household goods. The king went far up the country, and through some woods, and came to some dwellings in a valley called Herdaler,-where, however, they made but small booty, and saw no people; and as it was getting late in the day, the king turned back to his ships. Now when they came into the woods again people rushed upon them from all quarters, and made a severe attack. The king told his men to cover themselves with their shields, but before they got out of the woods he lost many people, and many were wounded; but at last, late in the evening, he got to the ships. The Finlanders conjured up in the night, by their witchcraft, a dreadful storm and bad weather on the sea; but the king ordered the anchors to be weighed and sail hoisted, and beat off all night to the outside of the land. The king's luck prevailed more than the Finlanders' witchcraft; for he had the luck to beat round the Balagard's-side * in the night, and so got out to sea. But the Finnish army proceeded on land, making the same progress as the king made with his ships. So says Sigvat:

"The third fight was at Herdaler, where
The men of Finland met in war

The hero of the royal race,

With ringing sword-blades face to face.
Off Balagard's shore the waves
Ran hollow; but the sea-king saves
His hard-pressed ship, and gains the lee

Of the east coast through the wild sea.”

* Balagard's-side is supposed to have been the coast between Abo and Helsingfors; and Herdaler some valley in that neighbourhood.-L.

CHAPTER IX.-The Fourth Battle in Sudervik.

King Olaf sailed from thence to Denmark, where he met Thorkel the Tall,* brother of Earl Sigvalde, and went into partnership with him; for he was just ready to set out on a cruise. They sailed southwards to the Jutland coast, to a place called Sudervik,† where they overcame many viking ships. The vikings, who usually have many people to command, give themselves the title of kings, although they have no lands to rule over. King Olaf went into battle with them, and it was severe; but King Olaf gained the victory, and a great booty. So says Sigvat:

"Hark! hark! The war-shout
Through Sudervik rings,
And the vikings brings out
To fight the two kings.

Great honour, I'm told,

Won these vikings so bold:

But their bold fight was vain,

For the two brave kings gain."

CHAPTER X.-The Fifth Battle in Friesland.

King Olaf sailed from thence south to Friesland, and lay under the strand of Kinlima ‡ in dreadful

* See the Saga of Olaf Trygveson, chaps. 38 and 39. See also Freeman's Norman Conquest. Thorkel came to England with a fleet 1009, took Canterbury in September 1011, entered the service of Ethelred 1012. After Ethelred's death he served King Canute. He was banished from England 1021.

+ Sudervik is no doubt Syndervik in the isle Holmland, in Ringkiobing fiord in North Jutland.--L.

Kinlima-side is a part of the coast of Old Friesland, now North Holland, supposed to have been the original seat of the Cimbri. The name appears to be preserved in Kinnimer-land, partly reckoned in North Holland and partly in South Holland.-L.

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weather. The king landed with his men; but the people of the country rode down to the strand against them, and he fought them. So says Sigvat:

CHAPTER

"Under Kinlima's cliff,

This battle is the fifth.

The brave sea-rovers stand
All on the glittering sand;
And down the horsemen ride
To the edge of the rippling tide:

But Olaf taught the peasant band

To know the weight of a viking's hand."

CHAPTER XI.-The Death of King Svein Forked Beard.

The king sailed from thence westward to England. It was then the case that the Danish king, Svein Forked Beard, was at that time in England with a Danish army, and had been fixed there for some time, and had seized upon King Ethelred's kingdom. The Danes had spread themselves so widely over England, that it was come so far that King Ethelred had departed from the country, and had gone south to Valland.* The same autumn that King Olaf came to England, it happened that King Svein died suddenly in the night in his bed; † and it is said by Englishmen that Edmund the Saint killed him, in the same way that the holy Mercurius had killed the apostate Julian. When Ethelred, the king of the English, heard this in Flanders, he returned directly to England; and no sooner was he come back, than he sent an invitation to all the men who would

* Valland. See note, chapter 24 of Harald Harfager's Saga.-L.

+ King Svein came to England in July 1013. Ethelred fled to Normandy in January 1014, and Svein died in Gainsborough in February. Snorre's statement is therefore incorrect.

enter into his pay, to join him in recovering the country. Then many people flocked to him; and among others, came King Olaf with a great troop of Northmen to his aid. They steered first to London, and sailed into the Thames with their fleet; but the Danes had a castle within. On the other side of the river is a great trading place, which is called Sudvirke. There the Danes had raised a great work, dug large ditches, and within had built a bulwark of stone, timber, and turf, where they had stationed a strong army. King Ethelred ordered a great assault; but the Danes defended themselves bravely, and King Ethelred could make nothing of it. Between the castlet and Southwark (Sudvirke) there was a bridge, so broad that two waggons could pass each other upon it. On the bridge were raised barricades, both towers and wooden parapets, in the direction of the river, which were nearly breast high; and under the bridge were piles driven into the bottom of the river. Now when the attack was made the troops stood on the bridge everywhere, and defended themselves. King Ethelred was very anxious to get possession of the bridge, and he called together all the chiefs to consult how they should get the bridge broken down. Then said King Olaf he would attempt to lay his fleet alongside of it, if the other ships would do the same. It was then determined in this council that they should lay their war forces

* Sudvirke-Southwark.-L.

+ On the site, probably, of the Tower of London.-L.
That is, across the bridge.-L.

under the bridge; and each made himself ready with ships and men.

CHAPTER XII.-The Sixth Battle.

King Olaf ordered great platforms of floating wood to be tied together with hazel bands, and for this he took down old houses; and with these, as a roof, he covered over his ships so widely, that it reached over the ships' sides. Under this screen he set pillars so high and stout, that there both was room for swinging their swords, and the roofs were strong enough to withstand the stones cast down upon them. Now when the fleet and men were ready, they rode up along the river; but when they came near the bridge, there were cast down upon them so many stones and missile weapons, such as arrows and spears, that neither helmet nor shield could hold out against it; and the ships themselves were so greatly damaged, that many retreated out of it. But King Olaf, and the Northmen's fleet with him, rowed quite up under the bridge, laid their cables around the piles which supported it, and then rowed off with all the ships as hard as they could down the stream. The piles were thus shaken in the bottom, and were loosened under the bridge. Now as the armed troops stood thick of men upon. the bridge, and there were likewise many heaps of stones and other weapons upon it, and the piles under it being loosened and broken, the bridge gave way; and a great part of the men upon it fell into