Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard, his character and military exploits, vii. 135. 214. His route to Constantino- ple on the crusade, 219. His flatter- ing reception by the emperor Alexius Comnenus, 223. Takes Antioch and obtains the principality of it, 235. His subsequent transactions and death, 257.
Boniface, St. his history, ii. 209. Boniface, count, the Roman general un- der Valentinian III. his character, iv. 212. Is betrayed into a revolt by Etius, 213. His repentance, 219. Is besieged in Hippo Regius by Genseric king of the Vandals, 221. Returns to Italy, and is killed by Ætius, 224. Boniface VIII. pope, his violent contest with Philip the Fair, king of France, and his character, viii. 200. Institutes the Jubilee, 203.
Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, is cho- sen general of the fourth crusade to the Holy Land, vii. 319. Is made king of Macedonia, 355. Is killed by the Bulgarians, 362. Bosphorus, revolutions of that kingdom, i. 293. Is seized by the Goths, 294. The strait of, described, ii. 221. Bosra, siege of, by the Saracens, vi. 329. Botheric, the Imperial general in Thessa- lonica, murdered in a sedition, iii. 432.
Boucicault, marshal, defends Constanti- nople against Bajazet, vii. 487. Boulogne, the port of, recovered from Carausius, by Constantius Chlorus, i. 404.
Bowides, the Persian dynasty of, vi. 462. Brancaleone, senator of Rome, his cha- racter, viii. 188.
Bretagne, the province of, in France, set- tled by Britons. iv. 475. Britain, reflections on the conquest of, by the Romans,i. 4. Description of, 23. Colonies planted in, 41. note. ny of Vandals settled there by Probus, i. 374. Revolt of Carausius, 402.
How first peopled, iii. 279. Inva- sions of, by the Scots and Picts, 282. Is restored to peace by Theodosius, 284.
—, Revolt of Maximus there, iii. 390. Revolt of the troops there against Ho. norius, iv. 65. Is abandoned by the Romans, 159. State of, until the ar- rival of the Saxons, 160. Descent of the Saxons on, iv. 381. Establish- ment of the Saxon heptarchy, 470. Wars in, 473. Saxon devastation of the country, 477. Manners of the in-
dependent Britons, 480. Description of, by Procopius, 483. Britain, conversion of the Britons by a mission from pope Gregory the Great, v. 417. The doctrine of the incarna- tion received there, vi. 50. Brutus the Trojan, his colonization of Britain, now given up by intelligent historians, ii. 279. note.
Buffon, M. his extraordinary burning- mirrors, v. 82. note.
Bulgarians, their character, v. 199, 200. Their inroads on the Eastern empire, 201. Invasion of, under Zabergan, 286. Repulsed by Belisarius, 288.
The kingdom of, destroyed by Basil II. the Greek emperor, vi. 121. vii. 72.
Revolt of, from the Greek empire, and submission to the pope of Rome, vii. 310. War with the Greeks un- der Calo-John, 358.
Bull-feast, in the Coliseum at Rome, de- scribed, viii. 276.
Burgundians, their settlement on the Elbe, and maxims of government, iii. 274. Their settlement in Gaul, iv. 156. Li- mits of the kingdom of, under Gun- dobald, 429. Are subdued by the Franks, 433.
Burnet, character of his Sacred Theory of the Earth, ii. 85. note. Burrampooter, source of that river, viii. 10. note.
Busir, inEgypt, four several places known under this name, vi. 428. note. Buzurg, the philosophical preceptor of Hormouz king of Persia, his high re- putation, v. 425. note.
Byzantine historians, list and character of, viii. 167. note.
Byzantium, siege of, by the emperor Se- verus, i. 134. Is taken by Maximin, ii. 38. Siege of, by Constantine the Great, 53. Its situation described, 220. By whom founded, 221. note. See Constantinople.
Caaba, or temple of Mecca, described, vi.
238. The idols in, destroyed by Ma- homet, 280.
Cabades, king of Persia, besieges and takes Amida, v. 100. Seizes the straits of Caucasus, 102. Vicissitudes of his reign, 213. Cadesia, batile of, between the Saracens and the Persians, vi. 317. Cadijah, her marriage with Mahomet, vi. 244. Is converted by him to his new religion, 263. Her death, 266.
Mahomet's veneration for her memo- ry, 293.
Cecilian, the peace of the church in Afri- ca disturbed by him and his party, iii. 3. Cæcilius, the authority of his account of the famous vision of Constantine the Great, inquired into, ii. 403. Calestian, senator of Carthage, his dis- tress on the taking of that city by Gen- seric, iv. 227. Cesar, Julius, his inducement to the conquest of Britain, i. 4. Degrades the senatorial dignity, 68. note. sumes a place among the tutelar deities of Rome, in his lifetime, 78. His ad- dress in appeasing a military sedition, His prudent application of the coronary gold presented to him, ii. 285.
Casar and Augustus, those titles explained and discriminated, i. 79. Cesars of the emperor Julian, the philo- sophical fable of that work delineated, iii. 173.
Cesarea, capital of Cappadocia, taken by Sapor king of Persia, i. 305. Is re- duced by the Saracens, vi. 353. Cahina, queen of the Moors of Africa, her policy to drive the Arabs out of the country, vi. 383.
Cairoan, the city of, founded in the king- dom of Tunis, vi. 380.
Caled, deserts from the idolatrous Arabs to the party of Mahomet, vi. 279. His gallant conduct at the battle of Muta, 283. His victories under the caliph Abubeker, 316. Attends the Saracen army on the Syrian expedition, 329. His valour at the siege of Damascus, 331. Distinguishes himself at the battle of Aiznadin, 334. His cruel treatment of the refugees from Da- mascus, 340. Joins in plundering the fair of Abyla, 342. Commands the Saracens at the battle of Yermuk, 346. His death, 355.
Caledonia, and its ancient inhabitants, de- scribed, iii. 280. Caledonian war, under the emperor Seve- rus, an account of, i. 144. Caliphs of the Saracens, character of, vi. 312. Their rapid conquests, 314. Ex- tent and power of, 407. Triple divi- sion of the office, 430. They patronise learning,434. Decline and fall of their empire, 458. vii. 460.
Callinicum, the punishment of a religious sedition in that city, opposed by St. Ambrose, iii. 433.
Callinicus of Heliopolis, assists in defend- ing Constantinople against the Sara-
cens, by his chymical inflammable compositions, vi. 417.
Calmucks, black, recent emigration of, from the confines of Russia to those in China, iii. 334.
Calo-John, the Bulgarian chief, his war with Baldwin, the Latin emperor of the Greeks, vii. 358. Defeats, and takes him prisoner, 360. His savage character and death, 363.
Calocerus, a camel-driver, excites an in- surrection in the island of Cyprus, ii. 302. Calphurnius, the machinery of his eclogue on the accession of the emperor Carus, i. 381.
Calvin, the reformer, his doctrine of the
Eucharist, vii. 64. Examination of his conduct to Servetus, 65. Camel, of Arabia, described, vi. 225. Camisards of Languedoc, their enthusi- asm compared with that of the Cir- cumcellions of Numidia, iii. 70. Campania, the province of, desolated by the ill policy of the Roman emperors, ii. 280. Description of the Lucullan villa in, iv. 365.
Canada, the present climate and circum- stances of, compared with those of an- cient Germany, i. 242.
Cannon, enormous one of the sultan Ma- homet II. described, viii. 130. Bursts, 138.
Canoes, Russian, a description of, vii. 90. Cantacuzene, John, character of his Greek
History, vii. 425. His good fortune under the younger Andronicus, 432. Is driven to assume the purple, 435. His lively distinction between foreign and civil war, 436. His entry into Constantinople, and reign, 438. Ab- dicates, and turns monk, 441. His war with the Genoese factory at Pera, 446. Marries his daughter to a Turk, viii. 46. His negociation with pope Clement VI. ibid.
Cantemir's History of the Ottoman Em- pire, a character of, vii. 471. note. Capelianus, governor of Mauritania, de- feats the younger Gordian, and takes Carthage, i. 201.
Capitation tax, under the Roman empe- rors, an account of, ii. 281. Capito, Ateius, the civilian, his character, v. 322.
Capitol of Rome, burning and restoration of it, ii. 159.
Cappadocia, famous for its fine breed of horses, ii. 271.
Capraria, isle of, character of the monks there, iv. 23.
Captives, how treated by the Barbarians, iv. 245. 454. Caracalla, son of the emperor Severus, his fixed antipathy to his brother Geta, i. 143. Succeeds to the empire joint- ly with him, 147. Tendency of his edict to extend the privileges of Ro- man citizens, to all the free inhabitants of his empire, 177. His view in this transaction, 185. Doubles the tax on legacies and inheritances, ibid. Caracorum, the Tartar settlement of, de- scribed, vii. 465.
Caravans, Sogdian, their route to, and from China, for silk, to supply the Ro- man empire, v. 68.
Carausius, his revolt in Britain, i. 402. Is acknowledged by Diocletian and his colleagues, 404.
Carbeas, the Paulician, his revolt from the Greek emperor to the Saracens, vii. 57.
Cardinals, the election of a pope vested in them, viii. 197. Institution of the conclave, 198.
Carduene, situation and history of that territory, i. 423.
Carinus, the son of Carus, succeeds his father in the empire jointly with his brother Numerian, i. 384.
Carizmians, their invasion of Syria, vii. 293.
Carlovingian race of kings, commence-
ment of, in France, vi. 177. Carmath, the Arabian reformer, his cha- racter, vi. 456. His military exploits,
Carmelites, from whom they derive their pedigree, iv. 372. note.
Capathian mountains, their situation, i.
Carthage, the bishopric of, bought for Majorinus, ii. 189. note.
Religious discord generated there by the factions of Cæcilian and Dona- tus, iii. 4.
The temple of Venus there, con- verted into a Christian church, iii. 461. Is surprised by Genseric king of the Vandals, iv. 225.
The gates of, opened to Belisarius, v. 127. Natural alterations produced by time in the situation of this city, 129. note. The walls of, repaired by Be- lisarius, 130. Insurrection of the Ro- man troops there 249.
Carthage is reduced and pillaged by Has-
san the Saracen, vi. 381. Subsequent history of, 332.
Carthagena, an extraordinary rich silver mine worked there for the Romans, i. 179.
Carus, emperor, his election and charac- ter, i. 380
Caspian and Iberian gates of mount Cau- casus, distinguished, v. 101. Cassians, the party of, among the Ro- man civilians, explained, v. 323. Cassiodorius, his Gothic history, i. 269. His account of the infant state of the republic of Venice, iv. 294. His long and prosperous life, v. 21. Castriot, George; see Scanderbeg. Catalans, their service and war in the Greek empire, vii. 415.
Catholic church, the doctrines of, how discriminated from the opinions of the Platonic school, iii. 13. The authority of, extended to the minds of mankind, 15. Faith of the Western or Latin Church, 27. Is distracted by factions in the cause of Athanasius, 40. The doxology, how introduced, and how perverted, 60. The revenue of, trans- ferred to the heathen priests, by Julian, iii. 152.
Edict of Theodosius for the estab- lishment of the Catholic faith, iii. 395. The progressive steps of idolatry in, 472. Persecution of the Catholics in Africa, iv. 399. Pious frauds of the Catholic clergy, 406.
-, How bewildered by the doctrine of the incarnation, vi. 11. Union of the Greek and Latin churches, 50. - Schism of the Greek church, vii. 300.
Celestine, pope, espouses the party of Cy- ril against Nestorius, and pronounces the degradation of the latter from his episcopal dignity, vi. 19.
Celtic language, driven to the mountains by the Latin, i. 43. note. Censor, the office of, revived under the emperor Decius, i. 278. But without effect, 280.
Ceos, the manufacture of silk first intro- duced to Europe from that island, v.
Cerca, the principai queen of Attila king of the Huns, her reception of Maxi- min the Roman ambassador, iv. 257. Cerinthus, his opinion of the twofold na- ture of Jesus Christ, vi. 8. Ceylon, ancient names given to that island,
and the imperfect knowledge of, by the Romans, iii. 175. note. Chalcedon, the injudicious situation of this city stigmatised by proverbial con- tempt, ii. 223. A tribunal erected there by the emperor Julian, to try and punish the evil ministers of his predecessor Constantius, iii. 108.
Chalcedon, a stately church built there by Rufinus, the infamous minister of the emperor Theodosius, iv. 6.
- Is taken by Chosroes II. king of Persia, v. 455. Chalcondyles, the Greek historian, his re- marks on the several nations of Eu- rope, viii. 54.
Chalons, battle of, between the Romans and Attila king of the Huns, iv. 286. Chamavia reduced and generously trea- ted by Julian, ii. 378.
Chancellor, the original and modern ap- plication of this word compared, i. 386.
Characters, national, the distinctions of, how formed, iii. 314.
Chariots of the Romans described, iv. 94.
Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of Lombardy, vi. 176. His reception at Rome, 179. Eludes fulfilling the pro- mises of Pepin and himself to the Ro- man pontiff, 182. His coronation at Rome by the pope Leo III. 190. His reign and character, 192. Extent of his empire, 196 His neighbours and enemies, 199. His successors, 201. His negotiations and treaty with the Eastern empire, 203. State of his fa- mily and dominions in the tenth cen- tury, vii. 37.
Charles the Fat, emperor of the Romans,
Charles of Anjou subdues Naples and Si- cily, vii. 410. The Sicilian Vespers, 414. His character as a senator of Rome, viii. 189.
Charles IV. emperor of Germany, his weakness and poverty, vi. 217. His public ostentation, 219. Contrast be- tween him and Augustus, 220. Charles V.emperor, parallel between him and Diocletian, i. 435. And between the sack of Rome by him, and that by Alaric the Goth, iv. 131.
Chastity, its high esteem among the an- cient Germans, i. 255. And the primi- tive Christians, ii. 97.
Chemistry, the art of, from whom deri- ved, vi. 440.
Chersonesus, Thracian, how fortified by the emperor Justinian, v. 92. Chersonites assist Constantine the Great against the Goths, ii. 305. Are cru- elly persecuted by the Greek emperor Justinian II. vi. 90.
Chess, the object of the game of, by whom invented, v. 220.
Its situation, iii. 325. The high chronology claimed by the historians of, ibid. The great wall of, when erect- ed, 328. Was twice conquered by the northern tribes, 329.
The Romans supplied with silk by the caravans from, v. 67.
Is conquered by the Moguls, vii. 458. 466. Expulsion of the Moguls, 467.
Chivalry, origin of the order of, vii. 215. Chnodomar, prince of the Alemanni, ta- ken prisoner by Julian at the battle of Strasburg, i. 377.
Chosroes, king of Armenia, assassinated by the emissaries of Sapor king of Per- sia, i. 302.
Chosroes, son of Tiridates, king of Ar- menia, his character, ii. 315. Chosroes I. king of Persia, protects the last surviving philosophers of Athens, in his treaty with the emperor Justini- an, v. 109. Review of his history, 214. Sells a peace to Justinian, 220. His invasion of Syria, 222. His negotia- tions with Justinian, 241. His pros- perity, 243. Battle of Melitene, 423. His death, 424.
Chosroes II. king of Persia, is raised to the throne on the deposition of his fa- ther Hormouz, v. 430. Is reduced to implore the assistance of the emperor Maurice, 432. His restoration and po- ficy, 433. Conquers Syria, 454. Pa- lestine, 455. Egypt and Asia Minor, 456. His reign and magnificence, ib. Rejects the Mahometan religion, 458. Imposes an ignominious peace on the emperor Heraclius, 461. His flight, deposition, and death, 476.
Chozars, the hord of, sent by the Turks to the assistance of the emperor He- raclius, v. 472.
Christ, the festival of his birth, why fix- ed by the Romans at the winter solstice, iii. 91. note.
Christians, primitive, the various sects into which they branched out, ii. 65. As- cribed the Pagan idolatry to the agen- cy of dæmons, 73. Believed the end
of the world to be near at hand, 81. The miraculous powers ascribed to the primitive church, 87. Their faith stronger than in modern times, 91. Their superior virtue and austerity, 92. Repentance, a virtue in high esteem among them, ibid. Their notions of marriage and chastity, 97. They dis- claim war and government, 99. Were active however in the internal govern- ment of their own society, 100. Bishops 103. Synods, 105. Metropolitans and primates, 107. Bishop of Rome, 108. Their probable proportion to the Pa- gan subjects of the empire before the conversion of Constantine the Great, 130. Inquiry into their persecutions, 138. Why more odious to the govern- ing powers than the Jews, 142. Their religious meetings suspected, 147. Are persecuted by Nero, as the incendiaries of Rome, 154. Instructions of the em- peror Trajan to Pliny the Younger for the regulation of his conduct towards them, 164. Remained exposed to po- pular resentment on public festivities, 165. Legal mode of proceeding against them, 166. The ardour with which they courted martyrdom, 177. When allowed to erect places for public wor- ship, 184. Their persecution under Diocletian and his associates, 197. An edict of toleration for them published by Galerius just before his death, 210. Some considerations necessary to be at- tended to in reading the sufferings of the martyrs, 214. Edict of Milan pub- lished by Constantine the Great, 391. Political recommendations of the Chris- tian morality to Constantine,393. Theo- ry and practice of passive obedience, ibid. Their loyalty and zeal, 397. The sacrament of baptism, how administer- ed in early times, 411. Extraordinary propagation of Christianity after it ob- tained the Imperial sanction, 414. Be- comes the established religion of the Roman empire, 417. Spiritual and temporal powers distinguished, 418. Review of the episcopal order in the church, 419. The ecclesiastical reve- nue of each diocese, how divided, 426. Their legislative assemblies, 433. E- dict of Constantine the Great against heretics, iii. 1. Mysterious doctrine of the Trinity, 11. The doctrines of the Catholic church, how discriminated from the opinions of the Platonic school 13. General character of the Christian
sects, 70. Christian schools prohibited by the emperor Julian, 153. They are removed from all offices of trust, 155. Are obliged to reinstate the Pagan tem- ples, ibid. Their imprudent and irre- gular zeal against idolatry, 170. Christians, distinction of, into vulgar and ascetic, iv. 371. Conversion of the bar- barous nations, 391.
Christianity, inquiry into the progress and establishment of, ii. 57. Religion and character of the Jews, 58. The Jew- ish religion the basis of Christianity, 64. Is offered to all mankind, ibid. The sects into which the Christians di- vided, 65. The theology of, reduced to a systemat.cal form in the school of Alexandria, 125. Injudicious conduct of its early advocates, 134. Its perse- cutions, 138. First erection of church- es, 184.
"" The system of, found in Plato's doctrine of the Logos, iii. 9.
- Salutary effects resulting from the conversion of the barbarous nations, iv. 396.
Its progress in the north of Europe,
Chrysaphius the Eunuch, engages Edecon, to assassinate his king Attila, iv. 262. Is put to death by the empre:s Pulche- ria, 264. Assisted at the second coun- cil of Ephesus, vi. 27. Chrysocheir, general of the revolted Pau- licians, over-runs and pillages Asia Mi- nor, vii. 58. His death, ibid. Chrysoloras, Manuel, the Greek envoy, his character, vii. 83. His admiration of Rome and Constantinople, 94. Chrysopolis, battle of, between Constan- tine the Great and Licinius, ii. 54. Chrysostom, St. his account of the pom- pous luxury of the emperor Arcadius, iv. 166. Protects his fugitive patron the eunuch Eutropius, 179. History · of his promotion to the archiepiscopal see of Constantinople, 183. His char- acter and administration, 184, 185. His persecution, 188. His death, 192. His relics removed to Constantinople, ibid. His encomium on the monastic life, iv. 376. note.
Churches, Christian, the first erection of, ii. 184. Demolition of, under Diocle. tian, 203. Splendour of, under Con stantine the Great, ii. 425. Seven, of Asia, the fate of, vii. 473. Cibalis, battle of, between Constantine the Great and Licinius, ii. 43.
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