The Life of Sir William Petty, 1623-1687, &c., by Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice. London. John Murray. 1895. 8vo. pps. [15] and 335. William Petty, born 1623, was son of a clothier at Romsey. Starting in life as a cabin boy with absolutely nothing, he was educated at the Jesuits' College at Caen, became Fellow of Brasenose, Oxford, and Deputy Professor of Anatomy, and soon after Physician-General to the Army in Ireland. Here he was appointed Secretary to Henry Cromwell, and carried out the great "Down Survey" which still forms the legal title on which half the land in Ireland is held; in payment for which he received a large grant of land in Kerry, to which he added by subsequent purchases. (Refusing a peerage himself, his wife was created Baroness Shelburne by James II. Her son, Charles, Lord Shelburne, was attainted and his estates sequestrated in 1689, but they were restored in 1690. He died without issue in 1696. The barony was revived in 1699, in favour of his brother Henry, who was created Viscount Dunkerron and Earl of Shelburne in 1719. These titles became extinct on his death without issue in 1751, when the estates passed to his nephew, John Fitzmaurice, the second surviving son of Thomas Fitzmaurice, Earl of Kerry, who had married Anne, daughter of Sir William Petty.)

Sir William Petty was a scientific man and a mechanical genius of great attainments. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society, and he wrote largely on what would now be called political economy-anticipating in many respects the conclusions afterwards reached by Adam Smith and others--and in this and other respects was largely in advance of his age. Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice has founded the present "Life" mainly upon the large collection of MSS. and letters now at Bowood, which originally belonged to Sir William. The book is well written, has a map of Ireland, a plate of Sir William's most notable invention—the double-bottom ship-and two admirable reproductions of portraits-by what appears to be a new process. Favourably reviewed in the Times, March 1st; Guardian, March 20th; Devizes Gazette, March 28th; Standard, April 4th, 1895.

Crystallography: a Treatise on the Morphology of Crystals, by N. Story-Maskelyne, M.A., F.R.S. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1895. Cr. 8vo. pps. xii. and 521, with numerous diagrams.

This is a strictly scientific work intended for students of a subject on which the author is to quote the Times-" one of the first living authorities."

An Historical Sketch of the Town of Hungerford, in the County of Berks, including a List of Constables, and Extracts from their Accounts, together with an Abstract of the ancient Town Records, and other local documents, by Walter Money, F.S.A. Newbury. 1894. 8vo. Cloth. pps. 73.

Hungerford, consisting of four tithings, one of which is wholly in Wiltshire, and another partly so, is an ancient borough by prescription, of which the chief officer is the constable, elected yearly on Hock Tuesday (the Tuesday following the 2nd Sunday after Easter). On this occasion certain quaint survivals of

VOL. XXVIII.-NO. LXXXIII.

old ceremonial still exist at Hungerford. In the old days the two tithingmen then appointed to keep watch and ward over the town" were entitled to demand on Hock Tuesday a penny a head from the townspeople for services rendered during the year. The duties have long since ceased, but the emolument is still claimed; and the two officers parade the town, each carrying a staff tastefully ornamented with flowers, surmounted by an orange, and bedecked with blue ribbon. If the penny is refused, all the females in the house must submit to be kissed by the tithingmen, who are commonly called "Tuttimen " (Tutty= a nosegay). On the following Friday the court baron is held at which the officers elect are sworn in."

The author disclaims any idea of this little book being anything more than its title indicates, a slight sketch of the history of a town which possesses an interesting past and a great deal of documentary material which has never yet been made use of. He gives the derivation of the name as "Hingwar's-ford," relying on the statement of the chronicler in the "Book of Hyde," who writes "After the murder of King Edmund by the Danes, the Danes Hingwar and Hubba usurped the kingdom. Which Hingwar was drowned as he was crossing a morass in Berkshire, which morass is called to this day by the people of that county Hyngerford." He then touches on the site of the Battle of Ethandune; the manorial history and its connection with the Hungerford family; the rectory; the old Church-destroyed in 1814-of which he gives us a reproduction from an old print; its monuments, &c.; historical occurrences as connected with the Civil War and the Revolution of 1688, &c. Then follows an appendix, with a list of the constables from 1550, the seneschals of the manor from 1621, an interesting series of extracts from the constables' accounts which begin in 1658, an abstract of documents relating to the manor, and extracts from the churchwardens' accounts beginning in 1659. A noticeable point about both the constables' and the churchwardens' accounts is the great number of travellers and vagrants relieved, or whipped, in some cases botă whipped and relieved, which is doubtless accounted for by the situation of Hungerford on the great western road.

In the notice of the manors and free chapels of North Standen, or Standen Chaworth, and South Standen, or Standen Hussey-both in the county of Wilts, though in the parish of Hungerford—the author states that the chapel of the latter has wholly disappeared, whilst that of the former is still standing, with most of its walls of the end of the twelfth century, intact, and now converted into a barn. An extract from the Report of the Commissioners of 1819, as to the charities of Hungerford completes this very interesting "sketch."

Magazine Articles, &c., on Wiltshire Subjects.

Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 6, June, 1894, opens with the commencement of an historical paper entitled "Anuals of Purton," by S. J. Elyard, illustrated by a charming drawing of the Church from the south-east and a small sketch of Ringsbury Camp. The author does not give Wiltshiremen due credit for their preservation of ancient place-names when he says that the "ancient name of the forest of Braden is only perpetuated in Bradenstoke Abbey and Braden Pond." In truth a great part of the area of the ancient forest is still commonly known as Braden to the dwellers in North Wilts. This is followed by " Wiltshiremen at C.C.C., Oxford," containing interesting notices of John Spenser, Augustine Goldesborough, and John Hales, with a fac-simile of the signature of the latter. "Bygone Days" occupies six pages with not specially valuable reminiscences of London, Oxford, and Castle Combe, by "M." Then come five pages of a list of "Wiltshire Wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury," which when completed will be of great assistance to genealogists. "Some old Churches in the neighbourhood of Chippenham" and "Stanley Abbey" are a series of desultory notes of no great value. "Wiltshire Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine" "The Porch House at Potterne" (in which the remarkable statement occurs that no such tools as the saw or plane existed when it was built!) and a series of Queries and Replies, and Notes on Books close the number.

No. 7, September, 1894. Mr. Elyard continues his annals of Purton, and gives a view of Purton Street to illustrate them. "Wiltshire Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine" and "Bygone Days" are continued from the last number. "Some Wiltshire Folk-lore" contains notes on quaint old beliefs and customs quite worth preserving. T.S.M. contributes an interesting note on the old manor-house of Quidhampton, and "Dr. Pope's Poem on Sarum," with Queries and Replies (the most interesting on the family of Poole, of Oaksey) bring the number to an end.

No. 8, December, 1891. Mr. Elyard continues his Annals of Purton, illustrated by a drawing of the interior of the Church. In this number he is occupied with the fortunes of the families of Maleward, Walerand, and Periton, who in the thirteenth century were the principal landowners in the parish, and with the Keynes and Paynels, who succeeded to the estates of the Peritons. Then follow eight pages of "Wiltshire Wills," and a note on George and Jane Chandler, Quakers, who emigrated in 1687, from somewhere in the Pewsey Vale, and-if American papers are to be believed-founded a clan in the States which now numbers upwards of three thousand members. Recollections of Bygone Days, which are continued by M.E.Z., do not contribute much to our knowledge of Wiltshire. The five pages of Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine include an interesting story of one Mary Smith, of Devizes, who

shipped to America in 1744 as a boy. Notes on Salisbury Cathedral, on a Poll Book of 1705, Queries and Replies on various subjects, and Notes on Books complete the number.

No. 9, March, 1895, opens with an account and an illustration of the Old Timber House in Wine Street Alley, Devizes, which it seems likely may be shortly pulled down. "Blagden House," Keevil, is mentioned as a timber house of the same character-but the well-known house at Keevil is not "Blagden House," as this is built of stone. Five pages of Wiltshire Wills and six of Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine follow. Then a couple of pages of Mr. Elyard's Annals of Purton, with a nice drawing of the Postern Door at Lord Clarendon's. The abduction of Miss Smith at Broad Somerford, in 1774, is a curious story of the last century. Notes on the Chandler Family, and on the position of "Kingsbridge," from which the hundred takes its name, follow. "T.S.M." has been at considerable pains to trace the exact position of the bridge, and believes, on the authority of Mr. Henry Simpkins, of Lyneham, that the bridge crossing the brook at Shaw Neck, on the road from Bushton to Calne, is the spot. Mr. Simpkins says that seventy years ago that spot was pointed out to him as the place from which the hundred was named. Another interesting note is that by Mr. Parsons on a volume of poems by Mrs. Marian Dark, daughter of Mr. Henry Stiles, of Whitley, Calne, published in 1818. Queries and Replies on various subjects and an obituary notice of George Mayo follow.

Cr. 8vo.

Capt. Hopewell Hayward Budd, R.N.: a Biographical Sketch. This little pamphlet is a recent reprint of a notice which appeared in the "Devizes and North Wilts Gazette" November 22nd, 1869, together with an account of the Chippenham Ploughing Match from the same paper in 1844, and letters from Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith in 1812, pressing Lieut. Budd's claim to promotion for long and active service in Egypt, at Acre, at Scylla, and elsewhere, on the notice of Lord Melbourne, as well as one signed by ten magistrates of the Marlborough and Swindon Division in 1830, also addressed to Lord Melbourne, stating that his "unwearied and extraordinary gallantry and spirited exertions have contributed in no slight degree to the present pacific state of the County of Wilts." This was at the time of the machine-breaking riots, when Captain Budd, having retired from the Navy, was occupying a large farm at Winterbourne Bassett, where, by his resolute courage, he gave the first check to the rioters who were then terrorising the farmers of North Wilts. Captain Budd was buried at Winterbourne, aged 90, in 1869. Two photographic portraits from miniatures are inserted in the memoir.

"Truffle-hunting in Wiltshire," by P. Anderson Graham, in Longman's Magazine for March, 1895, is a very full and pleasantly-written article on a subject which has attracted unusual attention of late, having already been briefly dealt with in the English Illustrated Magazine for November, 1893, and the Standard of 6th October last. We note that the centre of the industry is Winterslow, and that the pick of the season lasts only some four

months, so that the truffle-man has to fall back upon hurdle-making or labourer's work during great part of the year. The best hunting-ground is under beech trees in a wood of from twenty to forty years' growth, and the dogs used are half-bred poodles.

Malmesbury Abbey. A descriptive article, by R. W. Paul, on the building is given in The Builder of March 2nd, 1895, well illustrated by a good process reproduction of a fine old engraving of the south porch (said to be by Le Keux, but which appears really to be that engraved by Basire for the Society of Antiquaries), reproductions of good pencil drawings of the south side and of the interior, by A. Needham Wilson, with ground-plan and smaller drawings of a view in the south aisle, the carvings on the rood-screen, King Athelstan's tomb, the watching loft, and armorial tiles, by R. W. Paul. A list of the sculptures of the south porch, made in 1634, is reprinted from "Brayley's Graphic and Historical Illustrator."

Littlecote. The Rev. A. H, Malan contributes to the May number of the Pall Mall Magazine a pleasantly-written chatty article on Littlecote, discussing shortly the evidence for and against the traditional stories of Wild Darrell and Judge Popham, and describing the house and its contents. The paper is lavishly illustrated with excellent photo half-tone plates of the Hall, the Dutch Parlour, and the Room used by William of Orange, and with sketches of the House from the Ramsbury Road, the North and South Fronts, the Wings at the West End, Staircase, Hall, Haunted Chamber, the Judge's Chair and Thumb-stocks, the Silver Mace of Charles the First's Life Guards and Greybeard Jug, the Long Gallery, the Tulip Trees, and the portraits of Nell Gwynne, Chief Justice Popham, Lord Burleigh, Anne Dudley, and the Spanish Lady.

Richard Jefferies. No. III. of the "Poet Naturalists," by W. H. Jupp, in Great Thoughts, March 23rd and 30th, 1895; and “Nature and Eternity," in Longman's Magazine, May, 1895 (vide page 166 of this number of Wilts Arch. Mag.).

Woodbridge House, Potterne. The Devizes Gazette, April 25th, 1895, has a letter giving an account of a curious ghost story connected with this house-the scene of the recent murder.

Salisbury Palace. An article on this subject appears in the Sunday Magazine for February and March, pp. 118-123, 188–193. It is well illustrated by the following views, reproduced from excellent pen drawings by Alexander Ansted:-the Terrace Walk, Beauchamp Tower, Bishop's Entrance to the Cloisters, the Original Portion of the Palace, the old and new Front Doorways, the Palace and Cathedral from the south, the Undercroft, the Interior of the Chapel and the North Front. The letterpress-one of the last works undertaken by the Rev. Precentor Venables before his death-is, it is hardly necessary to add, whether dealing with the architecture or the history of the Palace, at once accurate and interesting.