terior of British Guiana. The Catalogue Raisonnée includes about 450 items, besides collections of mammalia, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and insects; the whole illustrating the economy, natural and social, of the Guianese. The animate attractions of the exhibition are three Indians, who were part of Mr. Schomburgk's boat's crew on his last expedition, and who are the first of their tribes ever brought to Europe.

The human varieties in Guiana have already been tolerably well defined. In British Guiana, there are six tribes of natives. The individuals just referred to belong to three different tribes; and, although there exists a great similarity in their manners and customs, they differ in their language. Their respective names are: 1, Corrienow; 2, Saramang; 3, Sororeng.

1. Corrienow belongs to the Warrows, who inhabit the coast along the rivers Orinoco, Pomeroon, and Corentyer, and are the Guaranos of the Spaniards. They are excellent boatmen, and famed for the construction of their canoes, which they hollow out of a single trunk of a tree, partly by the axe, partly by fire. Many of the pilots on the river Orinoco, and generally their boats' crews, are Warrows; they are also occasionally met with as sailors in the colonial craft. Corrienow is about five feet in height, and twenty-one years of age: he is very slightly tattooed; he is the least ingenious of the three, having been almost exclusively employed upon his native rivers as a boatman.

2. Saramang is a Macusi: his tribe inhabits the vast plains which extend between the river Rupununy, a tributary of the Essequibo and the Rio Branco, which falls into the Rio Negro and Amazons. There were a few settlements of this tribe on the river Essequibo, but they have mostly retreated to the tracts just mentioned. The Macusi are one of the most powerful tribes who inhabit British Guiana, and are more industrious than the generality of Indians. They are noted for making cotton hammocks, which they barter to other tribes, or sell to the colonists. They inhabit the south-western part of the colony which borders on Brazil, and have been, from time immemorial, sufferers, from the atrocious system of carrying them away as slaves by the Brazilians. Saramang is about five feet in height, and twenty-one years of age; his features are sculptural, pleasing, and intelligent; with a womanish expression, which is, doubtless, heightened by his feather cap: his features are not tattooed, but occasionally painted in lines; he excels in shooting with the blow-pipe, and is, altogether, the most ingenious of the trio.

3. Sororeng is a Paravilhano, or Parawano: his tribe was formerly powerful, and occupied that part of the Rio Branco which lies southward of Fort San Joaquim. They form, at present, only a few settlements on some of the smaller streams which fall into the Rio Branco, and are dispersed among the Rio Negro, and the Amazons. There is much analogy between the language of the Paravilhano and the Macusi. Sororeng is about five feet four inches in height, and is the senior, being thirty years of age; he uses the bow very expertly.

Each Indian is habited in what are technically termed fleshings; that is, a kind of knit shirt, fitting closely to the figure, and of the precise

complexion of the individual, who wears the perizoma, or waist-cloth, which forms the only garment of the savage Indian. Around the bust of each hangs a necklace, made of peccary teeth, from which, reaching down the back, is a piece of jaguar skin; and from the neck are suspended, upon the chest, two tiger's teeth, which these simple creatures wear as charms, just as persons formerly wore amulets in this country.-Literary World.

THE CHIMPANZEE.

LIEUT. SAYERS has communicated to the Zoological Society an interesting account of Bamboo, a Chimpanzee in the Menagerie, which had been purchased about eight months previously from a Mandingo, at Sierra Leone, who related that he had captured him in the Bullom country, having first shot the mother, on which occasions the young ones never fail to remain by their wounded parents. From the habits of this specimen, it is inferred that trees are ascended by the Chimpanzees merely for observation or food, and that they live principally on the ground. Bamboo, at the time of purchase, appeared to be about fourteen months old: the native stated that Chimpanzees do not reach their full growth till between nine and ten years of age; which, if true, brings them extremely near the human species, as the boy or girl of West Africa, at thirteen or fourteen years old, is quite as much a man or woman as those of nineteen or twenty in our more northern clime. Their height, when full grown, is said to be between 4 and 5 feet. The Chimpanzee is, without doubt, to be found in all the countries from the banks of the Gambia in the north, to the kingdom of Congo in the south: and the low shores of the Bullom country, on the northern shores of the river Sierra Leone, are infested by them in numbers quite equal to the commonest monkeys. Lieut. Sayers considers them to be gregarious: for their cries generally indicate the vicinity of a troop. The natives also affirm, that they always travel in strong bodies armed with sticks, which they use with much dexterity. They are very watchful; and the first who discovers the approach of a stranger utters a protracted cry, much resembling that of a human being in the greatest distress. Certain authors affirm that some of the natives on the western coast term these animals, in their language, "Pongos;" but Lieut. Sayers observed that all the natives in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone, when speaking of this animal, invariably called him "Baboo," a corruption, it is supposed, of our term Baboon. - Proc. Zoological Soc.; abridged.

THE SPERMACETI WHALE.

MR. G. T. Fox has communicated to the British Association a paper "On the Bones of a Spermaceti Whale, discovered a few months previously among the rubbish in an old tower at Durham Castle." From an ancient letter of June 20, 1661, in the Surtees' collection, it is shown to have been cast ashore at that time, and skeletonized in order to ornament this old tower.

The writer threw an amusing coup d'œil over the history of the Whale, as far as known from old writers; the first account of it being that of Clusius, 1605, of one thrown ashore seven years before near Scheveling, where Cuvier supposes its head is still preserved,-for there is an antiquity of the kind still shown there. Since then, only a few instances have occurred of the Spermaceti Whale having been cast ashore on the British coasts. - Literary Gazette.

NEW MONKEYS.

MR. OGILBY has communicated to the Zoological Society a portion of a letter from M. Temminck, relating to two species of Monkeys, Colobus fuliginosus and Papio speciosus; the former Temminck considers identical with a Bay-Monkey of Pennant, an opinion founded upon its agreement with a coloured drawing now in his possession; this drawing having been taken by Sydenham Edwards from the specimen of the Bay-Monkey formerly in the Leverian Museum, and which is the original of Pennant's description.

The Macacus speciosus of M. F. Cuvier is stated by M. Temminck to be founded upon an immature specimen of a species of Macacus which inhabits Japan; the habitat of Molucca Islands, given by M. F. Cuvier, being founded upon error. The specimen was originally taken from Japan to Java, where it died; the skin was preserved, and M. Diard having obtained possession of it, sent it to the Paris Museum, and as there was no label attached, M. F. Cuvier imagined it to be a native of the place whence M. Diard had sent it. - Proc. Zoological Soc.

Mr. Ogilby has also characterized a new species of Monkey, now living at the Society's Menagerie; thus: Papio Melanotus; P. cinereo-brunneus; capite, dorso, lumbisque sub-nigris; cauda brevissimá, nudá; facie, auriculisque pallidis.

This specimen is a young male, said to have been brought from Madras. It has, at first sight, a considerable resemblance to the common Barbary species, (Papio sylvanus,) both in general colour and physiognomy; but differs materially in the blackish-brown shade, which covers all the upper part of the head, neck, shoulders, and back. The face and ears are of a pale flesh-colour, not unlike the shade which distinguishes extreme age in the human species; the naked part of the paws is dirty brown, and the temples are slightly tinged with a shade of scarlet, which the keeper states, spread and deepen when the animal is feeding. The tail is about an inch long, very slender, and perfectly naked. The general colour of the sides, under parts of the body, and extremities, is that of a pale olive brown so common among other species of this genus, such as the Bhander, (P. Rhesus,) the Maimon, (P. Nemestrinus,) &c., and the hairs are equally without annulations. The individual has all the liveliness, goodnature, and grimace of the young Magot, (P. Inuus and Sylvanus ;) but, like that species, it will, probably, become morose and saturnine as it advances in age and physical development; qualities which, indeed, are common to all the Papios, and pre-eminently distinguish them from the Cercopithecs, Colobs, and Semnopithecs. Proc. Zoological Soc.

REMAINS OF OXEN IN THE BOGS OF IRELAND.

MR. BALL has read to the Royal Irish Academy a paper, in which, having alluded to the occurrence of Fossil Remains of Oxen in Britain, and the existence of the Auroch, or Wild Ox, in some parks in this country, he remarked on the old and generally received opinion, that Ireland could not furnish any evidence of having ever possessed an indigenous Ox; and he stated that a specimen which he had received from the submarine forest, in the Bay of Youghal, seemed to have been the core of a horn of the fossil ox, often found in Britain, and supposed to have been the Urus; but this specimen having been lost, he alluded to it, to direct the attention of the Academy to the subject, in the hope of having his view confirmed. He then showed that the remains of oxen found at considerable depths in bogs in Westmeath, Tyrone, and Longford, belonged to a variety or race, differing very remarkably from any noticed in Cuvier's Ossemens Fossiles, or any other work with which he was acquainted. Finally, he expressed a conviction, that Ireland had possessed, at least, one native race of oxen, distinguished by the convexity of the upper part of the forehead, by its great proportionate length, and by the shortness and downward direction of the horns. As this fact seems to have escaped altogether the notice of British and continental naturalists, and as analogy in the case of other Irish mammals justified the view, Mr. Ball urged the great probability of the race in question proving to be one peculiar to Ireland. An. Nat. Hist.

MADNESS IN ELEPHANTS PREVENTED.

THE announcement in the Berlin newspapers of the tragical end of M. Tourniaire's Elephant, renders it desirable to ascertain some means of preventing similar misfortunes, which have so frequently occurred in Europe. The state of the Elephant which drives it to madness, is termed by the Indians Mosti, literally intoxicated by sexual stimulus or by spirituous liquors; and as soon as the keeper of the Elephant observes the symptoms of the Mosti coming on, he places before it a vessel with three pounds of fluid butter, called Ghie, which the Elephant swallows, and thus becomes sober. When, on great festivals, Elephants are intoxicated with brandy for the purpose of fighting them, they are rendered sober as soon as desired by the same means. Ghie has moreover the same effect on Dromedaries and Camels, when they are mosti.-Carl Freihrr von Hugele; Wiegmann's Archiv. ; An. Nat. Hist.

NEW BAT.

THE REV. L. JENYNS has described in the Annals of Natural History a White Bat, which has been taken in the Church of Auckland, St. Andrew, and is preserved in the Museum at Durham. Mr. Jenyns infers the white colour to be accidental; but it possesses other characters, those especially in the form of the tragus, which lead him to pronounce it distinct from all the bats hitherto met with in this country, or described by continental authors.

Mr. Jenyns proposes to name this new-bat Vespertilio ædilis. In the form of the head, and in its general physiognomy, this bat resembles the V. mystacinus more than any other of our British species. The snout is short, but moderately attenuated, and slightly emarginate at the tip between the nostrils. The forehead appears elevated from the erect fur on that part. The face and upper part of the muzzle are hairy. There is some indication of a moustache on the upper lip, with longer hairs interspersed: there are also a few long hairs on the chin. The ears are about the length of the head, widely separate, oval, obtuse at the extremity, bending outwards. On the whole, the auricle very much resembles V. mystacinus and V. emarginatus, but is not so deeply notched. The tragus is of a very peculiar form, and unlike that of any other species. It is not quite half the length of the auricle, if this last be measured in front; but rather more than half if measured behind; its greatest breadth is not quite one-third of its own length: the inner margin is perfectly straight; the outer one arcuate, with a small but rather deep notch a little below the tip which is rounded; there is a somewhat similar notch at bottom, and beneath is a projecting lobe: were it not for the upper notch and rounded apex, the form of the tragus would be nearly that of a small segment of a circle, the broadest part being in the middle. The flying and interfemoral membranes are naked and moderately ample; the latter without any transverse ciliated lines, but dotted irregularly on the under surface with some minute white glands, from which and the margin proceed small bristles. The tail is somewhat shorter than