A TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF LEVELLING |
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Page 26
... completing an observation ; the horizontal cross wire coinciding with the division .20 above 16 feet , the staff being read downwards in consequence of its apparent inversion ; the reading , therefore , of such an observation , to be ...
... completing an observation ; the horizontal cross wire coinciding with the division .20 above 16 feet , the staff being read downwards in consequence of its apparent inversion ; the reading , therefore , of such an observation , to be ...
Page 28
... complete , and its proof consists in the observer having at the same time a clear and well - defined image both of the staff and the cross wires , which will be the case if they seem to be attached to each other , or , in other words ...
... complete , and its proof consists in the observer having at the same time a clear and well - defined image both of the staff and the cross wires , which will be the case if they seem to be attached to each other , or , in other words ...
Page 30
... complete it , a succession . of similar operations must be performed , as shown in the annexed engraving . D E F G A B C Suppose it were required to find the difference of level between the points A and G ; a staff is erected at A , the ...
... complete it , a succession . of similar operations must be performed , as shown in the annexed engraving . D E F G A B C Suppose it were required to find the difference of level between the points A and G ; a staff is erected at A , the ...
Page 33
... bench marks are made by the person who takes the section in the first instance , and are some- times previously determined upon . When the section is complete ON LEVELLING . 33 PART II THE PRACTICE OF LEVELLING ON RUNNING OR CHECK LEVELS.
... bench marks are made by the person who takes the section in the first instance , and are some- times previously determined upon . When the section is complete ON LEVELLING . 33 PART II THE PRACTICE OF LEVELLING ON RUNNING OR CHECK LEVELS.
Page 34
FREDERICK W. SIMMS. times previously determined upon . When the section is complete , their relative heights with regard to the base line or datum of the section become known ; con- sequently , they may be considered as so many zero or ...
FREDERICK W. SIMMS. times previously determined upon . When the section is complete , their relative heights with regard to the base line or datum of the section become known ; con- sequently , they may be considered as so many zero or ...
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Common terms and phrases
50 base adjustment approximate point b₁ b₂ back sight back staff bench mark calculations centre line centre stake chain clinometer Cloth computed half width construction correct cross wires curvature curve cuttings and embankments datum line depth of cutting determined diagram difference of level direction distance Dover Castle Dumpy Level earth edition engraving equal example field-book Folkstone Foot of bank Fore Sight forward reading forward station give gradient ground Gunter's chain horizontal line hypothenuse Hypsometry Illustrated inches inclined plane instrument J. P. WHITNEY length line A B lines of railway mean height measured Merrimack River method middle area mile object glass observer obtain outer rail parallax perpendicular placed plates point a₁ point H practice radius ratio Reduced Levels refraction represent right angles slope spirit-level stones subtracted superelevation surveyor Tables tangent telescope theodolite tion Top of bank Treatise turnpike road yards
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