Well sunk at South Wales Portland Cement and Lime Works, Lim., Penarth, near Cardiff, in 1892. Collected by the Cardiff Naturalists' Society. The water level varies within a range of 25 feet. Not connected with the tides, but a regular ebb and flow within limits of 4 or 5 feet. Analysis shows the water to be highly charged with CaSO4, almost to saturation; also much CaCO3. Smaller quantity of MgSO4, NaCl, MgCl,. Information from the manager (W. J. Cooper, Esq.) through Cardiff Naturalists' Society. 1894. U Dug well Rock NORTH WALES. Section of Well at Kelsterton Brewery Co.'s, Flint. Supply Lined with 55 feet of 74-inch tube, 2 feet below surface. touched at about 130 feet below surface. Water level, 7 feet from surface. Supply good. Section of Well-boring at King's Head Hotel, Holywell, Flint. Lined with 30 feet of 4-inch tube, top of which stands 55 feet below surface. Supply good. Water supply overflows top of bore-pipe. Supply tapped at about 89 feet from surface. Section of Well at A. J. Chadwick's, Esq., Burton Brewery, Wrexham. 4-inch Boring. Lined with 280 feet of 4-inch tubing. Water level 3 feet from surface. Supply, 8 gallons per minute. Water first touched at 162 feet, when artesian level was 14 feet from surface. Collected by C. E. DE RANCE from Dr. LLOYD ROBERTS, Medical Officer of Health, Denbigh. Pont Ystrad Pumping Station. Well 20 feet 9 inches deep.-Denbigh Water Company. FIG. 1.-Pont Ystrad Pumping Station. Section of Well and Bore-hole. Analysis made by Dr. CAMPBELL BROWNE, April 14, 1882. Bore-hole at Pont Ystrad.-Denbigh Water Company. Analysis made by Dr. CAMPBELL BROWNE, November 1, 1879. 'B.' contains a larger proportion of mineral salts than is usual in even the hardest water used for domestic supply, but there is nothing injurious in these salts except that they waste soap and prevent the water from cleansing the skin even with a great quantity of soap, as well as from cooking such things as tea without great waste. There is no organic matter and no products derived from any previous sewage contamination; it is free from common salt. 'W.' is not quite so free from organic matter, but the quantity of organic matter derived from it is very small. The hardening salts and the other mineral salts are within ordinary limits. As a general rule the deep bore waters are safer than upper waters. Deep Bore-hole Water. Pentre Meadows, Llanrhaiadr. Analysis made by EGBERT G. HOOPER, Esq., F.C.S., of Somerset House, April 7, 1888. Organic matter: very slight in quantity. Physical properties: neutral, bright and clear, tasteless and odourless. Total solids Loss on ignition. Mineral matter Hardness, permanent total Nitrates and nitrites (absent) Ammonia, free (none) albuminoid 004 part per 1,000,000 Grains per Gallon. 140 4.0 10.0 3.5° 7.0° Chlorides equal to 1.81 grain of common salt per gallon This water is one of the purest commonly found, and with care to avoid surface contamination would be most suitable for domestic and for table use. For brewing purposes, however, and especially for ale-brewing, it is FIG. 2.-Section of Llanrhaiadr (Pentre Meadows) Bore-hole. June 14, 1875. Gravel Clay Surface of Ground. Yds. ft. in. Red Sand 40 2 Red Sandstone Rock, unbottomed. 7400 96 2 2 too soft, and therefore cannot be recommended, though for stout-brewing it would offer some advantages, and should a suitable supply not be obtainable additional hardness might be added to the water artificially. |