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Errors and Rates of the Transit-Clock, during the Year 1862, used in the

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In deducing the values of "clock's loss in 24h," 056 has been subtracted from the clock

errors of L for the effect of personal equation.

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By means of the clock-errors for the times corresponding to the means of the groups given in this table, the errors are very readily

applied to each object observed, on the sheets wherein the reduction of the observations is performed (without previous reduction to the oh sidereal preceding), by application of the proportional part of the assumed rate, and thus the Apparent Right Ascensions of all observed. objects are found.

For reduction to Mean R. A. of stars for Jan. 1, 1862, the Nautical Almanac has been used for all those contained in that work, by comparison of the Mean and Apparent Right Ascensions for each day required. For stars contained in the Catalogue of the British Association, the corrections to Mean R. A. are computed by means of the constants therein given, in conjunction with the values of log. A, log. B, log. C, and log. D, given in the Nautical Almanac. For other stars, the corrections have been computed from the formula given at page 329 of the Nautical Almanac for 1862, in conjunction with the values of log. A, log. B, log. C, and log. D.

In the cases of the Sun, Moon, and Planets, when only one limb has been observed, a correction for the duration of transit of the semidiameter is needed.

For the Sun, Moon, and the planet Mercury, the numbers are taken without alteration from the Nautical Almanac.

For Venus a correction is applied to the duration of transit given in the Nautical Almanac derived from the observed vertical semidiameters observed in 1862, and exhibited on page 96 of this volume. Taking the sum of the first eleven and the last eleven observations, and expressing each error under the form + y x tabular diameter, we obtain the two equations

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=

-0° 10+ 0.082 x tabular duration of transit of semi-diameter;

and the corresponding correction is

+ 010- 0082 x tabular duration of transit of semi-diameter.

SECTION III.-Reduction of the Observations of Zenith Distance, made with the Transit Circle.

Before giving any account of the processes employed in the reduction of the observations of zenith distance made with the Transit

Circle, it will be necessary to give an account of the observations made for the determination of the value of the telescope-declinationmicrometer, of the flexure of the telescope, and of the errors of division of the graduated circle. It has been stated that the declinationmicrometer carries only one single moveable wire, and that all the bisections are made with it. Its head is divided into 100 parts, and it is so placed that increasing readings (with the telescope fixed) correspond to increasing North Polar Distances. With regard to the microscopes, only the two horizontal were used till June 30; after which time the four new ones were employed. The reading microscopes are all of similar constructions and their heads are divided into 60 equal parts, which represent seconds of space approximately. They were so adjusted that the error of runs should be, as it has ever since continued, very small.

Determination of the Value of the Screw of the Telescope-DeclinationMicrometer. As the additional microscopes were not mounted before the second half of the year, and the use of two microscopes would not have produced a satisfactory result, Mr. Carrington's value of the screw of the declination-micrometer was used for the reduction of the observations of 1862.

The following observations were made for its determination after the mounting of the new microscopes, in connexion sometimes with the observations for determining the flexure of the telescope.

Premising that the correction for runs was in each case rigorously applied, I will give simply the readings of the micrometer and the concluded circle-readings. In every instance a point of one of the collimator-wires was used as the reference-mark.

1862, July 26. For bisection of North Collimator-mark.

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