Industry in England: Historical Outlines

Front Cover
Methuen & Company, 1896 - 479 pages
 

Contents

Physical Aspect of PreRoman Britain
17
CHAPTER II
21
Roman Roads
22
Roman Towns in Britain
23
The Romans and Agriculture
25
Celtic and NonRoman Influence in Agriculture
27
Commerce and Industry in Roman Britain
31
CHAPTER III
34
The Saxon Village and its Inhabitants
37
Village Life
38
Methods of Cultivation
40
CHAPTER IV
47
Evidence from Manorial Courts and Customs
55
PERIOD II
61
The Wealth of various Districts
68
Services due to the Lord from his Tenants in Villeinage
74
Description of a Manor Village
80
Economic Effects of the Feudal System 98
100
Economic Appearance of England in this Period Population
106
CHAPTER VI
111
Agriculture the Chief Occupation of the People
112
Increase of Sheepfarming
118
SECTION PAGE 77 Foreign Manufacture of Fine Goods
126
Flemish Settlers teach the English Weavers Norwich
127
The Worsted Industry
129
Gilds in the Cloth Trade
130
The Dyeing of Cloth
131
The Manufacturing Class and Politics
132
CHAPTER X
134
The Origin of the Towns
135
Markets
138
The Great Fairs
140
The Fairs of Winchester and Stourbridge
142
English Medieval Ports
144
The Temporary Decay of Manufacturing Towns
145
Growth of Industrial Villages The Germs of the Modern Fac tory System
146
CHAPTER XI
149
Social Changes The Villeins and the Wagepaid Labourers
150
The Famine and the Plague
151
The Effects of the Plague on Wages
152
Prices of Provisions
155
Effects of the Plague upon the Landowners
156
the Yeomen
157
The Statute of Quia Emptores
158
The Emancipation of the Villeins
159
CHAPTER XII
161
New Social Doctrines
162
The Coming of the Friars Wiklif
163
The Renewed Exactions of the Landowners
164
Social and Political Questions
165
The Mutterings of a Storm
167
The Storm Breaks Out
168
The Result of the Revolt
170
The Condition of the English Labourer
172
Purchasing Power of Wages
175
Drawbacks
177
CHAPTER XIII
180
The Country Gentry
182
The Yeomen
183
Agriculture and Sheepfarming
184
The Stock and Land Lease
186
The Towns and Town Constitutions
187
The Gilds and Municipal Institutions
189
The Decay of Certain Towns
190
The Commercial and Industrial Changes of the Fifteenth Century
192
The close of the Middle Ages
194
PERIOD IV
197
CHAPTER XIV
199
The Dissolution of the Monasteries
202
Results of the Suppression
203
Pauperism
205
The Issuing of Base Coin
206
The Confiscation of the Gild Lands
207
Bankruptcy and Rapacity of Edward VI s Government
209
The Agrarian Situation
211
The Enclosures of the Sixteenth Century
213
Evidence of the Results of Enclosing
215
Other Economic Changes The Finances
218
CHAPTER XV
223
Foreign Trade in the Fifteenth Century
224
The Venetian Fleet
225
The Hanseatic Leagues Station in London
227
Trade with Flanders Antwerp in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth
228
CHAPTER XVI
234
Exports of Manufactures and Foreign Trade
240
The Revival of the Craft Gilds
246
Assessment of Wages by Justices The First Poor
253
The Law of Apprenticeship
259
Population
263
The Struggle for India
293
The Conquest of Canada
295
Survey of Commercial Progress during these Wars
296
Commercial Events of the Seventeenth Century Bankingthe Bank of England National Debt Restoration of the Currency
299
Other Important Commercial Events Darien Scheme Union of England and Scotland Methuen Treaty Speculation and the South Sea Bubble
301
CHAPTER XIX
305
Other Influences Favourable to England The Huguenot
307
Distribution of the Cloth Trade
308
Coal Mines
310
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
311
The Iron Trade
312
Pottery
314
Other Mining Industries
315
The Close of the Period of Manual Industries
316
PERIOD V
319
CHAPTER XX
321
The Coming of the Capitalists
324
The Class of Small Manufacturers
326
The Condition of the Manufacturing Population
327
SECTION PAGE 197 Two Examples of Village Life
328
Condition of the Agricultural Population
331
Growth of Population
332
England still mainly Agricultural
334
The Domestic System of Manufacture
336
CHAPTER XXI
341
The Great Inventors
343
The Revolution in Manufactures and the Factories
347
Districts
349
The Revolution in the Mining Industries
352
The Improvements in Communications
354
The Nations Wealth and its Wars
356
CHAPTER XXII
358
The Mercantile Theory
359
The Mercantile Theory in Practice
361
English Policy towards the Colonies
364
Attempts to raise a Revenue from America
367
Outbreak of War
368
The Great Continental War
370
Its Effects upon Industry and the Working Classes
372
Politics among the Working Classes
376
Political Results of the Industrial Revolution
378
CHAPTER XXIII
381
Machinery and Hand Labour
383
Loss of Rural Life and of ByeIndustries
385
Contemporary Evidence of the New Order of Things
387
English Slavery The Apprentice System
388
The Beginning of the Factory Agitation
391
Efforts towards Factory Reform
392
Richard Oastler
393
Factory Agitation in Yorkshire For and Against
395
Ten Hours Day and Mr Sadler 897
397
The Evidence of Facts
398
English Slavery
400
The Various Factory Acts
403
How these Acts were Passed
404
CHAPTER XXIV
407
The Allowance System of Relief
408
The Growth of Pauperism and the Old Poor Law
410
The Poor Law and the Allowance System
412
Restrictions upon Labour
415
The Combination Acts
416
Growth of Trades Unions
419
The Working Classes Fifty Years Ago
421
Wages
424
CHAPTER XXV
427
The Agricultural Revolution
430
The Stimulus caused by the Bounties
433
Agriculture under Protection
435
Improvements in Agriculture
436
The Depression in Modern Agriculture
439
The Causes of the Depression lack of capital rents lack of adaptability lack of education and scientific methods
441
The Labourer and the Land
445
The Condition of the Labourer
447
The Present Condition of British Agriculture
450
CHAPTER XXVI
453
State of Trade in 1820
455
The Beginnings of Free Trade
456
Revolution in the Means of Transit
458
Modern Developments
459
Our Colonies
461
England and other Nations Wars
463
Present Difficulties Commercial Crises
464
Commercial Crises since 1865
466
The Recent Depression in Trade
467
The Present Mercantile System Foreign Markets
469
Overproduction and Wages
470
The Power of Labour Trades Unions and Cooperation Labour Politics
471
The Necessity of Studying Economic Factors in History
473

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