."

Bede's words apply almost exactly to the frieze of Norman sculpture on the west front of Lincoln Cathedral, where the tortures of the damned are portrayed in a sufficiently realistic manner to strike terror into the soul of the most hardened sinner.

The Norman Cathedrals in England were so quickly transformed and re-modelled, owing to the rapid changes in style, which followed the introduction of the pointed arch, that no complete examples are now left to show what the scheme of the decoration of the whole fabric

was like. We can only, therefore, assume that in a smaller way it resembled that of the more splendid

1 Bede's Lives of the Holy Abbots (Giles edition), vol. iv, p. 369.

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