Herodes Atticus, his extraordinary fortune
and munificence, i. 51.
Herodotus, his character of the Persian
Heruli, of Germany and Poland, their character, v. 16.
Hilarion, the monk of Palestine, account of, iv. 375.
Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, his remarkable observations on the diversity of Chris- tian doctrines, iii. 24. His exposition of the term Homoiousion, 26. Hilary, pope, censures the emperor An- themius for his tolerating principles, iv. 341.
Hilderic the Vandal king of Africa, his indulgence to his Catholic subjects dis- pleases both the Arians and Athana- sians, v. 113. Is deposed by Gelimer, ibid. Is put to death, 127.
Hindoos of the East, not the disciples of Zoroaster, vi. 401. note.
Hindostan, conquest of, by Tamerlane, viii. 9.
Hippo Regius, siege of, by Genseric king of the Vandals, iv. 221. History, the principal subjects of, i. 266. Holy war, the justice of it enquired into,
vii. 199. Homicide, how commuted by the Salic laws, iv. 445.
Homoousion, origin, and use of that term at the council of Nice, iii. 21. And Homoiousion, the distinction between,
Honian, war of, vi. 280.
Honoratus, archbishop of Milan, is, with his clergy, driven from his see, by the Lombards, v. 390. Honoria, princess, sister of the emperor Valentinian III. her history, iv. 277. Honorius, son of Theodosius the Great, is declared emperor of the West, by his dying father, iii. 446. Marries Maria, the daughter of Stilicho, iv. 26. His character, 27. Flies from Milan on the invasion of Italy by Alaric, 41. His triumphant entry into Rome, 48. Abo- lishes the combats of gladiators, 49. Fixes his residence at Ravenna, 51. Orders the death of Stilicho, 75. His impolitic measures and cruelty unite his Barbarian soldiers against him un- der Alaric, 82. His councils distracted by the eunuchs, 116. His abject over- tures to Attalus and Alaric, 120. His last acts, and death, 144. His triumph for the reduction of Spain by Wallia the Goth, 156. Is suspected of incest
with his sister Placidia, 208. His per- secution of the Donatists in Africa, 217.
Honour, the new ranks of, introduced int the city of Constantinople, ii. 242. vii. 18.
Hormisdas, a fugitive Persian prince, in the court of the emperor Constantius, his remarks on the city of Rome, ii. 355. note. His history, and station un- der Julian, iii. 189.
Hormouz, the son of Chosroes, king of Persia, his accession, v. 424. His cha- racter, 425. Is deposed, and at length killed, 430, 431.
Horses of Arabia, their peculiar qualities, vi. 224.
Hosein the son of Ali, his tragical death,
Hospitallers, knights, of St. John of Jeru- salem, popularity and character of the order of, vii. 250.
Hostilianus, the minor son of the emperor
Decius, elected emperor, under the guardianship of Gallus, i. 282. Hugh, king of Burgundy, his marriage with Marozia, and expulsion from Rome by Alberic, vi. 209.
Hugh, count of Vermandois, engages in the first crusade, vii. 212. Is ship- wrecked and made captive by the Greek emperor Alexius Comnenus, 220. His return, 238.
Human nature, its natural propensities,
Hume, Mr. his natural history of religion, the best commentary on the polytheism of the ancients, i. 33. note. His difficul- ty as to the extent of the Imperial pa- lace at Rome, resolved, 147. note. Charges the most refined and philoso- phic sects with intolerancy, 228. note. Hungary, establishment of the Huns in, iv. 232. State of, under the emperor Charlemagne, vi. 198. Terror excited by their first approach to Europe, vii. 73. Their character, 76. Huniades, John, his exploits against the Turks, viii. 103. His defence of Bel- grade, and death, 110.
Hunneric, the son of Genseric, king of the Vandals, persecutes his Catholic sub- jects, iv. 399. His cruelty to the Ca- tholics of Tipasa, 409.
Huns, their original seat, and their con- quests, iii. 326. Their decline, 330. Their emigrations, 332. Their victo- ries over the Goths, 337.
They drive other barbarous tribes
before them, upon the Roman pro- vinces, iv. 54. Their establishment in Hungary, 232. Character of their king Attila, 234. Their invasion of Persia, 239. The empire of, extinguished by the death of Attila, 299. Hunting of wild beasts, when a virtue, and when a vice, i. 105. Is the school of war, iii. 319.
Hypatia, the female philosopher, mur- dered in the church at Alexandria, vi. 15.
Hypatius, sedition of, at Constantinople, v. 61.
Jacobites of the East, history of the sect of, vi. 60.
James, St. his legendary exploits in Spain, ii. 129.
Fanizaries, first institution of those troops, vii. 479.
Iberian and Caspian gates of mount Cau- casus, distinguished, v. 101. The Ibe- rian gates occupied by Cabades king of Persia, 102.
Idatius, his account of the misfortunes of Spain by an irruption of the barbarous nations, iv. 151.
Idolatry ascribed to the agency of dæ- mons, by the primitive Christians, ii. 73. Derivation of the term and its successive applications, iii. 76. note. Ferom, his extravagant representation of the devastation of Pannonia by the Goths, iii. 367. His influence over the widow Paula, iv. 377. Ferusalem, its situation, destruction, and profanation, iii. 145. Pilgrimages to, and curious relics preserved there, 146. Abortive attempts of the emperor Ju- lian to rebuild the temple, 148.
A magnificent church erected there to the Virgin Mary by Justinian, v. 88. The vessels of the temple brought from Africa to Constantino- ple by Belisarius, 140. Is conquered by Chosroes II. king of Persia, 455. Insurrection of the monks there, vi. 34.
The city conquered by the Sara- cens, vi. 347. Great resort of pilgrims to, vii. 185. Conquests of, by the Turks, 190.
Is taken from the Turks by the Egyptians, vii. 241. Is taken by the crusaders, 244. Is erected into a king- dom under Godfrey of Bouillon, 247.
Succession of its Christian princes, 277. Is pillaged by the Carizmians, 293. Jerusalem, New, described according to the ideas of the primitive Christians, ii. 83.
Jesuits, Portuguese, persecute the Eas- tern Christians, vi. 59. Their labours
in, and expulsion from Abyssinia, 76. Jews, an obscure, unsocial, obstinate race of men, ii. 59. Review of their history, 60. Their religion the basis of Christianity, 63. The promises of divine favour extended by Christiani- ty, to all mankind, ibid. The immor- tality of the soul not inculcated in the law of Moses, 80. Why there are no Hebrew gospels extant, 121. Provoked the persecutions of the Roman empe- rors, 140.
those of a more liberal spirit, a- dopted the theological system of Plato, iii. 8. Their condition under the em- perors Constantine and Constantius, 143. Abortive attempt of Julian to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem, 148.
Miraculous conversion of a number of, at Minorca, iii. 478. note. Persecu- tion of, in Spain, iv. 414.
, Are persecuted by the Catholics in Italy, v. 29. And by Cyril at Alexan- dria, vi. 15. How plagued by the em- peror Justinian, 42.*
Those in Arabia subdued by Ma- homet, vi 276. Assist the Saracens in the reduction of Spain, 391.
Massacres of, by the first crusa- ders, vii. 207, 208. Fezdegerd, king of Persia, is said to be left guardian to Theodosius the Younger, by the emperor Arcadius, iv. 192. His war with Theodosius, 203. Igilium, the small island of, serves as a
place of refuge for Romans who flew from the sack of Rome by Alaric, iv. 129.
Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, the Chris- tian fortitude displayed in his epistles, ji. 177.
Ikshidites, the Saracen dynasty of, vi.
Illustrious, the title of, how limited in the times of Roman simplicity, and how extended when Constantinople became the seat of empire, ii. 242. Illyricum described, i. 25. Images, inroduction of, into the Chris- tian church, vi. 151. The worship of, derived from Paganism, 153. Are condemned by the council of Constan-
tinople, 160. The adoration of, justi fied by pope Gregory II. 165. And sanctified by the second council of Nice, 186.
Imperator, in the Roman history, ex- plained, i. 69. note. The Imperial pre- rogatives, 74. The court, 77. The sense of this appellation altered by long use, 429.
Incarnation, theological history of the doctrine of, vi. 2
Incest, natural and arbitrary, distinguish- ed, v. 347.
India, account of the Christians of St. Thomas in, vi. 58. Persecution of, by the Portuguese, 59.
Indictions, the memorable æra of, whence dated, ii. 31. note. The name and use of, in the middle ages, whence derived, 276. Indulgences, in the Romish church, the nature of, explained, vii. 202. Ingundis, princess of Austrasia, is married to Hermenegild prince of Botica, and cruelly treated by his mother Goisvin. tha, iv. 411. Inheritance, paternal, subject to parental discretion among the Romans, i. 183. The Roman law of, v. 352. Testa- mentary dispositions of property, 355. The Voconian law, how evaded, 357.
Injuries, review of the Roman laws for
the redress of, v. 362.
Innocent III. pope, enjoyed the plenitude of papal power, vii. 289. Inquisition, the first erection of that tri- bunal, vii. 289.
Institutes of Justinian, an analysis of, v. 334.
Interest of money, how regula ed by the Roman laws, v. 361. Joan, pope, the story of, fictitious, vi. 207. note.
John, principal secretary to the emperor Honorius, usurps the empire after his death, iv 209.
John the almsgiver, archbishop of Alex- andria, relieves the Jewish refugees when Jerusalem was taken by the Persians, v. 455. His extraordinary liberality of the church treasure, vi. 69.
John, bishop of Antioch, arrives at Ephesus after the meeting of the coun- cil, and, with his bishops, decides against Cyril, vi. 21. Coalition between him and Cyril, 22.
John of Apri, patriarch of Constantino-
ple, his pride, and confederacy against John Cantacuzene, vii. 433. John of Brienne, emperor of Constanti- nople, vii. 368.
John of Cappadocia, prætorian præfect of the East under the emperor Justi- nian, his character, v. 79. Is disgraced by the empress Theodora, and becomes a bishop, 80. Opposes the African war, 114. His fraud in supplying the army with bread, 122.
John Comnenus, emperor of Constanti- nople, vi. 133.
John Damacenus, St. his history, vi. 162.
John the Sanguinary seizes the Gothic treasures in Picenum, and obliges Vi- tiges to raise the siege of Rome, v. 175.
John Zimisces, murders the Greek em- peror Nicephorus, and succeeds him, vi. 119. His Eastern victories, 465. Defeats Swatoslaus, czar of Russia, vii. 94.
Jona, one of the Hebride islands, its an- cient monastic eminence, iv. 376. Jonas, renegado of Damascus, story of, vi. 338.
Jordan, character of his work, De Ori- ginibus Sclavicis, vii. 69. note. Joseph the Carizmian, governor of Ber- zem, kills the sultan Alp Arslan, vii. 176.
Josephus, the mention of Jesus Christ in his history, a forgery, ii. 156. note. His opinion, that Plato derived knowledge from the Jews, controverted, iii. 7.
Jovian is elected emperor by the troops of Julian, on their retreat from Assy- ria, iii. 217. His treaty with Sapor king of Persia, 222. His death, 238. Jovians and Herculians, new bodies of guards instituted to supersede the Præ- torian bands, i. 428.
Jovinian of Verona, his punishment by a Roman synod, for heresy, iv. 40. Jovinus reduces the Alemanni, who had invaded Gaul, iii. 271.
Account of his revolt against the emperor Honorius in Germany, iv. 148.
Jovius, prætorian præfect under the em-
peror Honorius succeeds Olympius as his confidential minister, iv. 115. His negotiations with Alaric obstructed, 116. Deserts Honorius, and goes over to Alaric, and the new emperor Atta- lus, 121.
Irene, her marriage with the Greek em- peror Leo, vi. 97. Her ambition, and barbarity to her son Constantine, 98. Restores images to public devotion, 186.
Ireland was first colonised from Scotland, iii. 281. Derivation of the name of its tutelar saint, Patrick, iv. 364. note. Isaac 1. Comnenus, emperor of Constan- tinople, vi. 125.
Isaac II. Angelus emperor of Constanti- nople, vi. 148. Hs character and reign, vii. 308. Is deposed by his bro- ther Alexius. 311. Is restored by the crusaders 332. His death, 337. Isaac, archbishop of Armenia his apolo- gy for the vices of king Artasires, iv. 206.
Isauria, the rebellion there against the emperor Gallienus, i. 316.
Isaurians, reduction of, by the Eastern emperors, v. 93.
Isidore, cardinal, his ill treatment in Russia, viii. 97. Receives an act of union from the Greek clergy at Con- stantinople, 135. Isocrates, his price for the tuition of his pupils, v. 105.
Italy, the dominion of, under Odoacer,
succeeds the extinction of the Western empire, iv. 361. Its miserable state at this æra, 368. Conversion of the Lom- bards of, to the Nicene faith, 414.
-, Is reduced by Theodoric the Ostro- goth, v. 11. His administration, 13. Government of, according to the Ro- man law, by Theodoric, 19. Its flour- ishing state at this time, 24. How supplied with silk from China, 65. History of Amalasontha, queen of Italy, 144. Invasion of, by Belisarius, 156. Siege of Rome by the Goths, 161. Invasion of Italy, by the Franks, 179. Revolt of the Goths, 252. Expedition
of the eunuch Narses, 271. Invasion cf, by the Franks and Alemanni, 280. Government of, under the exarchs of Ravenna, 284. Conquests of Alboin king of the Lombards in, 389., Dis- tress of, 400. How divided between the Lombards, and the exarchs of Ravenna 402.
Growth of the papal power in, vi. 163. Revolt of, against the Greek em- perors, 167. The exarchate of Raven- na granted to the pope, 180. Extent of the dominions of Charlemagne there, 197. The power of the German Cæsars destroyed by the rise of the commercial cities there, 212. Factions of the Guelphs and Ghibelins, 214.. Conflict of the Saracens, Latins, and Greeks in vi. 101.
- Revival of Greek learning in, viii.
78. Authors consulted for the history of, 258. note.
Jubilee, popish, a revival of the secular games i. 216. note. viii. 203. The re- turn of, accelerated, 205.
Jude St. examination of his grandsons before the tribunal of the procurator of Judæa, ii. 160.
Judgments of God, in the Salic laws, how derermined, iv. 447. Julgments popular, of the Romans, dis- played v. 373.
Julia Domna, wife of the emperor Se- verus, her character, i. 142. Her death, 158.
Julian, the nephew of Constantine the
Great, his education, ii. 339. His dan- gerous situation on the death of his brother Gallus, 346. Is sent to Athens, where he cultivates philosophy, 348. Is recalled by Constantius, 349. Is in- vested with the title of Cæsar, 351. Is appointed to the government of Gaul, 370. His first campaign, 372. Battle of Strasburg, 375. Reduces the Franks at Toxandria, 377. His three expedi- tions beyond the Rhine 379. Restores the cities of Gaul, 381. His civil admi- nistration, 382. His account of the theological calamities of the empire under Constantius, iii. 67. Constantius grows jealous of him, 78. The Gaul- ish legions are ordered into the East, 79. Is saluted emperor by the troops, 82. His embassy and epistle to Con- stantius, 86. His fourth and fifth ex- peditions beyond the Rhine, 88. De- clares war against Constantius, and
abjures the Christian religion, 92. His march from the Rhine into Illyricum, 93. Enters Sermium, 96. Publishes apologies for his conduct, 97. His tri- umphant entry into Constantinople on the death of Constantius, 101. His private life and civil government, 102. His reformation in the Imperial palace, 105. Becomes a sloven to avoid foppe- ry, 108. Erects a tribunal for the trial of the evil ministers of Constantius, ib. Dismisses the spies and informers em- ployed by his predecessor, 111. His love of freedom and the republic, 112. His kindnesses to the Grecian cities, 114. His abilities as an orator, 115. And as a judge, 116. His character, 117. His apostacy accounted for, 120. Adopts the Pagan mythology, 123. His theological system, 126. His ini- tiation into the Eleusinian mysteries, and his fa aticism, 128. His hypocri- tical duplicity, 130. Writes a vindica- tion of his apostacy, 152 His edict for a general toleration, 133. His Pa- gan superstitious zeal, 135. His circu- lar letters for the reformation of the Pagan religion, 137. His industry in gaining proselytes, 141. His address to the Jews, 143. History of his attempt to rebuild the temple at Jerusalem, 148. Transfers the revenues of the Christian church to the heathen priests, 152. Prohibits Christian schools, 153. Obliges the Christians to reinstate the Pagan temples, 156. Restores the sa- cred grove and temple of Daphne, 160. Punishes the Christians of Antioch for burning that temple, 162. His treatment of the cities of Edessa and Alexandria, 166. Banishes Athanasi- us, 168. The philosophical fable of his Cesars, delineated, 173. Meditates the conquest of Persia, 174. Popular di.. contents during his residence at Anti- och, 178. Occasion of writing his Mi- His march to the Eu- sopogon, 180 phrates, 183. He enters the Persian territories, 188. Invades Assyria, 194. His personal conduct in this enterprise, 197. His address to his discontented troops, 199. His successful passage over the Tigris, 202. Burns his flect, 207. His retreat and distress, 211. His death, 215. His funeral, 232. Julian, count, offers to betray Spain into the hands of the Arabs, vi. 385. His advice to the victorious Turks, 390. Julian, the papal legale, exhorts Ladis-
Jurisprudence, Roman, a review of, v. 302. Was polished by Grecian phi- losophy, 319. Abuses of, 377. Justin the Elder, his military promotion, v. 39. His elevation to the empire, and character, 40. His death, 44. Justin II. emperor, succeeds his uncle Justinian, v. 380. His firm behaviour to the ambassadors of the Avars, 381. His abdication, and investiture of Tibe- rius, as his successor, 395. Justin Martyr, his decision in the case of the Ebionites, ii. 67. His extravagant account of the progress of Christiany, 129. Occasios of his own conversion, 132.
Justina, the popular story of her marri- age with the emperor Valentinian ex- amined, iii. 309. Her infant son Va- len inian II. invested with the Impe- rial ensigns, on the death of his father, 311. Her contest with Ambrose arch- bishop of Milan, 413. Flies from the invasion of Maximus, with her son, 4.20.
Justinian, emperor of the East, his birth and promotion, v. 39. His orthodoxy, 42. Is invested with the diadem by his uncle Justin, 43. Marries Theodo- ra, 49. Patronises the blue faction of the circus, 57. State of agriculture and manufacture in his provinces, 63. In- troduces the culture of the silk-worm, and manufacture of silk, into Greece, 70. State of his revenue, 72. His ava- rice and profusion, 73. Taxes and monopolies, 75, 76. His ministers, 78. His public buildings, 81. Founds the church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, 84. His other public works, 88. His European fortifications, 90. His Asia- tic fortifications, 96. He suppreses the schools of Athens, 103. And the con- sular dignity, 109. Purchases a peace from the P'ersians, 112. 220. Under- takes to restore Hilderic king of Car- thage, 114. Reduction of Africa, 134. His instructions for the government of, 135. His acquisitions in Spain, 146. His deceitful negotiations in Italy, 151. Weakness of his empire, 194. Receives an embassy from the Avars, 208.
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