(Oct. 29th) and also in the same year Ælfric, archbishop in York, on xi kal. Feb. (Jan. 22nd), and his body lies in Peterborough. Then king Edward had a witena-gemot in London at mid-lent and appointed Robert archbishop to Canterbury and abbot Sparrowhawk to London; and gave to bishop Rodulf, his kinsman, the abbacy in Abingdon. And in the same year he paid off all the sailors.

1051 (=1050) [D]. In this year died Eadsige archbishop in Canterbury; and the king gave the archbishopric to Robert the Frenchman, who before was bishop in London. And Sparrowhawk, abbot of Abingdon, succeeded to the bishopric in London; and it was afterwards taken from him before he was consecrated. And bishop Hereman and bishop Ealdred fared to Rome.

1050 [A].' Here died archbishop Eadsige, and Robert succeeded to the archbishopric.

1051 [c]. Here in this year came archbishop Robert hither over sea with his pall. And in this same year were banished earl Godwin and all his sons from England; and he went to Bruges and his wife and three of his sons, Swegen and Tostig and Gyrth; and Harold and Leofwin went to Ireland and abode there through the winter. And in this same year died the old lady, mother of king Edward and of Hardaknut, named Emma,2 on ii id. Mar. (March 14th) and her body lies in the Old Minster with king Knut. 1048 (= 1051) [E]. Here in this year king Edward appointed Robert, in London, archbishop to Canterbury in the spring. And the same spring he fared to Rome after his pall; and the king gave the bishopric in London to Sparrowhawk, abbot of Abingdon; and the king gave the abbacy to bishop Rodulf, his kinsman. Then came the archbishop from Rome one day before the eve of St. Peter's-mass and occupied his archiepiscopal chair at Christ-Church on St. Peter's

Hic Eaduardus rex dedit Rodberto, qui fuit abbas Gemeticae, archiepiscopatum Cantuariae.-F Lat.

2 Written on erasure.

mass day (June 29th) and soon after went to the king. Then came abbot Sparrowhawk to him on the way with the king's writ and seal in order that he should consecrate him bishop to London. Then the archbishop refused and said that the pope had forbidden it him. Then the abbot went to the archbishop again for that purpose and there desired episcopal ordination; and the archbishop constantly denied him and said that the pope had forbidden it him. Then went the abbot to London and occupied the bishopric, which before the king had granted him, with his full leave all the summer and autumn.

And then came Eustace from beyond sea soon after the bishop and went to the king and spoke with him what he would at the time and then turned homeward. When he came east to Canterbury, he and his men took a meal there and wended to Dover. When he was some mile or more on this side of Dover, then he put on his byrny and all his companions [did the like], and they fared to Dover. When they came thither, then would they lodge themselves where it pleased them. Then came one of his men and would put up in the house of a householder against his will and wounded the householder, and the householder slew the other. Then Eustace got upon his horse, and his companions upon theirs, and they fared to the householder, and slew him within his own hearth, and then turned up towards the town and slew, both within and without, more than twenty men.' And the townsmen slew nineteen men on the other side and wounded they knew not how many. And Eustace escaped with a few men and wended back again to the king and

1 When he had spoken what he would, then turned he back again. When his men came to Dover, a man of his would take up his quarters at a man's [house] against his will so that he wounded the householder, and the householder slew the man. Then was Eustace very wroth and got upon his horse, and his men [did the like] and fared thereto and slew the aforesaid householder and also more than twenty men besides him.-F. per superbiam uoluit in accipere hospitium et uulnerauit dominum domus, etc.— F Lat.

made known to him partially how they had fared.' And the king became very wroth with the townsmen. And the king summoned earl Godwin and bade him fare into Kent with unpeace to Dover; for Eustace had declared to the king that it had been more the guilt of the townsfolk than his; but it was not so. And the earl would not agree to the inroad because he was loth to injure the district of his own people.2 Then the king sent after all his witan and bade them come to Gloucester nigh the second mass of St. Mary (Sept. 8th). Then had the foreign men erected a castle in Herefordshire in earl Swegen's territory and wrought every kind of harm and insult to the king's men thereabout which they might. Then came earl Godwin and earl Swegen and earl Harold together at Beverstone, and many men with them, with the purpose to go to their royal lord and to all the witan, who were assembled with him, in order that they might have the advice of the king and his aid and of all the witan how they might avenge the insult to the king and the whole nation. Then were the foreign men 3 beforehand with the king and accused the earls so that they might not come within his eyes' sight; for they said that they would be coming thither in order to betray the king. There was come to the king earl Siward and earl Leofric and much folk with them from the north; and it was made known to the earl Godwin and his sons that the king and the men, who were with him, were taking measures against them; and they arrayed themselves firmly to meet them though they were loth to stand against their royal lord. Then the witan decreed that on either side every kind of 1 Said to the king worse than it was.-F. aliter multo quam acta sit.-F Lat.

2

Praecepit

...

4

ut congregaret exercitum et intraret Cantiam, omnia deuastando, et maxime Dofras (on margin: al. ut deuastaret Dofras). Sed Godwinus nolens destruere comitatum suum, dissimulauit ire illuc.-F Lat.

Quidam de Normannis.-F Lat.

Nigh the king.--F. ita ut rex interdiceret eis presentiam suam.-F Lat.

evil should cease; and the king1 gave God's peace and full protection to either side.

3

5

Then the king and his witan decreed that a meeting of all the witan should be held for the second time in London at the autumnal equinox. Then the king ordered a host to be called out, both to the south of the Thames and to the north-all that ever was best. Then was earl Swegen declared an outlaw, and earl Godwin and earl Harold were summoned to the (witena-) gemot as speedily as they might effect it. When they had come thither, then they were summoned to the (witena-) gemot. Then he desired a safe-conduct and hostages so that unharmed he might come into the meeting and out of the meeting. Then the king desired all the thegns whom before the earls had; and they let them all into his hands. Then the king sent again to them and bade them come with twelve men into the king's council. Then the earl again desired a safe-conduct and hostages so that he would be able to clear himself of each of those things with which he was charged. Then the hostages were denied him, and he was granted five nights' grace to fare out of the land. And then wended earl Godwin and earl Swegen to Bosham and pushed out their ships and betook themselves beyond sea and sought Baldwin's protection and abode there all the winter. And earl Harold wended west to Ireland and was there all the winter in the king's protection. And soon after this was, the king forsook the lady, who was consecrated his queen, and caused to be taken from her all that she possessed in land and in gold and in silver and in all things, and committed her to his sister at Wherwell.

6

And abbot Sparrowhawk was then driven out of the bishopric in London; and William the king's priest

1 The king gave to the earl his full friendship.-F.

2 Promised.-F.

4 Bidden.-F.

3 Gemot in A.-S.
5 To the king.-F.

6 Then he was denied and ordered to clear out within five nights; and he fared over sea to Baldwin's land.-F.

was consecrated thereto. And then Odda was placed as earl over Devonshire and over Somerset and over Dorset and over the Welsh; and to Ælfgar, earl Leofric's son, was given the earldom which before Harold had possessed.

1052 (= 1051) [D]. Here died Ælfric archbishop in York, a very reverend man and wise. And in the same year king Edward abolished the geld, which before king Æthelred imposed: and that was in the nine and thirtieth year after he had begun it. The geld distressed the whole English people during so long a space as is here above written; that was ever before other gelds which were variously paid, and men were exceedingly distressed with it.

In the same year came to land at Dover Eustace who had king Edward's sister to wife. Then his men fared foolishly after quarters, and a certain man of the town they slew; and another man of the town [did the like to] a companion of theirs, so that there lay seven of his companions. And much harm was done there on either side with horse and also with weapons until the folk gathered together; and then they fled away until they came to the king at Gloucester; and he gave them protection. When earl Godwin understood that such things should have happened in his earldom, he began to gather folk over all his earldom, and earl Swegen his son over his, and Harold his other son over his earldom; and together they assembled at Langtree in Gloucestershire a great and countless force, all ready for battle against the king, unless Eustace were given up and his men delivered into their hands and also the Frenchmen who were in the castle. This was done seven nights before the latter mass of St. Mary (Sept. 1st). Then was king Edward sitting at Gloucester. Then he sent after earl Leofric and north after earl Siward and prayed for their forces. And they came to him, first with a moderate aid; but after they knew how it was to the south there, they sent north over all their earldom and let summon a large fyrd for the help of their lord; and