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Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard,
his character and military exploits, vii.
135. 214. His route to Constantino-
ple on the crusade, 219. His flatter-
ing reception by the emperor Alexius
Comnenus, 223. Takes Antioch and
obtains the principality of it, 235. His
subsequent transactions and death,
257.

Boniface, St. his history, ii. 209.
Boniface, count, the Roman general un-
der Valentinian III. his character, iv.
212. Is betrayed into a revolt by
Etius, 213. His repentance, 219. Is
besieged in Hippo Regius by Genseric
king of the Vandals, 221. Returns to
Italy, and is killed by Ætius, 224.
Boniface VIII. pope, his violent contest
with Philip the Fair, king of France,
and his character, viii. 200. Institutes
the Jubilee, 203.

Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, is cho-
sen general of the fourth crusade to
the Holy Land, vii. 319. Is made
king of Macedonia, 355. Is killed by
the Bulgarians, 362.
Bosphorus, revolutions of that kingdom,
i. 293. Is seized by the Goths, 294.
The strait of, described, ii. 221.
Bosra, siege of, by the Saracens, vi. 329.
Botheric, the Imperial general in Thessa-
lonica, murdered in a sedition, iii.
432.

Boucicault, marshal, defends Constanti-
nople against Bajazet, vii. 487.
Boulogne, the port of, recovered from
Carausius, by Constantius Chlorus, i.
404.

Bowides, the Persian dynasty of, vi. 462.
Brancaleone, senator of Rome, his cha-
racter, viii. 188.

Bretagne, the province of, in France, set-
tled by Britons. iv. 475.
Britain, reflections on the conquest of, by
the Romans,i. 4. Description of, 23.
Colonies planted in, 41. note.
ny of Vandals settled there by Probus,
i. 374. Revolt of Carausius, 402.

A colo-

How first peopled, iii. 279. Inva-
sions of, by the Scots and Picts, 282.
Is restored to peace by Theodosius,
284.

—, Revolt of Maximus there, iii. 390.
Revolt of the troops there against Ho.
norius, iv. 65. Is abandoned by the
Romans, 159. State of, until the ar-
rival of the Saxons, 160. Descent of
the Saxons on, iv. 381. Establish-
ment of the Saxon heptarchy, 470.
Wars in, 473. Saxon devastation of
the country,
477. Manners of the in-

dependent Britons, 480. Description
of, by Procopius, 483.
Britain, conversion of the Britons by a
mission from pope Gregory the Great,
v. 417. The doctrine of the incarna-
tion received there, vi. 50.
Brutus the Trojan, his colonization of
Britain, now given up by intelligent
historians, ii. 279. note.

Buffon, M. his extraordinary burning-
mirrors, v. 82. note.

Bulgarians, their character, v. 199, 200.
Their inroads on the Eastern empire,
201. Invasion of, under Zabergan,
286. Repulsed by Belisarius, 288.

The kingdom of, destroyed by Basil
II. the Greek emperor, vi. 121. vii. 72.

Revolt of, from the Greek empire,
and submission to the pope of Rome,
vii. 310. War with the Greeks un-
der Calo-John, 358.

Bull-feast, in the Coliseum at Rome, de-
scribed, viii. 276.

Burgundians, their settlement on the Elbe,
and maxims of government, iii. 274.
Their settlement in Gaul, iv. 156. Li-
mits of the kingdom of, under Gun-
dobald, 429. Are subdued by the
Franks, 433.

Burnet, character of his Sacred Theory of
the Earth, ii. 85. note.
Burrampooter, source of that river, viii.
10. note.

Busir, inEgypt, four several places known
under this name, vi. 428. note.
Buzurg, the philosophical preceptor of
Hormouz king of Persia, his high re-
putation, v. 425. note.

Byzantine historians, list and character
of, viii. 167. note.

Byzantium, siege of, by the emperor Se-
verus, i. 134. Is taken by Maximin,
ii. 38. Siege of, by Constantine the
Great, 53. Its situation described, 220.
By whom founded, 221. note. See
Constantinople.

C

Caaba, or temple of Mecca, described, vi.

238. The idols in, destroyed by Ma-
homet, 280.

Cabades, king of Persia, besieges and
takes Amida, v. 100. Seizes the
straits of Caucasus, 102. Vicissitudes
of his reign, 213.
Cadesia, batile of, between the Saracens
and the Persians, vi. 317.
Cadijah, her marriage with Mahomet,
vi. 244. Is converted by him to his
new religion, 263. Her death, 266.

Mahomet's veneration for her memo-
ry, 293.

Cecilian, the peace of the church in Afri-
ca disturbed by him and his party, iii. 3.
Cæcilius, the authority of his account of
the famous vision of Constantine the
Great, inquired into, ii. 403.
Calestian, senator of Carthage, his dis-
tress on the taking of that city by Gen-
seric, iv. 227.
Cesar, Julius, his inducement to the
conquest of Britain, i. 4. Degrades
the senatorial dignity, 68. note.
sumes a place among the tutelar deities
of Rome, in his lifetime, 78. His ad-
dress in appeasing a military sedition,
His prudent application of
the coronary gold presented to him, ii.
285.

175. note.

As-

Casar and Augustus, those titles explained
and discriminated, i. 79.
Cesars of the emperor Julian, the philo-
sophical fable of that work delineated,
iii. 173.

Cesarea, capital of Cappadocia, taken by
Sapor king of Persia, i. 305. Is re-
duced by the Saracens, vi. 353.
Cahina, queen of the Moors of Africa,
her policy to drive the Arabs out of the
country, vi. 383.

Cairoan, the city of, founded in the king-
dom of Tunis, vi. 380.

Caled, deserts from the idolatrous Arabs
to the party of Mahomet, vi. 279. His
gallant conduct at the battle of Muta,
283. His victories under the caliph
Abubeker, 316. Attends the Saracen
army on the Syrian expedition, 329.
His valour at the siege of Damascus,
331. Distinguishes himself at the
battle of Aiznadin, 334. His cruel
treatment of the refugees from Da-
mascus, 340. Joins in plundering the
fair of Abyla, 342. Commands the
Saracens at the battle of Yermuk, 346.
His death, 355.

Caledonia, and its ancient inhabitants, de-
scribed, iii. 280.
Caledonian war, under the emperor Seve-
rus, an account of, i. 144.
Caliphs of the Saracens, character of, vi.
312. Their rapid conquests, 314. Ex-
tent and power of, 407. Triple divi-
sion of the office, 430. They patronise
learning,434. Decline and fall of their
empire, 458. vii. 460.

Callinicum, the punishment of a religious
sedition in that city, opposed by St.
Ambrose, iii. 433.

Callinicus of Heliopolis, assists in defend-
ing Constantinople against the Sara-

cens, by his chymical inflammable
compositions, vi. 417.

Calmucks, black, recent emigration of,
from the confines of Russia to those
in China, iii. 334.

Calo-John, the Bulgarian chief, his war
with Baldwin, the Latin emperor of
the Greeks, vii. 358. Defeats, and
takes him prisoner, 360. His savage
character and death, 363.

Calocerus, a camel-driver, excites an in-
surrection in the island of Cyprus, ii.
302.
Calphurnius, the machinery of his eclogue
on the accession of the emperor Carus,
i. 381.

Calvin, the reformer, his doctrine of the

Eucharist, vii. 64. Examination of
his conduct to Servetus, 65.
Camel, of Arabia, described, vi. 225.
Camisards of Languedoc, their enthusi-
asm compared with that of the Cir-
cumcellions of Numidia, iii. 70.
Campania, the province of, desolated by
the ill policy of the Roman emperors,
ii. 280. Description of the Lucullan
villa in, iv. 365.

Canada, the present climate and circum-
stances of, compared with those of an-
cient Germany, i. 242.

Cannon, enormous one of the sultan Ma-
homet II. described, viii. 130. Bursts,
138.

Canoes, Russian, a description of, vii. 90.
Cantacuzene, John, character of his Greek

History, vii. 425. His good fortune
under the younger Andronicus, 432.
Is driven to assume the purple, 435.
His lively distinction between foreign
and civil war, 436. His entry into
Constantinople, and reign, 438. Ab-
dicates, and turns monk, 441. His
war with the Genoese factory at Pera,
446. Marries his daughter to a Turk,
viii. 46. His negociation with pope
Clement VI. ibid.

Cantemir's History of the Ottoman Em-
pire, a character of, vii. 471. note.
Capelianus, governor of Mauritania, de-
feats the younger Gordian, and takes
Carthage, i. 201.

Capitation tax, under the Roman empe-
rors, an account of, ii. 281.
Capito, Ateius, the civilian, his character,
v. 322.

Capitol of Rome, burning and restoration
of it, ii. 159.

Cappadocia, famous for its fine breed of
horses, ii. 271.

Capraria, isle of, character of the monks
there, iv. 23.

Captives, how treated by the Barbarians,
iv. 245. 454.
Caracalla, son of the emperor Severus,
his fixed antipathy to his brother Geta,
i. 143. Succeeds to the empire joint-
ly with him, 147. Tendency of his
edict to extend the privileges of Ro-
man citizens, to all the free inhabitants
of his empire, 177. His view in this
transaction, 185. Doubles the tax on
legacies and inheritances, ibid.
Caracorum, the Tartar settlement of, de-
scribed, vii. 465.

Caravans, Sogdian, their route to, and
from China, for silk, to supply the Ro-
man empire, v. 68.

Carausius, his revolt in Britain, i. 402.
Is acknowledged by Diocletian and
his colleagues, 404.

Carbeas, the Paulician, his revolt from
the Greek emperor to the Saracens,
vii. 57.

Cardinals, the election of a pope vested
in them, viii. 197. Institution of the
conclave, 198.

Carduene, situation and history of that
territory, i. 423.

Carinus, the son of Carus, succeeds his
father in the empire jointly with his
brother Numerian, i. 384.

Carizmians, their invasion of Syria, vii.
293.

Carlovingian race of kings, commence-

ment of, in France, vi. 177.
Carmath, the Arabian reformer, his cha-
racter, vi. 456. His military exploits,

457.

Carmelites, from whom they derive their
pedigree, iv. 372. note.

Capathian mountains, their situation, i.

240.

Carthage, the bishopric of, bought for
Majorinus, ii. 189. note.

Religious discord generated there
by the factions of Cæcilian and Dona-
tus, iii. 4.

The temple of Venus there, con-
verted into a Christian church, iii. 461.
Is surprised by Genseric king of the
Vandals, iv. 225.

The gates of, opened to Belisarius,
v. 127. Natural alterations produced
by time in the situation of this city, 129.
note. The walls of, repaired by Be-
lisarius, 130. Insurrection of the Ro-
man troops there 249.

Carthage is reduced and pillaged by Has-

san the Saracen, vi. 381. Subsequent
history of, 332.

Carthagena, an extraordinary rich silver
mine worked there for the Romans,
i. 179.

Carus, emperor, his election and charac-
ter, i. 380

Caspian and Iberian gates of mount Cau-
casus,
distinguished, v. 101.
Cassians, the party of, among the Ro-
man civilians, explained, v. 323.
Cassiodorius, his Gothic history, i. 269.
His account of the infant state of the
republic of Venice, iv. 294. His long
and prosperous life, v. 21.
Castriot, George; see Scanderbeg.
Catalans, their service and war in the
Greek empire, vii. 415.

Catholic church, the doctrines of, how
discriminated from the opinions of the
Platonic school, iii. 13. The authority
of, extended to the minds of mankind,
15. Faith of the Western or Latin
Church, 27. Is distracted by factions
in the cause of Athanasius, 40. The
doxology, how introduced, and how
perverted, 60. The revenue of, trans-
ferred to the heathen priests, by Julian,
iii. 152.

Edict of Theodosius for the estab-
lishment of the Catholic faith, iii. 395.
The progressive steps of idolatry in,
472. Persecution of the Catholics in
Africa, iv. 399. Pious frauds of the
Catholic clergy, 406.

-, How bewildered by the doctrine of
the incarnation, vi. 11. Union of the
Greek and Latin churches, 50.
- Schism of the Greek church, vii.
300.

Celestine, pope, espouses the party of Cy-
ril against Nestorius, and pronounces
the degradation of the latter from his
episcopal dignity, vi. 19.

Celtic language, driven to the mountains
by the Latin, i. 43. note.
Censor, the office of, revived under the
emperor Decius, i. 278. But without
effect, 280.

Ceos, the manufacture of silk first intro-
duced to Europe from that island, v.

65.

Cerca, the principai queen of Attila king
of the Huns, her reception of Maxi-
min the Roman ambassador, iv. 257.
Cerinthus, his opinion of the twofold na-
ture of Jesus Christ, vi. 8.
Ceylon, ancient names given to that island,

and the imperfect knowledge of, by
the Romans, iii. 175. note.
Chalcedon, the injudicious situation of
this city stigmatised by proverbial con-
tempt, ii. 223. A tribunal erected
there by the emperor Julian, to try
and punish the evil ministers of his
predecessor Constantius, iii. 108.

Chalcedon, a stately church built there by
Rufinus, the infamous minister of the
emperor Theodosius, iv. 6.

- Is taken by Chosroes II. king of
Persia, v. 455.
Chalcondyles, the Greek historian, his re-
marks on the several nations of Eu-
rope, viii. 54.

Chalons, battle of, between the Romans
and Attila king of the Huns, iv. 286.
Chamavia reduced and generously trea-
ted by Julian, ii. 378.

Chancellor, the original and modern ap-
plication of this word compared, i. 386.

note.

Characters, national, the distinctions of,
how formed, iii. 314.

Chariots of the Romans described, iv. 94.

note.

Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of
Lombardy, vi. 176. His reception at
Rome, 179. Eludes fulfilling the pro-
mises of Pepin and himself to the Ro-
man pontiff, 182. His coronation at
Rome by the pope Leo III. 190. His
reign and character, 192. Extent of
his empire, 196 His neighbours and
enemies, 199. His successors, 201.
His negotiations and treaty with the
Eastern empire, 203. State of his fa-
mily and dominions in the tenth cen-
tury, vii. 37.

Charles the Fat, emperor of the Romans,

vi. 202.

Charles of Anjou subdues Naples and Si-
cily, vii. 410. The Sicilian Vespers,
414. His character as a senator of
Rome, viii. 189.

Charles IV. emperor of Germany, his
weakness and poverty, vi. 217. His
public ostentation, 219. Contrast be-
tween him and Augustus, 220.
Charles V.emperor, parallel between him
and Diocletian, i. 435. And between
the sack of Rome by him, and that by
Alaric the Goth, iv. 131.

Chastity, its high esteem among the an-
cient Germans, i. 255. And the primi-
tive Christians, ii. 97.

Chemistry, the art of, from whom deri-
ved, vi. 440.

Chersonesus, Thracian, how fortified by
the emperor Justinian, v. 92.
Chersonites assist Constantine the Great
against the Goths, ii. 305. Are cru-
elly persecuted by the Greek emperor
Justinian II. vi. 90.

Chess, the object of the game of, by
whom invented, v. 220.

VOL. VIII.

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Its situation, iii. 325. The high
chronology claimed by the historians of,
ibid. The great wall of, when erect-
ed, 328. Was twice conquered by the
northern tribes, 329.

The Romans supplied with silk by
the caravans from, v. 67.

Is conquered by the Moguls, vii.
458. 466. Expulsion of the Moguls,
467.

Chivalry, origin of the order of, vii. 215.
Chnodomar, prince of the Alemanni, ta-
ken prisoner by Julian at the battle of
Strasburg, i. 377.

Chosroes, king of Armenia, assassinated
by the emissaries of Sapor king of Per-
sia, i. 302.

Chosroes, son of Tiridates, king of Ar-
menia, his character, ii. 315.
Chosroes I. king of Persia, protects the
last surviving philosophers of Athens,
in his treaty with the emperor Justini-
an, v. 109. Review of his history, 214.
Sells a peace to Justinian, 220. His
invasion of Syria, 222. His negotia-
tions with Justinian, 241. His pros-
perity, 243. Battle of Melitene, 423.
His death, 424.

Chosroes II. king of Persia, is raised to
the throne on the deposition of his fa-
ther Hormouz, v. 430. Is reduced to
implore the assistance of the emperor
Maurice, 432. His restoration and po-
ficy, 433. Conquers Syria, 454. Pa-
lestine, 455. Egypt and Asia Minor,
456. His reign and magnificence, ib.
Rejects the Mahometan religion, 458.
Imposes an ignominious peace on the
emperor Heraclius, 461. His flight,
deposition, and death, 476.

Chozars, the hord of, sent by the Turks
to the assistance of the emperor He-
raclius, v. 472.

Christ, the festival of his birth, why fix-
ed by the Romans at the winter solstice,
iii. 91. note.

Christians, primitive, the various sects into
which they branched out, ii. 65. As-
cribed the Pagan idolatry to the agen-
cy of dæmons, 73. Believed the end

૧૨.

of the world to be near at hand, 81.
The miraculous powers ascribed to the
primitive church, 87. Their faith
stronger than in modern times, 91.
Their superior virtue and austerity, 92.
Repentance, a virtue in high esteem
among them, ibid. Their notions of
marriage and chastity, 97. They dis-
claim war and government, 99. Were
active however in the internal govern-
ment of their own society, 100. Bishops
103. Synods, 105. Metropolitans and
primates, 107. Bishop of Rome, 108.
Their probable proportion to the Pa-
gan subjects of the empire before the
conversion of Constantine the Great,
130. Inquiry into their persecutions,
138. Why more odious to the govern-
ing powers than the Jews, 142. Their
religious meetings suspected, 147. Are
persecuted by Nero, as the incendiaries
of Rome, 154. Instructions of the em-
peror Trajan to Pliny the Younger for
the regulation of his conduct towards
them, 164. Remained exposed to po-
pular resentment on public festivities,
165. Legal mode of proceeding against
them, 166. The ardour with which
they courted martyrdom, 177. When
allowed to erect places for public wor-
ship, 184. Their persecution under
Diocletian and his associates, 197. An
edict of toleration for them published
by Galerius just before his death, 210.
Some considerations necessary to be at-
tended to in reading the sufferings of
the martyrs, 214. Edict of Milan pub-
lished by Constantine the Great, 391.
Political recommendations of the Chris-
tian morality to Constantine,393. Theo-
ry and practice of passive obedience,
ibid. Their loyalty and zeal, 397. The
sacrament of baptism, how administer-
ed in early times, 411. Extraordinary
propagation of Christianity after it ob-
tained the Imperial sanction, 414. Be-
comes the established religion of the
Roman empire, 417. Spiritual and
temporal powers distinguished, 418.
Review of the episcopal order in the
church, 419. The ecclesiastical reve-
nue of each diocese, how divided, 426.
Their legislative assemblies, 433. E-
dict of Constantine the Great against
heretics, iii. 1. Mysterious doctrine of
the Trinity, 11. The doctrines of the
Catholic church, how discriminated
from the opinions of the Platonic school
13. General character of the Christian

sects, 70. Christian schools prohibited
by the emperor Julian, 153. They are
removed from all offices of trust, 155.
Are obliged to reinstate the Pagan tem-
ples, ibid. Their imprudent and irre-
gular zeal against idolatry, 170.
Christians, distinction of, into vulgar and
ascetic, iv. 371. Conversion of the bar-
barous nations, 391.

Christianity, inquiry into the progress and
establishment of, ii. 57. Religion and
character of the Jews, 58. The Jew-
ish religion the basis of Christianity,
64.
Is offered to all mankind, ibid.
The sects into which the Christians di-
vided, 65. The theology of, reduced
to a systemat.cal form in the school of
Alexandria, 125. Injudicious conduct
of its early advocates, 134. Its perse-
cutions, 138. First erection of church-
es, 184.

"" The system of, found in Plato's
doctrine of the Logos, iii. 9.

- Salutary effects resulting from the
conversion of the barbarous nations, iv.
396.

Its progress in the north of Europe,

vii. 98.

Chrysaphius the Eunuch, engages Edecon,
to assassinate his king Attila, iv. 262.
Is put to death by the empre:s Pulche-
ria, 264. Assisted at the second coun-
cil of Ephesus, vi. 27.
Chrysocheir, general of the revolted Pau-
licians, over-runs and pillages Asia Mi-
nor, vii. 58. His death, ibid.
Chrysoloras, Manuel, the Greek envoy,
his character, vii. 83. His admiration
of Rome and Constantinople, 94.
Chrysopolis, battle of, between Constan-
tine the Great and Licinius, ii. 54.
Chrysostom, St. his account of the pom-
pous luxury of the emperor Arcadius,
iv. 166. Protects his fugitive patron
the eunuch Eutropius, 179. History ·
of his promotion to the archiepiscopal
see of Constantinople, 183. His char-
acter and administration, 184, 185. His
persecution, 188. His death, 192. His
relics removed to Constantinople, ibid.
His encomium on the monastic life, iv.
376. note.

Churches, Christian, the first erection of,
ii. 184. Demolition of, under Diocle.
tian, 203. Splendour of, under Con
stantine the Great, ii. 425. Seven, of
Asia, the fate of, vii. 473.
Cibalis, battle of, between Constantine
the Great and Licinius, ii. 43.

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