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frost. To the end of March, dark, harsh weather, with frequent showers. To April 4, windy, with showers. To the end of May, bright, dry, warm weather, with a few occasional showers. From June 28 to July 17, heavy rains. To August 12, hot dry weather. To the end of September, alternate showers and sunshine. To November 22, dry, cool weather. To the end of the year, hard frost.

1789. To January 13, hard frost. To the end of the month, mild, with showers. To the end of February, frequent rain, with snow-showers and heavy gales of wind. To 13th March, hard frost, with snow. To April 18, heavy rain, with frost and snow and sleet. To the end of April, dark cold weather, with frequent rains. To June 9, warm spring weather, with brisk winds and frequent showers. From June 4 to the end of July, warm with much rain. To August 29, hot, dry, sultry weather. To September 11, mild, with frequent showers. To the end of September, fine autumnal weather, with occasional showers. To November 17, heavy rain, with violent gales of wind. To December 18, mild dry weather, with a few showers. To the end of the year, rain and wind.

1790. To January 16, mild foggy weather, with occasional rains. To January 21, frost. To January 28, dark, with driving rains. To February 14, mild, dry weather. To February 22, hard frost. To April 5, bright cold weather, with a few showers. To April 15, dark and harsh, with a deep snow. To April 21, cold cloudy weather, with ice. To June 6, mild spring weather, with much rain. From July 3, to July 14, cool, with heavy rain. To the end of July, warm, dry weather. To August 6, cold, with wind and rain. To August 24, fine harvest weather. To September 5, strong gales, with driving showers. To November 26, mild autumnal weather, with frequent showers. To December 1, hard frost and snow. To the end of the year, rain and snow, and a few days of frost.

1791. To the end of January, mild, with heavy rains. To the end of February, windy, with much rain and snow. From March to the end of June, mostly dry,especially June. March and April, rather cold and frosty. May and June, hot. July, rainy. Fine harvest weather, and pretty dry, to the end of September. Wet October, and cold towards the end. Very wet and stormy in November. Much frost in December.

1792. Some hard frost in January, but mostly wet and mild.

February, some hard frost and a little snow.

March, wet and cold. April, great storms on the 13th, then some very warm weather. May and June, cold and dry. indifferent harvest, rather late and wet. wet. October, showery and mild. November, dry and fine. December, mild.

July, wet and cool; September, windy and

Measure of Rain in Inches and Hundreds.

Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. | April May June July Aug. | Sept. | Oct. Nov. Dec. | Total 1782. 4.64 1.98 6.54 4.57 6.34 1.75 7.09 8.28 3.72 1.93 2 51 0.91 50.26 1783. 4.435.54 2.160.882.84 2.82 1.45 2.24 5.52 1.71 3:01 1.10 33.71 1784.3.18 0.773.823.921.523.65 2.40 3.882.51 0.39 4.703.06 33.80 1785. 2.84 1.800.30 0.170.60 1.393.80 3.215.94 5.21 2.274. 231.55 1786. 6.91 1.42 1.62 1.81 2.40 1.20 1.99 4.344.795. 44.38 1787.0.88 3.67 4.28 0.742.60 1.50 6.53 0.831.565. 44. 95. 636.24 1788. 1.60 3.37 1.31 0.61 0.76 1.27 3.58 3.225.710. 00.86 0.23 22.50 1789.4.48 4.112.47 1.81 4. 54.243.690.992.825. 43.67 4.62 42.1790. 1.99 0.490.45 3.644.38 0.13 3.24 2.300.66 2.10 6.95 5.94 32.27 1791. 6.734.64 1.59 1.13 1.33 0.91 5.56 1.73 1.73 6.49 8.164.93 44.93 1792. 6.7. 1.686.70 4.08 3.00 2.785.164.25 5.53 5.55 1.65 2.11 48.56 1793. 3.71 2.323.33 3.191.21

313

A COMPARATIVE VIEW

OF THE

CALENDAR OF NATURE,

AS KEPT BY THE REV. G. WHITE AT SELBORNE IN HAMPSHIRE, AND WILLIAM MARKWICK, ESQ., AT CATSFIELD, NEAR BATTLE IN SUSSEX, FROM 1768 TO 1793.

Of the abbreviations used, fl. signifies flowering; l. leafing; and ap. the first appearance; the dates, when more than one, express the earliest and latest times at which the circumstance was observed.

Redbreast (erythaca Europaea) sings
Larks (alauda arvensis) congregate
Nuthatch (sitta Europa) heard
Winter aconite (helleborus hiemalis) fl.
Shellese snail or slug (limax) ap.
Gray &
White
Missel thrush (merula viscivora) sings
Bearsfoot (helleborus foetidus) fl.
Polyanthus (primula vulgaris, var.) A.
Double daisy (bellis perennis plena) fl.
Mezereon (daphne mezereum) f.
Pansie (viola tricolor) fl.

(motacilla cinerea) ap.

wagtail (motacilla domestica) ap.

Red dead-nettle (lamium purpureum) fi.
Groundsel (senecio vulgaris) f..

Hazel (corylus avellana) fi.

Hepatica (anemone hepatica) fl.

Hedge dunnock (accentor modularis) sings

Common flies (inusca domestica) seen in numbers

Greater titmouse (parus hortensis) sings

Thrush (merula musica) sings

Insects swarm under sunny hedges

Primrose (primula vulgaris) fl.

Bees (apis mellifica) ap..

Gnats play about

Chaffinches, male and female (spiza leucoptera)

seen in equal numbers

Furze or goose (nlex europæus) fl.

Wall flower (cheiranthus cheiri; seu fruticulosus

of Smith) fl.

[blocks in formation]

WHITE.

Jan. 1-12.

Jan. 1-18.

Jan. 1-14.
Jan. 1. Feb. 18.
Jan. 2

Jan. 2-11.

Jan. 2-14.
Jan. 2. Feb. 14.
Jan. 2. April 12.
Jan. 2. Feb. 1
Jan. 3. Feb. 16.
Jan. 3.
Jan. 3-21.
Jan. 3-15.
Jan. 3. Feb. 28.
Jan. 4. Feb. 18.
Jan. 5-12.
Jan. 5. Feb. 3.
Jan. 6. Feb. 6.
Jan. 6-22.
Jan. 6.

Jan. 6. April 7.
Jan. 6. March 19.
Jan. 6. Feb. 3.

Jan. 6-11.

Jan. 8. Feb 1.

Jan. 8. April 1.
Jan. 8-12.
Jan. 9.
Jan. 9.

Jan. 9-11.

Jan. 10. Feb. 11.
Jan. 10.

Jan. 10. Feb. 5.

• Quere, the common snow-flock (plectrophanes nivalis) ?-Ed.

MARKWICK.

Jan. 3-31, and again Oct. 16. Feb. 9. [Oct. 6. March 3. April 10. Feb. 28. April 17. Jan. 16. May 31. Jan. 24. March 26. Dec. 12. Feb. 23. Feb. 19. April 14. March 1. May 5. Jan. 1. April 9. March 17. April 29. Jan. 2. April 4. Jan. 1. May 10.

Jan. 1. April. 5.
Jan. 1. April 9.
Jan. 21. March 11.
Jan. 17. April 9.
Jan. 16. March 13.
May 15.

Feb. 17. March 17.
Jan. 15. April 4.

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Yellow Wagtail (budytes flavissima) ap.

Honeysuckle (lonicera pericly menum) 1.

Jan. 23 March 5.
Jan. 23. Feb. 1.
Jan. 24. Feb. 21.
Jan. 24. Feb. 15.
Jan. 25. March 4.
Jan. 25. April 14.
Jan. 25.

Field or procumbent speedwell (veronica agrestis) fl. Jan. 27. March 15.

Nettle butterfly (vanessa urticæ) ap.

White wagtail (motacilla domestica) chirps
Shell-snail (helix nemoralis) ap.

Earth-worms engender

Barren strawberry (fragaria sterilis) fl.
Blue tit (parus cæruleus) chirps

Brown wood-owls hoot

Hen (gallus domesticus) sits

Jan. 27. April 2.

Jan. 28.

Jan. 28. Feb. 24.

Jan. 30.

Feb 7. June 12.

Jan 20. March 19.

Jan. 12. Feb. 27, sings till
[Nov. 13.

Feb. 28. April 17.
Feb. 12. April 19, last seen
[Nov. 24.

Jan. 27. March 11.
Jan. 28. June 5.
Jan. 21. Feb. 26.

April 13. July 3, last seen
Jan. 1. April 9. [Sept. 8.
Feb. 12. March 29.

March 5. April 24, last
March 16. [seen June 6
April 2. June 11.

Feb. 1. March 26. Jan. 13. March 26.

April 27.

Feb. 1.

Feb. 2.

Feb. 3.

March 8 hatches.

Marsh tit begins his two harsh sharp notes
Gossamer floats

Feb 3.

Feb. 4. April 1.

Musca tenax, ap.

Feb. 4. April 8.

Laurustine (viburnum tinus) fl.

Feb. 5.

Jan. 1. April 5.

Butcher's broom (ruscus aculeatus) fl.

Feb. 5.

Fox (canis vulpes) smells rank

Feb. 7.

Turkey-cocks strut and gobble

Feb. 10.

Yellow-bunting (emberiza citrinella) sings

Feb. 12.

Brimstone butterfly (gonepteryx rhamni) ap.

Feb. 13. April 2.

Green woodpecker (picus viridis) makes a loud cry Feb. 13. March 23.

[blocks in formation]

European thickuee (oedicnemus Europaeus) clamours Feb. 27. April 24.

Feb. 27.

Feb. 27. April 5.
February.

Feb. 28. March 24.
Feb. 28. March 22.

Jan. 1. May 10.

May 19, young brought [forth.

Feb. 18. April 28.

Feb. 13. March 8, last seen
Jan. 1 April 17. [Dec. 24.
April 1, has young ones.
Feb. 2. April 11. [June 1.
Feb. 18. April 13.
Feb. 28. March 5.
Feb. 16. March 20.
Feb. 8. March 31.
February 8.

Jan. 25. March 26.
Feb. 28. May 5.
Feb. 23. May 6, last seen
[Oct. 28.
April 27. June 17.

Feb. 26. April 18.
Feb. 27. April 11..
March 9. April 20.
Feb. 7. April 5.

June 17.

Jan. 25. March 26.
March 2. August 10.
Feb. 28. April 5.
March 15. July 1.
Feb. 9. April 10, tadpoles
[March 19.

[blocks in formation]

Chrysomela Gotting. ap.

Black ants (formica nigra) ap.

Ephemere bisetæ, ap.

Gooseberry (ribes grossularia) 1.

Common Stitchwort (stellaria holostea) f.

Wood anemone (anemone nemorosa) fl.
Blackbird (merula nigra) lays

Raven (corvus corax) sits

Wheatear (saxicola oenanthe) ap.

Musk wood crowfoot (adoxa moschatellina) fl.

Darkfooted pettychaps(sylvia loquax) ap.

Fumaria bulbosa, f.

Elm (ulmus campestris) fl.

Turkey (meleagris gallopavo) lays

House pigeons (columba livia) sit Marsh marigold (caltha palustris) fl. Buzz-fly (bombylius medius) ap. Bank swallow (hirundo riparia) ap. Snake (natrix torquatus) ap.

Horse ant (formica herculeana) ap.

Greenfinch (fringilla chloris) sings
Ivy (hedera helix) berries ripe
Periwinkle (vinca minor) f.
Spurge laurel (daphne laureola) fl.
Swallow (hirundo garrula) ap.

Black-cap (ficedula atricapilla) heard

Young ducks hatched

March 6. April 18. Feb. 23. April 22.

March 10-18.

Feb. 13. April 20, last

[seen Dec. 25.

April 29 emerge

July 1 has young ones.

March 16. April 13.

March 12. April 30. April 15. May 22, seen

March 12.

[Dec. 23. Jan. 26.

Feb. 26. March 28.

March 13-20.

Jan. 24 April 22.

March 15. May 21.

April 2. May 27.

March 15.

[blocks in formation]

March 30. May 16, sits
[May 27, last seen Oct. 23.

Feb. 17. April 25.
March 18-25, sits April
[4, young ones April 30.
March 20 young hatched.
March 22. May S.
March 15. April 30.
April 8. May 16, last
[seen Sept. 8.
March 3. April 29, last
[seen Oct. 2.

March 22. April 18. Feb. 4. March 26, last [seen Nov. 12.

March 22. April 22 March 6. April 26.

March 23. April 14.
March 25.
March 25. April 1.
March 26. April 20.

March 26. May 4.

March 27.

Golden saxifrage (chrysosplenium oppositifolium) fl. March 27. April 9. Eave swallow (hirundo urbica) ap.

Double hyacinth (hyacinthus orientalis) fl.
Young geese (anser domesticus)
Wood sorrel (oxalis acetosella) fl.

Ring ouzel (merula torquata) seen

Barley (hordeum vulgare) sown

March 28. May 1.

March 29. April 22. March 29.

Feb. 16. May 19.
Feb. 6. May 7.
April 12-22.
April 7-27, last seen
[Nov. 16.
April 14. May 18, seer.
April 14. May 20, last
seen Sept 19.
April 6. May 16.
Feb. 7. March 27.
April 14. May 8, last
[seen Dec. 8.
March 13. April 24.
March 29. April 19.

March 30. April 22. Feb. 26. April 26.
March 30. April 17. October 11.
March 31. April 30.'April 12. May 20.

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