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"Sessio Magna Com' Denbigh tent' apud Ruthyn xxj die Octobris An'o R. Re' Caroli Anglie etc. xvto 1639 cora' Tho. Milward mil' et Ric❜o Prytherch ar' Justic' ib'm.

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"p' Andrea Kynaston de Bodlith' d' ad's Thome lloyd q'in deb'o 5li.

"p' eod' def' ad's Gervys cl'ic' vic' Llansilyn in scir' fac'. "p'dauid ap Evan de Beraigne de' ad's Joh'i ap John ap Wm. q' in deb'i 5li. 8s.

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Sessio Magna Com' flint tent' apud fflint xx die Aprilis An'o R. Re' Caroli nunc Anglie etc. xvjto 1640 cora' Thoma Milward Milite et Ric❜o Prytherch ar' Justic' ib'm.

"Rad'us Hughes Ar' Vic'.

"Henricus Parry de Pengwern q'v'ss Rob'tu' ffoulk et Thomam Humffreys de' in pl'ito deb'i 4li. 9s. 9d.

"ffulco Rutter gen' q'v'ss Thomam Salusbury ar' def' in pl'ito deb'i xxxli.

"Sessio Magna Com' Denbigh tent' apud Ruthyn xxvij die Aprilis an'o R. Re' Caroli nunc Anglie etc. xvj° 1640 cora' Thoma' Milward milite et Ric'o Prytherch ar' Justic' ib'm.

"Rich'us Langford Ar' Vic'.

"Rec' of Mr. Robt. Wyn of Berthddu 3s. towards my disbursements of the last Sess' & this.

Evanus ap Jo'n ap Robt. et Dorothea uxor eius executrici testi Edri Gruffith def'ti q's v'ss Joh'em lloyd de gwernyt d' in pl'it deb'i xxviijli.

"Et v'ss Joh'em lloyd de brynllyarth def' in simili deb❜o.

"Petrus Thomas ap Evan et Katherine vch' Thomas ap Evan q's v'ss dauid ffoulke de Meriadock def' in sc' fac' p' iudicio recupat' Sess' Aprilis 14° Car' v'ss Henricu' Jo'n Thomas defuncti. "p' Petro lloyd juniori de Dackers Wood d'ad's Joh'is Vaughan q' in deb'o xijli.

"p' Thoma' Price de wickwer def' ad's Margarete Humffreys spinster q' in pl'ito deb'i 7li. 9s. 2d.

"p' Joh'e Gruffith de Abergeley d' ad's Thome' Tropp et Will'm

Gamwell q's in pl'ito deb'i 1000li. [The jury ultimately awarded £150.]

"p' eod' Joh'e d' ad's Joh'is Edwards de Civitate Cest' clothworker q' in pl'ito trans' sup' cas' ad dam' ip'ius q' xxli.

"p' Thoma' Wynne gen' de Garthgarmon [probably the writer's brother-in-law] d' ad's Piersei Thomas q' in pl'ito tr'ns ad dam' ip'ius q' 40s.

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Sessio Magna Com' fflint tent' apud fflint xxj° die
Septembris an'o R. Re' Caroli Anglie etc. xvjto
cora' Thoma' Milward mil' et Ric'o Prytherch
Justic' ib'm.

"Rad'us Hughes Ar' Vic'. "ffulco Rutter q'v'ss Thoma' Salusbury def' in pl'ito deb'i xxxli.

Dauid lloyd (fr'er meus) q'v'ss Petru' Wyn humffrid Dymock Petru' Gruff' et Petru' Gruff" d'in deb'o.

"paid 5s. to Consell in Alice v'ch Rob'ts matter. Her son deliu'ed me ivs. and ijs. whereof I paid Jo'n Tanat for old score 7s. 9d. for attorneys fees at this tyme 2s.

"p' Joh'e Conway de St. Asaph et aliis de ad's Anne Jones vid' in pl'ito deb'i 2li. 16s.

"Sessio Magna Com' Denbigh tent' apud Ruthyn xxviij° die Septembris An'o R. Re' Caroli Anglie etc. xvjo cora' Thoma' Milward milit' et Ric'o Prytherch ar' Justic' ib'm.

"Rich'us Langford Ar' Vic'. "Egomet (executor testi Joh'is lloyd [the writer's brother-inlaw] q' v'ss dd. Holland def' in pl'ito deb'i vli. viijs.

"Sessio Magna Com. fflint tent' apud fflint x° die Maij an'o R. Re' Anglie etc. decimo septimo cora' Thoma' Millward milite et Richardo Prythergh ar' Justic' ib'm.

"Joh'es Jones ar' vic'.

"Pro Thoma' Will'ms gen' et Th. W'ms def' ad's Joh'es Jones gen' q'in pl'it' tr'ns insult' et maym' ad dam'. Non cul entred by the spec' war' of the de...... & advise of Mr. Ric. lloyd [afterwards Sir Richd. Lloyd of Esclus]. I paid to Mr. Peeter Morris a fee of ijs. & 2s. to Mr. Jo'n lloyd llanbedr.

"Joh'es Owen d'ns ep'us Asaphen' q' v'ss Willimu' Myddelton et Willimu' Myddelton d' in deb'o xxli.

"Dorothea vch' Thomas vid' q' v'ss Thoma' ap John Owen d' in pl'ito deb'i xixli. vs. Et v'ss Owinu' Thomas filiu' et hered' d'ci Thome def' in simili pl'ito. Edd. Jones my lords [the Bishop's] steward undertooke to pay me all disbursem'ts & deliu'ed me the bond.

"p' eode' Rob'to [Morgan of Goldgreave] d' ad's Rob'ti Pennant q' in pl'ito deb'i xxli. Wm. Morgan was also in the Writt but Mr. Wyn essoined (?) for him.

"p' Thoma' ap Harry de Brynywall in p'ochia de Ridlan. "Thomas Williams de llysmaesmynan q'v'ss Joh'em Jones junior def' in pl'it tr'ns' et insult' ad dam' cli.

"Hugo Thomas administrator etc. Edri Parry q'v'ss Joh'em Edwards cl'icu' [probably Vicar of Ysceifiog, recently one of the vicars choral of St. Asaph, son of Edward ap John ap Edward of Cilcen] et luciam uxor eius in pl'lit' deb'i lxli.

"p' Rob'to Morgan ar' [of Goldgreave] d' ads' Henrici Mostyn et Katherine ux' eius q's 43li. 4s.

"Sessio Magna Com' Denbigh tent' apud Denbigh xvij° die Maij an'o R. Re' Caroli Anglie etc. xvij° 1641 Cora' Thoma' Milward milite' et Rich'o Prytherch Justic' ib'm.

"Johe's Vaughan Ar' Vic'.

"p' Willi'mo ap hugh dd. ap owen q' v'ss dd. piers d' in bre' de errore p' recupat' in cur' de domin' de Den[bigh] et Denbighland.

[Appearance for Edward, Maria, and Anna, the three fatherless children of Wm. Parry, late of Lleweni, against Hugh Peake and Richard Heaton.]

"p' Ric'do Gruffith de llewenie ad's Will'mi Thomas q' in pl'ito.

Robt's Dauies de Kaerhyn adm'str' etc. Graceæ dd's q'v'ss Joh'em Hughes def' in pl'ito deb'i xijli.

"p' Willi'mo ap Wm. ap Richard de Carrog def' ad's Rob'ti Price q' in pl'ito tr'ns ad dam' q' 5li. I app'ed upon the distringas on Saturday morning to saue the issues of the def't the def't being a strang'r to me at Edd. W'ms allegac'on that the def't wold both pay & thank me. noe declar' then in.

"p' Rob'to lloyd de bryngwylan def' ad's eiusd' Rob'ti Price q' in pl'ito tr'ns ad dam' 5li.

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Sessio Magna Com' fflint tent' apud fflint xxvij die
Septembr' an'o R. Re' Caroli Anglie etc. xvij°
1641 cora' Thoma' Milward milite' et Rich'o
Prytherch ar' Justic' ib'm.

"Joh'es Jones ar' vic'.

p' Hugone Thomas de Mayneva d' ad's Joh'is Thomas q' in pl'ito deb'i xxjli. xijs.

"p' Katherina Salusbury vid' Thoma Price Thoma ap Robt' et Gwenna ux' eius de ad's Joh'is lloyd lessee al' hugoni hughes in pl'it' tr'ns et eiecc firm' p' uno mess' 30 acr' terr' et 30 acr’ past' cu' p'tin' in Hur[aethog]. Roger W'ms of Combe [Plas yn Ngwm] will pay.

"p' Hugo'e Thomas de Mayneva d' etc.

"Will'ms Gruffith legu' d'cor' [Chancellor of St. Asaph and Bangor] q'v'ss Thoma Price def' in deb'o vli.

"Henricus Gregor q'v'ss Robt' yale et Thoma' Ed'ds de in deb'o xiiijli.

"p' Johe' Powell d' ad's Henrici Mostyn et Katherine uxoris eius q' in pli'to deb'i xvjli. viijs.

"Thomas Hanmer Barronett et Georgius Ravenscroft gen' q' v'ss Thoma' Salusbury ar' def' in pl'ito deb'i xxijli. Mr. Ravenscroft p'mised paym't & gave me direccons to sue.

"M'd to reteigne Mr. Jo. Wyn & Mr. Attorney to draw a bill of Judi' ag't Jo'n lloyd of denbigh m'cer for keeping of false weights & measures."

(To be continued.)

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HOW CHURCHES WERE BUILT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

BY THE REV. ELIAS OWEN.

FROM entries made in church wardens' accounts it would seem that many churches were in a dilapidated condition in the last century. Most of these were, time after time, patched, and thus made tenantable. The roofs of churches in particular suffered from the storms of autumn and the winds of spring, and hundreds of shingles" were in requisition at those seasons to repair the shattered church roofs; and entries abound in the parish accounts of money paid for these shingles to replace those dislodged by the wind. Masons' bills we see often paid, and masons and their labourers appear on the books as the recipients of beer given to them, when in the employment of the churchwardens, as church restorers; in fact, money paid for church repairs amounted annually to large sums; and we see it invariably stated in vestry resolutions, that the church rate was levied for repairing the church and for other parochial purposes. The "repairing of the church" was usually, it may be said, inserted in these vestry resolutions bearing upon rates, in conformity with ancient usage, but still such words imply that churches often needed restoration.

Extracts in proof of the correctness of the foregoing remarks are hardly necessary, but I will give a few: thus in Derwen parish book, in 1695, is the following entry: "For nogging ye spars and timber for yo nogg 00.06.00"; and again, in the same book, in 1714, "For 2 thousand of slates two pound". In Eglwys Fach accounts is the following entry under the year 1717: "For drink to the masons and slaters 0.01.00".

The parish churches existing in the last century, for

5TH SER., VOL. V.

17

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