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monks, iii. 473. A valuable cargo of,
imported from Constantinople by Lou-
is IX. of France, vii. 373.
Remigius, bishop of Rheims, converts
Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 426.
Repentance, its high esteem, and exten-
sive operation, among the primitive
Christians, ii. 92.

Resurrection, general, the Mahometan
doctrine of, vi. 259.

Retiarius, the mode of his combat with
the secutor, in the Roman amphithea-
tre, i. 107.

Revenues of the primitive church, how
distributed, ii. 113. 426. Of the Ro-
man empire, when removed to Con-
stantinople, a review of, 275.
Rhateum, city of, its situation, ii. 225.
Rhatia described, i. 25.

Rhazates, the Persian general, defeated
and killed by the emperor Heraclius,
v. 474.

Rhetoric, the study of, congenial to a po-
pular state, v. 104.

Rhine, the banks of, fortified by the em
peror Valentinian, iii. 273.
Rhodes, account of the colossus of, vi.
357. The knights of, vii. 474.
Richard 1. of England engages in the
third crusade, vii. 284. Bestows the
island of Cyprus on the house of Lu-
signan, 310. His reply to the exhor-
tations of Fulk of Neuilly, 313.
Richard, monk of Cirencester, his literary
character, iv. 161. note.

Ricimer, count, his history, iv. 320. Per-
mits Majorian to assume the Imperial
dignity in the Western empire, 323.
Enjoys supreme power under cover of
the name of the emperor Libius Seve-
rus, 333. Marries the daughter of
the emperor Anthemius, 340. Sacks
Rome, and kills Anthemius, 356. His
death, 357.

Rienzi, Nicholas di, his birth, character,
and history, viii. 216.

Roads, Roman, the construction and
great extent of, i. 57.

Robert of Courtenay, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vii. 366.

Robert, count of Flanders, his character
and engagement in the first crusade,
vii. 212.

Robert, duke of Normandy, his character
and engagement in the first crusade,
vii. 212. Recalled by the censures of

the church, 237.
Roderic, the Gothic king of Spain, his

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Romanus III. Argyrus, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 122.

Romanus IV. Diogenes, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 128. Is defeated and
taken prisoner by the Turkish sultan
Alp Arslan, vii. 172. His treatment,
deliverance, and death, 174.
Romanus, count, governor of Africa, his
corrupt administration, iii. 286.
Romanus, governor of Bosra, betrays it
to the Saracens, vi. 330.
Rome, the three periods of its decline
pointed out, i. Preface. Its prosperous
circumstances in the second century,
1. The principal conquests of, atchiev-
ed under the republic, 2. Conquests
under the emperors, 3. Military es
tablishment of the emperors, 10. Na-
val force of the empire, 20. View of
the provinces of the empire, 22. Its
general extent, 31. The union and in-
ternal prosperity of the empire, in the
age of the Antonines, accounted for,
32. Treatment of the provinces, 40.
Benefits included in the freedom of
the city, 41. Distinction between the
Latin and Greek provinces, 42. Pre-
valence of the Greek, as a scientific
language, 45. Numbers and condition
of the Roman siaves, ibid. Populous-
ness of the empire, 48. Unity and
power of the government, ib. Monu-
inents of Roman architecture, 49. The
Roman magnificence chiefly displayed
in public buildings, 53. Principal cities
in the empire, 54. Public roads, 57.
Great improvements of agriculture in
the western countries of the empire,
59. Arts of luxury, 61. Commerce

with the East, 62. Contemporary re-
presentation of the prosperity of the
empire, 64. Decline of courage and
genius, 65. Review of public affairs
after the battle of Actium, 67. The
Imperial power and dignity confirmed
to Augustus by the senate, 69. The
various characters and powers vested
in the emperor, 73. General idea of
the Imperial system, 77. Abortive at-
tempt of the senate to resume its rights
after the murder of Caligula, 81. The
emperors associate their intended suc-
cessors to power, 83. The most hap-
py period in the Roman history point-
ed out, 89. Their peculiar misery under
their tyrants, 99. The empire publicly
sold by auction by the prætorian guards,
119. Civil wars of the Romans, how
generally decided, 133. When the
army first received regular pay, 177.
How the citizens were relieved from
taxation, 178. General estimate of the
Roman revenue from the provinces,
180. Miseries flowing from the suc-
cession to the empire being elective,
188. A summary review of the Ro-
man history, 217. Recapitulation of
the war with Parthia, 230. Invasion
of the provinces by the Goths, 276.
The office of censor revived by the
emperor Decius, 278. Peace purchased
of the Goths, 282. The emperor Va-
lerian taken prisoner by Sapor king of
Persia, 303. The popular conceit of
the thirty tyrants of Rome investi-
gated, 309. Famine and pestilence
throughout the empire, 316. The city
fortified against the inroads of the
Alemanni, 336. Remarks on the al-
leged sedition of the officers of the
mint under Aurelian, 352. Observa-
tions on the peaceful interregnum after
the death of Aurelian, 357. Colonies
of Barbarians introduced into the pro-
vinces by Probus, 374. Exhibition of
the public games by Carinus, 386.
Treaty of peace between the Persians
and the Romans, 422. The last tri-
umph celebrated at Rome, 424. How
the Imperial courts came to be trans-
ferred to Milan and Nicomedia, 426.
The prætorian bands superseded by the
Jovian and Herculean guards, 428.
The power of the senate annihilated,
429. Four divisions of the empire
under four conjunct princes, 432.
Their expensive establishments call
for more burdensome taxes, 433.

Dioclesian and Maximian abdicate the
empire, 435. Six emperors existing at
one time, ii. 17. The senate and peo-
ple apply to Constantine to deliver
them from the tyranny of Maxentius,
25. Constantine enters the city victo-
rious, 34. Laws of Constantine, 46.
Constantine remains sole emperor, 56.
History of the progress and establish-
ment of Christianity, 57. Pretensions
of the bishop of Rome, whence de-
duced, 108. State of the church at
Rome at the time of the persecution by
Nero, 126. Narrative of the fire of
Rome, in the reign of Nero, 153 The
Christians persecuted as the incendia-
ries, 154. The memorable edicts of
Diocletian and his associates against
the Christians, 198.

Rome, account of the building and es-

tablishment of the rival city of Con-
stantinople, ii. 221. New forms of ad-
ministration established there, 239.
Division of the empire among the sons
of Constantine, 312. Establishment
of Christianity as the national religion,
417. Tumults excited by the rival bi-
shops, Liberius and Fælix, iii. 61. Pa-
ganism restored by Julian, 135. And
Christianity by Jovian, 234. The em-
pire divided into the East and West,
by the emperor Valentinian, 244.
Civil institutions of Valentinian, 256.
The crafty avarice of the clergy re-
strained by Valentinian, 265. Bloody
contest of Damasus and Ursinus for
the bishopric of Rome, 267. Great
earthquake, 312.

Rome, the emperor Theodosius visits the
city, iii. 424. Inquiry into the cause of
the corruption of morals in his reign,
447. Review of the Pagan establish-
ment, 450. The Pagan religion re-
nounced by the senate, 455. Sacrifi-
ces prohibited, 457. The Pagan reli-
gion prohibited, 466. Triumph of
Honorius and Stilicho, over Alaric the
Goth, iv. 48. Alaric encamps under
the walls of the city, 83. Retrospect of
the state of the city when besieged by
Hannibal, 84. Wealth of the nobles,
and magnificence of the city, 89. Cha-
racter of the nobles of, by Ammianus
Marcellinus, 92. State and character
of the common people, 100. Public
distributions of bread, &c. 102. Public
baths, 103. Games and spectacles,
104. Attempts to ascertain the popu-
lation of the city, 105. The citizens

suffer by famine, 109. Plague, 110.
The retreat of Alaric purchased by a
ransom, 111. Is again besieged by
Alaric, 117. The senate unites with
him in electing Attalus emperor, 119.
The city seized by Alaric, and plun-
dered, 122. Comparison between
this event, and the sack of Rome by
the emperor Charles V. 131. Alaric

quits Rome, and ravages Italy, 133.
Laws passed for the relief of Rome,
and Italy, 141. Triumph of Honorius
for the reduction of Spain by Wallia,
155. Is preserved from the hands of
Attila by a ransom, 296. Indications
of the ruin of the empire, at the death
of Valentinian III. 304. Sack of the
city by Genseric king of the Vandals,
310. The public buildings of, protect-
ed from depredation by the laws of
Majorian, 326. Is sacked again by the
patrician Ricimer, 356. Augustulus,
the last emperor of the West, 360.
The decay of the Roman spirit re-
marked, 366. History of monastic in-
stitutions in, 374. General observations
on the history of the Roman em-
pire, 485.
Rome....Italy conquered by Theodoric
the Ostrogoth, v. 9. Prosperity of the
city under his government, 21. Ac-
count of the four factions in the circus,
54. First introduction of silk among
the Romans, 65. The office of consul
suppressed by Justinian, 109. The city
receives Belisarius, 161. Siege of, by
the Goths, ibid. Distressful siege of,
by Totila the Goth, 259. Is taken,
261. Is recovered by Belisarius, 264.
Is again taken by Totila, 268. Is taken
by the eunuch Narses, 276. Extinc-
tinction of the senate, 278. The city
degraded to the second rank under
the exarchs of Ravenna, 285. A re-
view of the Roman laws, 302. Extent
of the duchy of, under the exarchs of
Ravenna, 403. Miserable state of the
city, 411. Pontificate of Gregory the
Great, 416.

Rome, the government of the city new
modelled under the popes, after their
revolt from the Greek emperors, vi.
170. Is attacked by the Lombards,
and delivered by king Pepin, 174. The
office and rank of exarchs and patri-
cians explained, 178. Reception of
Charlemagne by pope Adrian I. 179.
Origin of the temporal power of the
popes, 180. Mode of electing a pope,

205. Is menaced by the Saracens, 447.
Prosperous pontificate of Leo IV.449.
Is besieged and taken by the emperor
Henry III. vii. 137. Great part of the
city burnt by Robert Guiscard, in the
cause of pope Gregory VII. 139.
-, The history of, resumed, after the
capture of Constantinople by the Turks,
viii. 168. French and German empe-
rors of, 169. Authority of the popes,
170. Restoration of the republican form
of government, 182. Office of senator,
187. Wars against the neighbouring
cities, 194. Institution of the Jubilee,
203. Revolution in the city, by the tri-
bune Rienzi, 217. Calamities flowing
from the schism of the papacy, 242.
Statutes and government of the city,
249. Porcaro's conspiracy, 251. The
ecclesiastical government of, 256. Re-
flections of Poggius on the ruin of the
city, 259. Four principal causes of its
ruin specified, 262. The Coliseum of
Titus, 274. Restoration and ornaments
of the city, 281.
Romilda, the betrayer of Friuli to the
Avars, her cruel treatment by them,
v. 459.

Rosamoud, daughter of Cunimund king
of the Gepida, her marriage with Al-
boin king of the Lombards, v. 384.
Conspires his murder, 391. Her flight
and death, 392.

Roum, the Seljukian kingdom of, form-
ed, vii. 183.
Rudbeck, Olaus, summary abridgment
of the argument in his Atlantica, i.
244.

Rufinus, the confidential minister of the
emperor Theodosius the Great, stimu-
lates his cruelty against Thessalonica,
iii. 432. His character and administra-
tion, iv. 2. His death. 16.

Rugilas, the Hun, his settlement in Hou-
gary, iv. 232.

Runic characters, the antiquity of, traced,
i. 245. note.

Russia, origin of the monarchy of, vii.
84. Geography and trade of, 86. Na-
val expeditions of the Russians against
Constantinople, 89. Reign of the czar
Swatoslaus, 93. The Russians con-
verted to Christianity, 96. Isconquer-
ed by the Moguls, 462.
Rustan, a Persian nobleman, a saying of
his expressive of the danger of living
under despots, i. 90.

Rutilius, his character of the monks of
Capraria, iv. 23.

S

Sabellius the heresiarch, his opinions af-
terward adopted by his antagonists, iii.
16. His doctrine of the Trinity, 19.
The Sabellians unite with the Tritheists
at the council of Nice to overpower the
Arians, 21.

Sabians, their astronomical mythology,
vi. 241.

Sabinian obtains the command of the

Eastern provinces from Constantius,
ii. 367.

Sabinian, general of the East, is defeated
by Theodoric the Ostrogoth king of
Italy v. 18.

Sabinians, origin of the sect of, in the
Roman civil law, v. 322.
Sadducees, account of that sect among
the Jews, ii. 80.

Saladin, his birth, promotion and charac-
ter, vii. 274. Conquers the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 278. His ineffectual
siege of Tyre, 281. Siege of Acre,
283. His negotiations with Richard I.
of England, 287. His death, 288.
Salerno, account of the medical school of,
vii. 122.

Salic laws, history of, iv. 443.
Sallust, the præfect and friend of the em.
peror Julian,declines the offer of the dia-
dem on his death, iii. 218. Declines it
again on the death of Jovian, 239. Is
retained in his employment by the em-
peror Valentinian, 244.

Sallust, the historian, by what funds he
raised his palace on the Quirinal hill,
iv. 128. note.

Salona, the retreat of the emperor Dio.
cletian, described, i. 439.

Salvian his account of the distress and re-

bellion of the Bagaudæ, iv. 305. note.
Samanides, the Saracen dynasty of, vi.
461.

Samaritans, persecution and extinction

of, by the emperor Justinian, vi. 43.
Samuel the prophet, his ashes conveyed
to Constantinople, iii. 473.
Sapor, king of Persia, procures the assas-
sination of Chosroes king of Armenia,
and seizes the country, i. 302. Defeats
the emperor Valerian, and takes him
prisoner, 303. Sets up Cyriades as suc-
cessor to Valerian in the Roman em-
pire, ibid. Over-runs Syria, Cilicia, and
Cappadocia, 304. His death, 346.
Bapor, the son of Hormouz, is crowned
king of Persia before his birth, ii. 313.
His character and early heroism, 314.

VOL. VIII.

Harasses the Eastern provinces of the
Roman empire, 316. Battle of Sin-
gara, against the emperor Constantius,
317. His son brutally killed by Con-
stantius, 319. His several attempts on
Nisibis, ibid. Concludes a truce with
Constantius, 321. His haughty pro-
positions to Constantius, 360. Invades
Mesopotamia, 362. Reduces Amida,
365. Returns home, 366. His peace-
ful overtures to the emperor Julian, iii.
175. His consternation at the successes
of Julian, 206. Harasses the retreat of
the Romans, 211. His treaty with the
emperor Jovian, 222. His reduction
of Armenia, and death, 293. 296.
Saracen, various definitions of that appel-
lation, vi. 230. note.

Saracens, successions of the caliphs of,
vi. 295. Their rapid conquests, 314.
Conquest of Persia, 322. Siege of Da-
mascus, 331. Battle of Yermuk and
conquest of Syria, 345. Of Egypt,
357 Invasions of Africa, 372. Their
military character, vii. 34.

Sarbar, the Persian general, joins the
Avars in besieging Constantinople, v.
470. Revolts to the emperor Hera-
clius, 473.

Sardinia, expulsion of the Vandals from,
by Marcellinus, iv. 344. Is conquered
by Zano, the brother of Gelimer king
of the Vandals, v. 131. Is surrender-
ed to Belisarius, 134.
Sarmatians, memorable defeat of, by
the emperor Carus, i. 381. Their man-
ners described, ii. 302. Brief history
of, 304. They apply to Constantine
the Great for assistance against the
Goths, 305. Are expelled their country
by the Limigantes, 307. Are restored
by Constantius, 360.

Savage manners, a brief view of, i. 248.

Are more uniform than those of civi-
lized nations, iii. 314.

Sarus, the Goth, plunders the camp of
Stilicho, and drives him into the hands
of the emperor at Ravenna, iv. 75.
Insults Alaric, and occasions the sack-
ing of Rome, 122. Is killed by Adol-
phus king of the Visigoths, 149.
Saturninus, one of the competitors for
empire against Gallienus, his observa-
tion on his investiture, i. 312.
Saturninus, lieutenant under the emperor
Probus, in the East, is driven into re-
bellion by his troops, i. 376.
Saxons, ancient, an account of, iii. 276.
Their piratical confederations, 277.

X x

Their invasions of Gaul checked by
the Romans, 278. How converted to
Christianity, iv. 394. Descent of the
Saxons on Britain, 468. Their brutal
desolation of the country, 477.
Scanderbeg, prince of Albania, his history,
viii. 111.

Scatinian law of the Romans, account of,
v. 371.

Scaurus, the patrician family of, how re-
duced under the emperors, ii. 246.

note.

Schism in religion, the origin of, traced,
ii. 70.

Science reducible to four classes, vi.
439.

Sclavonians, their national character, v.
199. Their barbarous inroads on the
Eastern empire, 201. Of Dalmatia,
account of, vii. 70.

Scots and Picts, the nations of, how dis-
tinguished, iii. 279. 280. Invasions of
Britain by, 282.

Scythians, this name vaguely applied to
mixed tribes of Barbarians, i. 300.
Their pastoral manners, iii. 314. Ex-
tent and boundaries of Scythia, 324.
Revolutions of, iv. 53. Their mode of
war, 250.

Sebastian, master-general of the infantry
under the emperor Valens, his success-
ful expedition against the Goths, iii.
359. Is killed in the battle of Hadria-
nople, 363.

Sebastian, the brother of the usurper Jo-

vinus, is associated with him in his
assumed Imperial dignities, iv. 149.
Sebastocrator, import of that title in the
Greek empire, vii. 18.

Seez, in Normandy, the bishop and chap-
ter of, all castrated, viii. 174. note.
Segestan, the princes of, support their in-
dependency obstinately against Arta-
xerxes, i. 229. note.

Segued, emperor of Abyssinia, is with
his whole court converted by the Jesuits,
vi. 76.

Selden, his sententious character of tran-
substantiation, vi. 151. note.
Seleucia, the great city of, ruined by the
Romans, i. 231.

Seleucus Nicator, number of cities found-
ed by him, i. 229. note.
Seljuk, Turkish dynasty of the house of,
vii. 165. Division of their empire,

181.

Serjeant, legal and military import of
that term, vii. 328. note.
Severus Septimius, general of the Panno-

nian legions, assumes the purple on the
death of Pertinax, i. 126. His conduct
toward the Christians, ii. 183.
Senate of Rome is reformed by Augustus,
i. 68. Its legislative and judicial pow-
ers, 77.

Abortive attempt of, to re-
sume its rights after the murder of
Caligula, 81. Its legal jurisdiction
over the emperors, 111. Is subjected
to military despotism, by Severus, 140.
Women excluded from this assembly
by a solemn law, 168. The form of a
secret meeting, 199. Measures taken
to support the authority of the two
Gordians, 200. The senate elect Maxi-
mus and Balbinus emperors on the
deaths of the Gordians, 201. They
drive the Alemanni out of Italy, 291.
The senators forbid to exercise military
employments by Gallienus, ibid. Elect
Tacitus, the father of the senate, em-
peror, 360. Prerogatives gained to the
senate, by this election, 361. Their
power and authority annihilated by
Diocletian, 427.

Amount of the coronary gold, or
customary free gift of, to the emperors
ii. 285. The claim of Julian to the
empire admitted, iii. 97.

—, Petitions of, to the emperors, for
the restoration of the altar of victory,
iii. 453. The Pagan religion renounced,
455. Debates of, on the proposals of
Alaric the Goth, iv. 71. Genealogy of
the senators, 86. Passes a decree for
putting to death Serena the widow of
Stilicho, 109. Under the influence of
Alaric, elects Attalus emperor, 119.
Trial of Arvandus, a prætorian præfect
of Gaul,350. Surrenders the sovereign
power of Italy to the emperor of the
East, 363.

-

Extinction of that illustrious assem-
bly, v. 278.

Restoration of, in the twelfth cen-
tury, viii. 182. The assembly resolved
into single magistrates, 187.
Serapion, his lamentation for the loss of
a personified deity, vi. 8.
Serapis, history of his worship, and of
his temple at Alexandria, iii. 461.
The temple destroyed, 463.
Serena, niece of the emperor Theodosius,
married to his general Stilicho, iv. 12.
Is cruelly strangled by order of the
Roman senate, iv. 109.
Severinus, St. encourages Odoacer to as-

sume the dominion of Italy, iv. 362.
His body how disposed of, 366. note.

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