EXAMPLES.

1. A ceiling measures 43 feet 10 inches in length, and 25 feet 6 inches in breadth; how many square yards does it contain?

2. The compass of a room is 138 feet 8 inches, and its height 10 feet 3 inches; what will be the expense of plastering the wall with stucco, at 9d. per square yard, workmanship only? Ans. £5 18s. 51d.

3. A partition which measures 85 feet 10 inches in length, and 15 feet 6 inches in height, is rendered between quarters on both sides, and whitewashed; what did the whole cost, workmanship and materials; the lathing and plastering being charged 1s. 6d. per yard, and the whitewashing 24d. per yard? Ans. £21 11s. 9d.

4. A room measures 32 feet 10 inches in length, 21 feet 6 inches in breadth, and 12 feet 3 inches in height; and the girt of the cornice is 11 inches. The ceiling cost 1s. 9d. per yard, the rendering 10d. per yard, and the cornice 1s. 4d. per foot; what was the expense of the whole? Ans. £19 13s. 3 d.

PAINTERS' WORK.

PAINTERS generally compute the contents of all large articles, such as wainscotting, doors, window-shutters, &c. by the square yard; and every part is measured upon which the colour is laid.

Cornices and enriched mouldings are estimated by the lineal foot; window-frames at so much a piece; and windowsquares at so much per dozen, according to their size.

Deductions must always be made for fire-places and other openings.

Note 1. In measuring wainscotting, doors, window-shutters, &c. painters always gird over the swelling panels, in taking both the length and breadth; and press the tape into all the mouldings.

2. Balustrades are generally measured by taking the length of the hand-rail, for one dimension, and twice the height of the baluster, upon the landing added to the girt of the hand-rail, for the other dimension.

3. For lattice-work, double the area of one side is generally taken for the measurement of both sides; and the area and half the area of one side, for palisading; but no general rules can be given for these works, as they vary so much in the distance of their perpendiculars and horizontal parts.

4. Painters proportion their prices to the nature of the colouring, the number of coats the work receives, &c. &c.

EXAMPLES.

1. If a room be painted, whose height is 15 feet 6 inches, and compass 98 feet 9 inches; how many yards does it contain?

2. A door measures 7 feet 4 inches by 3 feet 8 inches what did 4 such doors cost painting on both sides, with 3 coats, at 10d. per yard? Ans. £1 Os. 41d.

3. The length of the hand-rail of a staircase is 21 feet 9 inches, and the girt of the hand-rail, and twice the height of the baluster, upon the landing, 7 feet 10 inches; how many yards of painting are contained in the balustrade? Ans. 18 yards, 8 feet, 41 in. 4. The lattice window of a dairy measures 4 feet 10 inches by 3 feet 6 inches; how many square yards of painting does it contain, taking the area of both sides? Ans. 3 yards, 6 feet, 10 in.

5. The compass of a wainscotted room is 118 feet 6 inches, and its height, to the under side of the cornice, 12 feet 8 inches; the door measures 7 feet 2 inches by 3 feet 6 inches; the lining round the door-way is 17 feet 4 inches long, and 9 inches broad; there are four pair of window-shutters, each of which measures 6 feet 10 inches

by 4 feet 6 inches; the soffit and check-boards of each window, are 19 feet 6 inches in length, and 14 inches in breadth; the fire-place, which is to be deducted, measures 6 feet 6 inches, by 5 feet 2 inches; the door and windowshutters are painted on both sides; required the expense of giving the whole 4 coats; the cornice, which is 117 feet in length, being charged 8d. per lineal foot, and all the other articles 1s. 10d. per square yard. Ans. £21 8s. 3d.

GLAZIERS' WORK.

GLAZIERS take their dimensions either in feet, inches, and parts, or in feet, tenths, and hundredths; and estimate their work by the square foot.

Note 1. The most general method of measuring a window is by taking the length and breadth, without making any deduction for the cross-bars between the panes ; sometimes, however, the measurement of a window is found by multiplying the area of one pane by the number of panes.

2. If windows be circular or elliptical, they must be measured as if they were squares or rectangles; the greatest lengths and breadths always being taken, in order to make a compensation for the waste of glass in cutting the panes into proper shapes.

EXAMPLES.

1. How many feet of glass are contained in a window which measures 7 feet 10 inches by 4 feet 7 inches? By Cross Multiplication.

2. A pane of plate glass measures 2 feet 8 inches by 1 foot 6 inches; what did 8 such panes cost, at 14s. 6d. per square foot? Ans. £23 4s.

3. The diameter of a circular window is 2 feet 9 inches; for how many feet must the glazier be paid, taking the window as a square? Ans. 7 ft. 9 in. 61 pa.

4. The base of a triangular sky-light measures 10 feet 6 inches, and the perpendicular 5 feet 8 inches; what did it cost glazing, at 1s. 10d. per square foot?

Ans. £2 14s. 61d.

5. There is a house with three tiers of windows, four in a tier; the height of the first tier is 7 feet 2 inches, of the second 6 feet 4 inches, and of the third 5 feet 8 inches; and the breadth of each window is 4 feet 6 inches. The height of a semi-circular window, above the door, is 2 feet; what did the whole cost glazing, at 2s. 6d. per square foot Ans. £44 2s. 6d.

PLUMBERS' WORK.

PLUMBERS' work is generally done at so much per pound, or else by the hundred weight of 112 pounds; and the price is regulated according to the value of the lead at the time when the work is performed.

Note. Sheet lead, used in roofing, guttering, &c. commonly weighs from 7 to 12 pounds per square foot; and leaden pipe varies in weight, per yard, according to the diameter of its bore in inches.

The first of the following Tables shows the weight of a square foot of sheet lead, in pounds, to each of the subjoined thicknesses, in tenths and hundredths of an inch; and the second exhibits the general weight of a yard of leaden pipe, according to the diameter of its bore.

1. A sheet of lead measures 18 feet 10 inches in length, and 5 feet 6 inches in breadth; required its weight, at 91 lb. to a square foot.

K

As 1 ft.: 9 lb. 8 oz.:: 103 ft. 7 in. : 8 cwt. 3 qu. 4 lb. O oz. 10 dr., the weight required.

2. What is the weight of a sheet of lead, whose length is 15 feet 10 inches, breadth 4 feet 6 inches, and thickness or .2 of an inch? Ans. 840.53625 pounds. 3. If I buy 150 yards of leaden pipe, whose bore is 13 inch; what will it cost me at 3d. per pound, admitting each yard to weigh 21 pounds? Ans. £49 4s. 44d.

4. What cost the covering and guttering of the roof of a church with lead, at £1 18s. per cwt. ; the length of the roof being 82 feet 9 inches, and its girt 65 feet 3 inches; the length of the guttering 165 feet 6 inches, and its breadth 1 foot 9 inches; admitting the thickness of the lead to be of an inch? Ans. £948 15s. 111⁄2d.

PAVERS' WORK.

PAVERS estimate their work by the square yard; and such dimensions must always be taken as will give the true

area.

EXAMPLES.

1. A rectangle measures 85 feet 9 inches in length, and 43 feet 6 inches in breadth; how many square yards of paving does it contain?