through the district, and may be connected with the fault at Addy Wood in the Permians, or these beds may be thrown in by a very local trough fault, which view is supported by the small supply of water met with. 6. East Cowick. Village supply. Boring 4 inches diameter, 90 feet deep. Through pan sand' (drift sand cemented by oxide of iron) and very soft red sandstone. Water good. Surface level 20 feet above O.D., bottom level 70 feet below O.D. 7. West Cowick. Village supply. Depth, diameter, and section same as No. 6. Surface level 25 feet above O.D. Site close to 'Bay Horse Inn.' 8. West Cowick. O.D.; depth, 80 feet. 9. West Cowick. 1,050 feet; bottom level, 1,025 feet below O.D. Trial boring N.N.W. of No. 7. Surface level, 25 feet above Hartley's Brewery. Surface level, 25 feet above O.D.; depth, 10. South Field. Trial boring for Goole supply, south of Park House Farm. Surface level, about 15 feet above O.D.; depth, 152 feet; level of bottom of borehole, 137 feet below O.D. Water stated to be good. 10a and 10b. Trial borings for Wakefield Corporation, west of Heck railway station, where the sandstone rock is visible. Surface level, 40 feet and 50 feet above O.D. The late Dr. Letheby reported as follows on these samples, on October 22, 1875. Sample A, bore-hole in Mr. Drewer's land, taken at 12 P.M., September 16, 1875; Sample B, from No. 2 bore-hole, taken October 13, 1875: This water is thoroughly free from organic impurity and of moderate hardness, and in every way thoroughly suited to be a source of public water supply. 11. Pontefract Water Supply Well. One mile S.W. of Aire, at Chapel Haddlesey, which is the highest point to which the tide flows. Surface levels, 25 feet above O.D. Dr. Franklin Parsons, of the Local Government Board, was good enough, in February 1892, to give some very valuable information to the Committee as to the quality of the water of the Goole district, from which report the following abstract has been made: The water from the red sandstone at Goole is of a peculiar character, containing a large amount of free ammonia, of solid matter and soap-destroying salts, chiefly magnesia and iron in a ferrous state; though clear at first, it afterwards throws down a rusty sediment, at the same time losing its chalybeate taste and smell, which at first is very apparent. At Selby, and to a less extent at Rawcliffe, this is not the case; and he points out that, in the first case, the sandstone is covered with impermeable clays; in the second, the gathering ground is either bare rock or rock covered with porous gravels; and justly observes that the water in the red sandstone is 'aërated in one case and not in the other.' The last sample gave 12:5 grains per gallon of carbonate of magnesia. At Rawcliffe Station Well samples taken September 16, 1875, showed the same chalybeate taste and smell which obtains at Goole, but the quantity of ammonia is less, thus: Per Million Parts. Free ammonia . ·03 ·03 The hardness is also less, the total being 12.5, and permanent only 4-5. The total solids were only 30 grains per gallon, but the chlorine is 2.3. At Rawcliffe Hall Well, 250 feet in the New Red Sandstone, the temperature of the water is 51°; it has no taste or smell, and only contains 27 grains of solids to the gallon. At Selby Waterworks a sample of water taken July 27, 1874, yielded the following: These results establish the fact that on approach to the outcrop of the New Red Sandstone there is direct increase of purity, both as regards ammonia, total solid impurity, and amount of hardness, and they agree with the results of Dr. Letheby, at Heck, taken a month later in the same year. BERKSHIRE. New Lodge, Windsor Forest. Professor HULL, F.R.S. Very little water was struck till the borer reached the Lower Greensand, when it came up with great force, 7 feet above surface of ground. The position is very near the centre of the London Tertiary Basin, and the level about 230 feet above O.D., but of this I am not quite certain. For section of this well see reprint of author's papers in Proc. of Yorks. Polytechnic and Geological Society. WILTSHIRE. Boring at Gas Works, Fordingbridge, Salisbury, 1887, by Messrs. TILLEY. Details furnished by Messrs. TILLEY and E. WESTLAKE, F.G.S. Level of ground 88 feet above Ordnance Datum. Water from the sand at 125 feet rose to 13 feet above the ground. The flow of water is about 2,000 gallons per day. No appreciable additional quantity of water was obtained from the Reading Beds or from the Chalk, and the pipes were withdrawn to the base of the London Clay.—(E. W.) List of Queries circulated. 1. Position of well or shafts with which you are acquainted? 1a. State date at which the well or shaft was originally sunk. Has it been deepened since by sinking or boring, and when? 2. Approximate height of the surface of the ground above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level)? 3. Depth from surface to bottom of shaft or well, with diameter. Depth from surface to bottom of borehole, with diameter ? 3a. Depth from the surface to the horizontal drift-ways, if any? What is their length and number? 4. Height below the surface at which water stands before and after pumping. Number of hours elapsing before ordinary level is restored after pumping? a. Hright below the surface at which the water stood when the well was first sunk, and height at which it stands now when not pumped? 5. Quantity capable of being pumped in gallons per day of 24 hours? Average quantity daily pumped? 6. Does the water level vary at different seasons of the year, and to what extent? Has it diminished during the last ten years? 7. Is the ordinary water level ever affected by local rains, and, if so, in how short a time? And how does it stand in regard to the level of the water in the neighbouring streams or sea? 8. Analysis of the water, if any. Does the water possess any marked peculiarity 9. Section, with nature of the rock passed through, including cover of drift, if any, with thickness? 9a. In which of the above rocks were springs of water intercepted? 10. Does the cover of Drift over the rock contain surface springs? 11. If so, are these land springs kept entirely out of the well? 12. Are any large faults known to exist close to the well? 13. Were any brine springs passed through in making the well? 14. Are there any salt springs in the neighbourhood? 15. Have any wells or borings been discontinued in your neighbourhood in consequence of the water being more or less brackish? If so, please give section in reply to query No. 9. 16. Kindly give any further information you can. The Eurypterid-bearing Deposits of the Pentland Hills.-Second Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. R. H. TRAQUAIR (Chairman), Professor T. RUPERT JONES, and Mr. MALCOLM LAURIE (Secretary). (Drawn up by the Secretary.) DURING the past year a considerable amount of time has been spent in developing the material already acquired. The grant of money was chiefly expended in securing the assistance of Mr. Henderson, the original discoverer of these fossil beds. Thanks to his able assistance a considerable part of the material has been worked over with very satisfactory results, though much yet remains to be examined. The specimens already obtained include five species of Eurypterida belonging to four genera. One of these, a specimen-unfortunately badly preserved-of Pterygotus, is new to this locality, and is in all probability new to science. It is allied by the form of the telson to Pt. anglicus from the Old Red Sandstone rather than to the common Silurian form Pt. bilobus. It is the first species with a pointed telson from the Silurian, of this country, though this form of telson has been described by Pohlmann from the Buffalo Limestones of America. The genus Eurypterus is also only represented by a single specimen, which, though much larger than the type specimen, I am inclined to refer to Eurypterus conicus. Stylonurus ornatus, the large form from these beds, is represented by a considerable number of specimens, mostly fragmentary. One specimen shows the body minus the carapace and telson to have been 10 inches in length. The details of a number of the appendages have been made out, including the two posterior pairs which are the long walking legs characteristic of the genus. The posterior of these has a length of 9 inches, the anterior of about 7 inches. In front of these two appendages I have made out representatives of two other pairs of limbs, both of which are furnished with long spines. The detailed description of these and other points of interest must, however, be postponed till a more thorough investigation has been made. The other species of Stylonurus which occurs in these beds-St. macrophthalmus—is well represented. One specimen is almost complete, only wanting the telson and part of one side of the body. It shows four appendages down one side. The two posterior limbs are more unequal in size than is usual in this genus, the anterior one being far more slender than the posterior and only two-thirds its length. The appendages in front of these do not appear to be so well furnished with spines as in St. ornatus. Another specimen of this form, though very fragmentary, has shown, after careful development, five legs down one side of the carapace. They have not yet, however, been fully worked out. There are various other fragments, showing parts of the body, tail spines, &c. Of the other form occurring in these beds, Drepanopterus pentlandicus, we have been fortunate enough to secure one almost perfect specimen, which shows the form of the body and three pairs of limbs. The form of the last pair of limbs but one confirms the relationship of this form to Stylonurus. There are many other more or less fragmentary specimens, which may be expected to yield further information as to the details of this interesting genus. Besides the Eurypteridæ the bed has yielded a considerable number of other fossils, among which may be mentioned: Graptolites, various Polyzoa, a species of Gomphoceras, Lingula and other brachiopods. These, when properly identified, may be expected to yield important information as to the exact horizon of the beds. In view of the large amount of material which yet remains to be examined and the interest of the results which are briefly referred to above, your Committee ask to be continued for another year with a further grant. |