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wife was standing at the door, and told them not to come in, for they were busy with a sacrifice to the elves. Sigvat sang of it thus:

666 My poor lad, enter not, I pray!'
Thus to me did the old wife say;
'For all of us are heathens here,
And I for Odin's wrath do fear.'
The ugly witch drove me away,

Like scared wolf sneaking from his prey,

When she told me that there within

Was sacrifice to foul Odin."

Another evening they came to three bondes, all of them of the name of Olver, who drove them away. Sigvat sang:

"Three of one name,

To their great shame,
The traveller late
Drove from their gate!
Travellers may come
From our viking-home,
Unbidden guests

At these Olvers' feasts."

They went on farther that evening, and came to a fourth bonde, who was considered the most hospitable man in the country; but he drove them away also. Then Sigvat sang:

"Then on I went to seek night's rest
From one who was said to be the best,
The kindest host in the land around,

And there I hoped to have quarters found.
But, faith, 'twas little use to try;
For not so much as raise an eye
Would this huge wielder of the spade:
If he's the best, it must be said
Bad is the best, and the skald's praise
Cannot be given to churls like these.
I almost wished that Asta's son
In the Eid forest had been one,
When we, his men, were even put
Lodging to crave in a heathen's hut.

I knew not where the earl to find;
Four times driven off by men unkind,
I wandered now the whole night o'er,
Driven like a dog from door to door."

Now when they came to Earl Ragnvald's the earl said they must have had a severe journey.

Sigvat sang :

"The message-bearers of the king

From Norway came his words to bring;

And truly for their master they
Hard work have done before to-day.
We did not loiter on the road,

But on we pushed for thy abode :
Thy folk, in sooth, were not so kind
That we cared much to lag behind.
But Eid forest safe we found,

From robbers free to the eastern bound:

This praise to thee, great earl, is due-
The skald says only what is true."

Then

Earl Ragnvald gave Sigvat a gold arm-ring, and a woman said "he had not made the journey with his black eyes for nothing." Sigvat sang:

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Sigvat was long entertained kindly and well in the house of Earl Ragnvald. The earl heard by letters, sent by Ingigerd the king's daughter, that ambassadors from King Jarisleif were come from Russia to King Olaf of Svithiod to ask his daughter

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Ingigerd in marriage, and that King Olaf had given them hopes that he would agree to it. About the same time King Olaf's daughter Astrid came to Earl Ragnvald's court, and a great feast was made for her. Sigvat soon became acquainted by conversation with the king's daughter, and she knew him by name and family, for Ottar the skald, Sigvat's sister's son, had long intimate acquaintance with King Olaf, the Swedish king. Among other things talked of, Earl Ragnvald asked Sigvat if the king of Norway would not marry the king's daughter Astrid. "If he would do that," said he, "I think we need not ask the Swedish king for his consent." Astrid, the king's daughter, said exactly the same. Soon after Sigvat returns home, and comes to King Olaf at Sarpsborg a little before Yule.

When Sigvat came home to King Olaf he went into the hall, and, looking around on the walls, he sang:

"When our men their arms are taking

The raven's wings with greed are shaking;
When they come back to drink in hall
Brave spoil they bring to deck the wall-
Shields, helms, and panzers,* all in row,
Stripped in the field from lifeless foe.
In truth no royal hall comes near
Thy splendid hall in precious gear."

Afterwards Sigvat told of his journey, and sang

these verses :

"The king's court-guards desire to hear

About our journey and our cheer,

The Pantzer-a complete suit of plate-armour-is a word we want in the English, but is used in the cognate German and Northern languages.-L.

Our ships in autumn reach the sound,
But long the way to Swedish ground.
With joyless weather, wind and rain,
And pinching cold, and feet in pain—
With sleep, fatigue, and want oppressed,
No songs had we—we scarce had rest.”

And when he came into conversation with the

king he sang

"When first I met the earl I told

How our king loved a friend so bold;
How in his heart he loved a man
With hand to do, and head to plan.
Thou generous king! with zeal and care
I sought to advance thy great affair;
For messengers from Russian land
Had come to ask Ingigerd's hand.
The earl, thy friend, bids thee, who art
So mild and generous of heart,
His servants all who here may come
To cherish in thy royal home;
And thine who may come to the east
In Ragnvald's hall shall find a feast-
In Ragnvald's house shall find a home-
At Ragnvald's court be still welcome.
When first I came the people's mind
Incensed by Eirik's son I find;
And he refused thy wish to meet,
Alleging treachery and deceit.
But I explained how it was here,
For earl and king, advantage clear
With thee to hold the strictest peace,
And make all force and foray cease.
The earl is wise, and understands
The need of peace for both the lands;

And he entreats thee not to break

The present peace for vengeance' sake!"

He immediately tells King Olaf the news he had heard; and at first the king was much cast down when he heard of King Jarisleif's suit, and he said he expected nothing but evil from King Olaf; but

wished he might be able to return it in such a way as Olaf should remember. A while afterwards the king asks Sigvat about various news from Gautland. Sigvat spoke a great deal about Astrid, the king's daughter; how beautiful she was, how agreeable in her conversation; and that all declared she was in no respect behind her sister Ingigerd. The king listened with pleasure to this. Then Sigvat told him the conversation he and Astrid had had between themselves, and the king was delighted at the idea. "The Swedish king," said he, "will scarcely think that I will dare to marry a daughter of his without his consent." But this speech of his was not known generally. King Olaf and Sigvat the skald often spoke about it. The king inquired particularly of Sigvat what he knew about Earl Ragnvald, and “if he be truly our friend," said the king. Sigvat said that the earl was King Olaf's best friend, and sang these verses :

"The mighty Olaf should not cease

With him to hold good terms and peace;

For this good earl unwearied shows

He is thy friend where all are foes.

Of all who dwell by the East Sea

So friendly no man is as he :

At all their Things he takes thy part,

And is thy firm friend, hand and heart."

CHAPTER XCIII.—Earl Ragnvald and Astrid's Journey to Norway.

After Yule [1019], Thord Skotakol, a sister's son of Sigvat, attended by one of Sigvat's footboys, who had been with Sigvat the autumn before in

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