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No. 54, NEW SERIES.-Vol. II.
No. 993, OLD SERIES.-Vol. XX.

JANUARY 19, 1856.

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PRICE 1s., or with Digest Supplement, 2s.

BANK.

THOMAS FARNCOMB, Esq., Ald.

CHARLES GIBBES, Esq.

WILLIAM HAIGH, Esq.

GEORGE HANSON, Esq.

JOHN LEWIS RICARDO, Esq., M.P.
JOHN STEWART, Esq.
JOSHUA WALKER, Esq.

GENERAL MANAGER.-JAMES WILLIAM GILBART, F. R. S.

...

Lothbury.

1, St. James's-square. .214, High Holborn

3, Wellington-street, Borough

87, High-street, Whitechapel
4, Stratford-place, Oxford-street.
..217, Strand

W. T. HENDERSON, Manager.
J. W. WELDON, Manager.
WILLIAM EWINGS, Manager.
EDWARD KINGSFORD, Manager.
W. D. ASPERNE, Manager.
G. M. MITCHELL, Manager.
CHARLES WARD, Manager.

Current Accounts are received on the same principles as those observed by the London Bankers. No Christmas Boxes or other gratuities are allowed to be taken by the Officers of the Bank. The Bank also takes the Agency of Joint-stock Banks, Private Bankers, and other parties residing at a distance. Cheques on Penny Stamps may be drawn from any place in the United Kingdom.

Strong Rooms are provided for the security of Deeds and other property lodged by the Customers of the Bank.

Sums from 107. to 1000!. are received on Deposit, at a rate of interest to be fixed at the time, and they are repayable upon demand, without notice. If withdrawn within a month no interest is allowed.

Sums of 10002. and upwards are also received on Deposit Receipts, upon such terms as may be agreed upon, with regard to the rate of interest, and the time of repayment. Parties may lodge money upon an Interest Account who have no Current Account, and those who have Current Accounts may transfer any portion of their Balance to an interest Account.

The Rate of Interest allowed at present on Deposits of 5001. and upwards is Five per Cent.

London, Nov. 9, 1855.

J. W. GILBART, General Manager.

The Dividend for the past Half Year, at the rate of Six per Cent. per Annum, and a Bonus of Five per Cent. on the paid-up Capital of the Bank, (free of Income Tax), will be payable on Monday next, the 21st instant.

AS BARRISTER'S CLERK-WANTED, by a respect

able young Man, who has been for some years with a Barrister, a SITUATION as CLERK. Respectable references can be given. Address, A. B., Messrs. Davis & Son, 57, Carey-street, Lincoln's-inn.

LAW-A Gentleman, admitted, and fully competent to

manage Conveyancing Business without assistance, or to take the general management of an Office under the Principal, wishes for an ENGAGEMENT. Address, F. G. W., care of Messrs. Lewis, Wood, & Street, 6, Raymond-buildings, Gray's-inn.

CHITTY'S ARCHBOLD'S QUEEN'S BENCH PRACTICE.
Now ready, in 2 vols., the Ninth Edition of

ARCHBOLD'S (J. F.) PRACTICE of the COURT of

QUEEN'S BENCH in PERSONAL ACTIONS and EJECTMENT, including the Practice of the Courts of Common Pleas and Exchequer. By THOMAS CHITTY, Esq. The Ninth Edition. By SAMUEL PRENTICE, Esq., Barrister at Law. In two thick vols. royal 12mo., price 27. 8s. cloth boards.

London: H. Sweet, 3; Chancery-lane; V. & R. Stevens & G. S. Norton, 26, Bell-yard.

The Publishers beg to inform the Profession that Vol. 2 can be had, to complete sets, in two or three days.

CHITTY'S FORMS OP PROCEEDINGS.
This day is published, price 11. 10s. cloth boards,

FORMS of PRACTICAL PROCEEDINGS in the

COURTS of QUEEN'S BENCH, COMMON PLEAS, and EXCHEQUER of PLEAS. With Notes and Observations thereon. By THOMAS CHITTY, Esq., of the Inner Temple. The Seventh Edition. London: H. Sweet, and V. & R. Stevens & G. S. Norton, Law Bookseilers and Publishers. Hodges & Smith, Grafton street, Dublin.

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7. The Diagnosis of Insanity. By Dr. Bucknill.

8. Trial of Robert Handcock for Murder. Plea of Insanity.

9. Changes in the Commission of Lunacy.

10. Professor Laycock's Researches into the Functions of the Brain. REVIEWS.

1. The Seventh Report of the Inspectors of Lunatic Asylums in Ireland.

2. Blood-letting in Mental Disorders. By Dr. Pliny Earle.

3. The Elements of Psychological Medicine. By Dr. Noble.
FOREIGN LITERATURE.

1. Dreaming, Delirium, and Insanity. A Report and Discussion before
the Imperial Academy of Medicine of France.
London: Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans.

Just published, in 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s. cloth,

THE NEWS OF THE WORLD.-Price 2d. unstamped; A CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY of JERSEY. By

3d. stamped for Post.-The cheapest, largest, best, and most widely-circulated Newspaper in the World. Sale, 155,000 Copies Weekly, offering immense advantages to Advertisers. Printed in a new and splendid Type.

Office, 19, Exeter-street, Strand.

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CHARLES LE QUESNE, Esq., Jurat of the Royal Court, and Member of the States.

London: Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans.

This day is published, in 8vo., pp. 1142, price 17. 11s. 6d. in cloth,

BROOM'S COMMENTARIES. COMMENTARIES on

the COMMON LAW, designed as Introductory to its Study. By HERBERT BROOM, M. A., Barrister at Law, Reader in Common Law to the Inns of Court, Author of "A Selection of Legal Maxims," &c. Wm. Maxwell, 32, Bell-yard, Lincoln's-inn, London; J. H. Parker & Son, Oxford; and Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge.

Just published, price 10s. cloth, THE ELEMENTS of CONVEYANCING. With Practical Illustrations and Select Forms. By WILLIAM CLAYTON CLAYTON, M. A., of Lincoln's-inn, Esq., Barrister at Law. 1 vol. 8vo.

Henry Sweet, 3, Chancery-lane.

B

In

GAZETTES.-FRIDAY, Jan. 11.

BANKRUPTS.

L 1856.

31 at 1, Exeter, aud. ac.; Feb. 6 at 1, div.-James Hood, Selby, Yorkshire, currier, Jan. 24 at 11, Leeds, aud. ac.George Thompson, Knaresborough, Yorkshire, leather seller, Jan. 24 at 11, Leeds, aud. ac.-Henry Knight Furnell and Albert Kahl, Fenchurch-street, insurance brokers, Feb. 1 at Septimus Buxton, Carlisle, Cumberland, and Bradford, Yorkshire, woolstaplers, Feb. 1 at 11, London, div. joint est., and JAMES WILSON, Grafton-road, Kentish-town, Middlesex, div. sep. ests. of W. Buxton and S. S. Buxton.-James out of business, (formerly of Whitehaven, Cumberland, and Barney, Addle-street, Wood-street, warehouseman, Feb. 1 at Liverpool, shipbroker), Jan. 31 and Feb. 22 at 11, London:12, London, div.-Thomas Gardiner, Paul-street, Finsbury, Off. Ass. Cannan; Sol. Reed, 11, Ironmonger-lane.-Pet. licensed victualler. Feb. 1 at 12, London, div.-Robert Martin f. Jan. 10. and David Wardlaw Scott, Great St. Helens, London, merTHOMAS HAMPTON, Broadwater, Sussex, corn merchant, chants, Feb. 1 at 11, London, div. sep. est. of D. W. Scott. Jan. 25 at 12, and Feb. 19 at 1, London: Off. Ass. Lee ; -Edward Titcomb, Clewer-green, Berkshire, builder, Feb. 1 Sols. Vandercom & Co., 23, Bush-lane, Cannon-street. at half-past 11, London, div.-John Walsh, Liverpool, corn Pet. f. Jan. 8. merchant, Feb. 4 at 11, Liverpool, div.-Joseph Proffitt, ALEXANDER ANDERSON, Stourbridge, Worcestershire, Oldbury, Worcestershire, grocer, Feb. 1 at 11, Birmingham, innkeeper, Jan. 25 and Feb. 22 at 11, Birmingham: Off. div.-Joseph Webb, Scarborough, Yorkshire, hotel keeper, Ass. Christie; Sols. Addenbrooke, Stourbridge; E. & H. Feb. 1 at 11, Leeds, div.-Richard Kettle, Sheffield, YorkWright, Birmingham.-Pet. d. Jan. 7. shire woollendraper, Feb. 2 at 10, Sheffield, div.

ROBERT TURNER, Ludgate-hill, London, and Birmingham, draper, Jan. 23 at 2, and Feb. 19 at half-past 1, Lon-1, London, div.-William Buxton, John Buxton, and Samuel don: Off. Ass. Graham; Sol. Shephard, 16, Clifford's-inn, Fleet-street.-Pet. f. Jan. 9.

THOMAS WHITEHEAD and JOSEPH LASSEY, Mor-
ley, Yorkshire, dyers, Jan. 28 and Feb. 25 at 11, Leeds:
Off. Ass. Hope; Sol. Naylor, Leeds.-Pet. d. Jan. 9.
JAMES PRATT and CHARLES ABSON, Castleford,
Yorkshire, earthenware manufacturers, Jan. 28 and Feb. 18
at 12, Leeds: Off. Ass. Hope; Sols. Haigh, Horbury;
Bond & Barwick, Leeds.-Pet. d. Jan. 5.
GEORGE LONGDEN, Welton-in-the-Marsh, Lincoln-
shire, draper, Feb. 6 and 27 at 12, Kingston-upon-Hull:
Off. Ass. Carrick; Sol. Farrow, Alford.-Pet. d. Jan. 9.
EDWARD RHEAM SANDERSON, West Kinnald Ferry,
Lincolnshire, seed crusher, Feb. 6 and 27 at 12, Kingston-
upon-Hull: Off. Ass. Carrick; Sols. Peel, Liverpool;
Markiand, Leeds.-Pet. d. Dec. 24.
JOHN RICHARDS, Cardiff, Glamorganshire, shipowner,
Jan. 22 and Feb. 19 at 11, Bristol: Off. Ass. Miller; Sols.
Bevan & Girling, Bristol.-Pet. f. Jan. 9.
CHARLES FOX, Manchester, artist's colourman, Jan. 24
and Feb. 14 at 12, Manchester: Off. Ass. Hernaman; Sol.
Boote, Manchester.-Pet. f. Jan. 7.
SAMUEL LOWE, Oldham, Lancashire, provision dealer,
Jan. 28 and Feb. 25 at 12, Manchester: Off. Ass. Fraser;
Sol. Partington, Manchester.-Pet. f. Jan. 7.

MEETINGS.

Wm. H. Burgess, Miles-lane, London, and Clink-street, Southwark, export oilman, Jan. 22 at 12, London, aud. ac.; Jan. 23 at 12, last ex.-Henry Winder, Oxford-street, shawl dealer, Jan. 22 at half-past 12, London, last ex.-James Barlow, Birmingham, brassfounder, Feb. 7 at 11, Birmingham, last ex.-Richard Brierley Fletcher, Shaw Edge, Cromp. ton, Lancashire, cotton spinner, Jan. 24 at 1, Manchester, last ex.-Thomas Heywood and John Heywood, Wood-street, Cheapside, London, and Melbourne, New South Wales, lace warehousemen, Jan. 26 at 11, London, aud. ac.— -John Phillips, Wood-street, Clerkenwell, wholesale rag merchant, Jan. 25 at 11, London, aud. ac.-Richard Briant, Murray-street. New North-road, Hoxton, carpenter, Jan. 22 at 12, London, aud. ac.-John Fairbrother, Hertford, brewer, Jan. 23 at 12, London, aud. ac.-William Rich and Robert Hannah, Park-lane, Middlesex, tailors, Jan. 23 at 12, London, aud. ac.-Robert Burns, Liverpool, millwright, Jan. 21 at 11, Liverpool, aud. ac.-Thos. Mellor and Samuel Eason, Liverpool, merchants, Jan. 21 at 11, Liverpool, aud. ac. sep. est. of Thomas Mellor; Feb. 4 at 11, div. joint est., and sep. est. of Thomas Mellor.-Hopkin Eustance, Neath, Glamorganshire, wine merchant, Feb. 28 at 11, Bristol, aud. ac.-Stephen Carlton, Darlington, Durham, coach manufacturer, Jan. 25 at half-past 11, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, aud. ac.Thomas Richardson, Birmingham, penholder manufacturer, Jan. 25 at 11, Birmingham, aud. ac-William Lowe, Birmingham, boot manufacturer, Jan. 25 at 11, Birmingham, aud. ac.-.

-Richard Gribbell and Richard Luscombe, Tavistock, Devonshire, wholesale grocers, Jan. 31 at 1, Exeter, aud. ac. joint est., and sep. est. of Richard Luscombe; and Feb. 6 at 1, div. joint est., and sep. est. of Richard Luscombe.-Benjamin Vickers, Newton Bushell, Devonshire, wine merchant, Jan. 31 at 1, Exeter, aud. ac.; Feb. 6 at 1, div.-Edward Wadge, Linkinhorn, Cornwall, auctioneer, Jan. 31 at 1, Exeter, aud. ac.-Henry Hawken Dyer, Boscastle, Cornwall, grocer, Jan.

CERTIFICATES.

To be allowed, unless Cause be shewn to the contrary on or before the Day of Meeting.

Francis Putley, Newington-causeway, Surrey, watch maker, Feb. 1 at 12, London.-William Larking, Ipswich, innkeeper, Feb. 1 at half-past 1, London. -John Nevin, Sevenoaks, Kent, ironmonger, Feb. 2 at half-past 11, London.-R. T. Fitchett, Hanover-st., Hanover-square, tailor, Feb. 1 at 12, London.Thomas Lewis, Bath, builder, Feb. 12 at 11, Bristol.-Robert Waddams Street, Weston-super-Mare, Somersetshire, grocer, Feb. 18 at 11, Bristol.-Hopkin Eustance, Neath, Glamorganshire, wine merchant, Feb. 11 at 11, Bristol.-John Winterbottom, Kersley, Lancashire, provision dealer, Feb. 7 at 12, Manchester.-John Jones, Chester, draper, Feb. 4 at 11, Liverpool.-Joseph Stead, Leeds, grocer, Feb. 4 at 12, Leeds. -George Ridge and Thos. Jackson, Sheffield, stationers, Feb. 2 at 10, Sheffield.-W. Ledger, Doncaster, joiner, Feb. 2 at 10, Sheffield.

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To be granted, unless an Appeal be duly entered.
street, Drury-lane, newspaper proprietor.-Thomas Harvey,
Joseph Thomas, Catherine-street, Strand, and White Hart.
Great St. Helens, money scrivener.
Charles Merit Rigg,
Upper Stamford-street, Blackfriars, apothecary.-A. Green-
hill, Harrow-on-the-Hill, baker.-Robert Taylor, Watts-ter-
race, Old Kent-road, Camberwell, baker.-Robert Daniel,
Victoria Wharf, Union-place, Pimlico, stone merchant.-Jas.
Starkey, Old-street, St. Luke's, builder.-Gustave Louis
Longfils, Pilgrim-st., Ludgate-hill, merchant.-G. Hoffman,
Park-terrace, Park-road, Clapham, brewer.-Charles Viner,
Henry Viner, George Viner, and Joseph John Viner, Brigh-
ton, and Cliffe, Lewes, plumbers.-Thomas Salmon, Kette-
ring, Northamptonshire, ironmonger.-Thomas Ainsworth,
Over Darwen, Lancashire, power-loom cloth manufacturer.
PETITION ANNULLED.

George Weatherhead, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, joiner.
PARTNERSHIP DISSOLVED.
Hugh Shield and Joseph Unwin Harwood, Clement's-lane,
Lombard-street, attornies and solicitors.

TUESDAY, Jan. 15.
BANKRUPTS.

JOHN TODD MERRICK, Chancellor-road, Hammer-
smith, Middlesex, and St. George's-place, Walworth-road,
Surrey, builder, Jan. 23 at 11, and Feb. 22 at 2, London:
Off. Ass. Pennell; Sols. Lawrance & Co., 14, Old Jewry-
chambers.-Pet. f. Jan. 9.

EDWIN WINSCOM, Croydon, pianoforte dealer, Jan. 25
at half-past 12, and Feb. 23 at half-past 11, London: Off.
Ass. Penuell; Sol. Reed, 11, Ironmonger-lane.-Pet. f.
Jan. 12.

GEORGE BROWN and WILLIAM RUSBY, Bankside,
Southwark, Surrey, and Idle, near Leeds, Yorkshire, stone
merchants, Jan. 30 at 2, and Feb. 26 at 12, London: Off.
Ass. Graham; Sol. Hughes, 13, Gresham-street, City.-
Pet. f. Jan. 12.

[For continuation of Gazette, see p. 23].

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however, that the commissioners uniformly decline to
act under that section, which is merely permissive, and
does not render it obligatory on them to commute the
duty at the request of a person entitled to a succession
in expectancy. If this be their course of practice, it
would seem, that if the property sold will, in the case
supposed, remain liable to duty, the conditions of sale
ought to provide either that the purchaser shall take
the estate subject to such liability, or shall be satisfied
with an indemnity against it. If there be any reason-
able ground for holding that the liability exists, the
point assumes considerable practical importance, as
sales by tenants for life and remaindermen are not very
uncommon.

We shall proceed shortly to review the clauses of the
act which appear to bear upon the question. The
1st clause provides, that "the term 'succession' shall
denote any property chargeable with duty under this
act"-meaning, it is apprehended, by "property," any
estate or interest in property. Then the 2nd section, the
object of which is to lay down what dispositions and
devolutions of property shall confer successions, pro-
vides, that "every past or future disposition of property,
by reason whereof any person has or shall become be-
neficially entitled to any property, or the income
thereof, upon the death of any person dying after the
time appointed for the commencement of this act,
either immediately or after any interval, either cer-
tainly or contingently, and either originally or by way
of substitutive limitation, and every devolution by law
of any beneficial interest in property, or the income

thereof, upon the death of any person dying after the time appointed for the commencement of this act, to any other person, in possession or expectancy, shall be deemed to have conferred or to confer on the person entitled by reason of any such disposition or devolution

a succession."

In this section it does not appear that "beneficially entitled" can be taken to mean "beneficially entitled in possession," for the act speaks of a person becoming beneficially entitled "either certainly or contingently;" and in the 15th section it speaks of a "succession" becoming vested, by alienation or other derivative title, in another person "before the successor shall have become entitled thereto, or to the income thereof, in possession." It would seem, then, that in the case before us, B.'s remainder in fee is a succession within the meaning of sect. 2, and so an interest "chargeable with duty" under the act, though by virtue of sect. 20 no duty becomes payable until the determination of A.'s life

estate.

Suppose, now, that B. were to convey his remainder separately to a purchaser. Sect. 15 provides, that "where, after the time appointed for the commencement of this act, any succession shall, before the successor shall have become entitled thereto, or to the income thereof, in possession, have become vested by alienation, or by any title not conferring a new succession in any other person, then the duty payable in respect thereof shall be paid at the same rate and time as the same would have been payable if no such alienation had been made or derivative title created;" and the 44th section, in terms, makes the alienee accountable for the duty. The purchaser, therefore, would stand in B.'s place as to the duty.

Suppose, then, that after purchasing B.'s remainder, the purchaser were to purchase A.'s life estate, it is provided by sect. 15, that "where the title to any succession shall be accelerated by the surrender or extinction of any prior interests, then the duty thereon shall be payable at the same time and in the same manner as such duty would have been payable if no such acceleration had taken place." The purchaser, therefore, though now owner in fee, would still stand in the same position as to succession duty on the interest purchased

from B.

Now, the case before us only differs from the above in the fact, that instead of acquiring the fee-simple in possession under two distinct contracts and two distinct conveyances, the purchaser acquires it under one contract and one conveyance; and there appears to be much difficulty in holding, that, as against the revenue, it can make any difference whether the two owners sell their interests separately, or join in disposing at once of the entire fee, which is made up of those partial interests.

We have heard it urged, non constat that the purchase money will not at once be laid out in other land to be settled to the same uses. To this it may be answered, non constat that it will; the tenant for life and remainderman are not bound so to apply it; they can if they choose divide it between them at once, in such shares as they think fit; and if the land is discharged, the revenue has no security, beyond the personal liability of the vendors, for the payment of the duty. The act in terms provides (sect. 42) for the case of a power of sale, exchange, or partition, exerciseable with the consent of a successor, or by a successor with the consent

19

of some other person, and enacts that the charge of the duty on the succession shall not disqualify the successor from consenting to the exercise of, or exercising, such ground; for in powers of sale and exchange the monies power. But that case stands on a totally distinct are made payable into the hands of trustees, upon trust for re-investment in land to be settled to the same uses; and the Legislature might well consider, that where the money was to come into the hands of disinterested stakeholders, there was no material risk in allowing the land to be discharged, and in transferring the charge, as the act in terms does in that case, to the proceeds of sale and the lands purchased with them. But this reason has no application where the money comes to the hands of the parties beneficially entitled. practically enable any tenant for life and remainderman, To hold the land to be discharged in such a case would who chose to sell their estate and divide the proceeds, to elude the payment of the duty. The general scope of the act appears adverse to allowing alienation to have any effect on the liability of the land to duty, except in the case particularly provided for by the 42nd section.

is re-invested in the purchase of land which is settled to It may perhaps be urged, that if the purchase money the same uses, this land will be liable to succession duty, and that a double duty will have to be paid, which ought not to be the case, when all that has in effect been done is to substitute one estate for another. To the newly-settled lands may be, it arises from the this it may be answered, that whatever the liability of voluntary act of the tenant for life and remainderman, who were not bound to deal with the purchase money in this way. The case seems to stand on much the same footing as that of a tenant for life and remainderduty, and then employ it in the purchase of an estate, man of a legacy who receive the legacy, less legacy which they settle so as to give the tenant for life of the legacy an estate for life in the land, with remainder in fee to the person entitled to the reversion in the legacy. We apprehend that double duty could rarely become tice. Suppose a stranger to settle lands on A. for life, payable in such a way as to produce any gross injusremainder to B. in fee, so that B. would be liable to 107. per cent. succession duty; then A. and B. sell the lands, and invest the purchase money in the purchase of other lands, which are conveyed to the same uses. If the view that the original lands are discharged be correct, it may be, and in all probability would be, held that the newly-settled lands ought to be taken as a substitute for them, and so liable to the same duty. But if the originally-settled lands are not discharged, we apprehend that B. would not be held liable to duty at 107. per cent. in respect of his succession in the newly-settled lands; for unless the newly-settled lands are taken as a mere substitute for the original lands, they must be taken to have been settled by A. and B., not by the original settlor. Now, having regard to the nature of the interests of A. and B. in the money, it might probably be held that B.'s succession in the newly-settled lands was taken under a disposition made by himself, and therefore not liable to duty; and at all events it is taken partially, if not wholly, under a disposition made by himself.

On the whole, therefore, we think that the contention is at least plausible, that in the case we have supposed the land sold will be liable to succession duty on the death of A. It therefore appears advisable, that in all cases where a tenant for life and remainderman are the vendors the conditions of sale should obviate disputes on this point, by providing either that the purchaser should take the property subject to its liability, if any, to the succession duty, or that he should be bound to accept some specified indemnity against being called upon to pay it.

19

NOTES OF THE WEEK.

IN Carlon v. Ireland the Court of Queen's Bench (Jan. 11) has upheld the ruling of Lord Campbell, C. J., that crossed cheques are as negotiable as uncrossed, although the fact of their being crossed may cast upon the party taking them the onus of shewing that he took them bonâ fide.

In The African Steam-ship Company v. Swanzy, Sir W. P. Wood, V. C., heid (Jan. 11) that the word "value" in sect. 504 of the 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104, (the Merchant Shipping Act), means marketable value of the vessel.

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country. We shall leave Mr. Dowdeswell to describe
in his own words his opinion of the governing statute
upon the subject, and the plan which he has adopted
in its treatment. During the present reign," he
says, "in consequence partly of the change in our ma-
ritime policy, and partly of increased attention to the
comfort of seamen and passengers, numerous enactments
'have been passed, altering and superseding in part, from
'session to session, former provisions, and at the com-
'mencement of the last year the statutes upon this sub-
'ject presented a singular specimen of patchwork. They
were, indeed, a rudis indigestaque moles of legisla-
tion. Under such circumstances, we cannot but regard

6

Mr. Serjeant Adams, the assistant judge of the Mid-the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, with favour, as a dlesex Sessions, expired at his residence, 9, Hyde Park-most valuable attempt to arrange, condense, simplify, street, on the 10th inst. He was in his seventieth year, and had presided on the Middlesex bench for twenty years.

The title selected by Mr. Baron Parke is Baron Wensleydale, of Wensleydale, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The title is granted only for life.

PUBLIC EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS.

Ar the public examination of the Students of the Inns of Court, held at Lincoln's Inn Hall, on the 8th, 9th, and 10th January, 1856, the Council of Legal Education awarded to

Frederick C. J. Millar, Esq., student of the Inner Temple, a studentship of 50 guineas per annum, to continue for a period of three years.

Henri Fulcher Brunet, Esq., student of the Middle Temple, and Thomas Key, Esq., student of Lincoln's Inn, certificates of honour of the first class.

John Marshall Hayman, Esq., student of Lincoln's Inn, a certificate that he has satisfactorily passed a public examination.

By order of the Council,

(Signed) RICHARD BETHELL, Chairman. Council Chamber, Lincoln's Inn,

Jan. 14, 1856.

Reviews.

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and amend the old enactments; and if defects be found, which are, in truth, inevitable, great forbearance and indulgence should be extended to them, and we should receive this measure in a grateful spirit, remembering the chaos from which it has redeemed us. Upon 'examination, however, it will be found to possess many merits as a legal composition, and generally to 'be carefully drawn, and well and clearly expressed. Whether, in a political point of view, its provisions are wise or imprudent, is a question foreign to our present inquiry. As lawyers, and persons administering or acting under the law, we have now only to learn what the Legislature has ordained; and the ob'ject of the present work is, by means of an analysis, without the incumbrance of legal verbiage and minute 'detail, to present a general view of the statute, and, by an explanation of the commercial law upon the subject, to ascertain the foundation and basis upon which it is to operate. It is also proposed, when it is feasi'ble, by reference to decisions on former enactments, to throw light upon the meaning of the Legislature, and thus to derive aid in the interpretation of its language; and, finally, to append the act itself, for the 'purpose of reference in practice, interspersed with 'notes of such matters as may be of service in carrying 'its provisions into execution.

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"This statute, then, which supersedes almost all the 'previous enactments upon the subject embraced by it, 'is divided into eleven parts. Of these, the first re'lates to the Board of Trade, and its general functions in superintending and directing the carrying out of the act; the second, to British shipping, its ownership, measurement, and registration; the third, to masters and seamen; the fourth establishes regulations with a view to safety and the prevention of accidents; In-houses; the seventh relates to the Mercantile Marine 'the fifth regulates pilots and pilotage; the sixth, lightFund; the eighth, to wrecks, casualties, and salvage; the ninth, to the responsibility of shipowners; the tenth, to legal procedure upon the various matters 'embraced by the enactment; and the eleventh part 'contains some minor miscellaneous matters. The

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The Merchant Shipping Acts, 1854 and 1855, (17 & 18
Vict. cc. 104, 120, and 18 & 19 Vict. c. 91); with
a readable Abridgment of the former Act, and an
Explanation of the Law relating to it; also Notes
and an Appendix, containing a Selection of the
structions and Forms issued by the Commissioners of
Customs and Board of Trade. By GEORGE MORLEY
DOWDESWELL, Esq., of the Inner Temple, Barrister-
at-Law. 8vo., pp. 647. [Stevens & Norton, 1856.]
MR. DOWDESWELL always brings to his editorial la-
bours not only learning and industry, but also clearness
of arrangement and clearness of expression. He is
therefore well qualified to give us a readable abridg-order thus presented."
ment of a statute, which fills no less than 548 sec-
tions, and exhausts the alphabet (less three letters) for
the designation of its forms in the schedule. If any-
thing can justify an act of such dimensions, it is the
importance of the subject to which it is devoted, and
the comprehensive grasp of its provisions. It forms a
very code of merchant shipping law; and although,
alas! it was found necessary to amend the great act of
1854 in the session of 1855, and it may be necessary in
the session of 1856 to pass another act to amend "the
Merchant Shipping Act Amendment Act, 1855," yet
it must be admitted that there is a broad basis to amend
upon; and it was something favourable to start with two
years ago, that we had a statute consolidating a branch
of law which regulates the mercantile marine of this

An Introduction to the Study of Jurisprudence; being a
Translation of the General Part of Thibaut's System
des Pandekten Rechts; with Notes and Illustrations.
By NATHANIEL LINDLEY, of the Middle Temple, Esq.,
Barrister-at-Law. 8vo., pp. 379. [Maxwell.]

BETWEEN the absurdity of attempting to illustrate and influence the decision of every new or doubtful point that is discussed in an English court by reference to the details of the digest, and that of utterly ignoring a system of jurisprudence which is generally acknowledged to contain the clearest and most complete exposition of those general principles according to which every system of laws, so far as it is scientific, must be

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