A

POPULAR DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE, HISTORY, POLITICS AND

BIOGRAPHY,

A NEW EDITION;

INCLUDING

A COPIOUS COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL ARTICLES

IN

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY;

ON

THE BASIS OF THE SEVENTH EDITION OF THE GERMAN

CONVERSATIONS-LEXICON.

EDITED BY

FRANCIS LIEBER,

ASSISTED BY

E. WIGGLESWORTH AND T. G. BRADFORD.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON:

B. B. MUSSEY & CO.

1851.

Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1831, by

CAREY AND LEA,

In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

Printed by T. K. & P. G. Collins.