faldstools, upon which lie open books, and beneath, their numerous children kneeling, some of them holding sculls. These are painted as in life. They also exhibit profuse heraldic bearings.

Such memorials of the dead frequently bear pompous epitaphs, and boastful genealogies. The alliances of family are set forth in some cases minutely, generally to some extent, and the heraldic quarterings of the deceased are fully emblazoned. Of these monuments in the Ipswich churches, none carry their characteristics to an extreme, but few are silent on the subject of the ancestors of those to whose memory they were erected, and by far the majority furnish stores for the accumulation of a fund of heraldic knowledge.

Many monuments of this description furnish much observation for the student in costume, and are the more valuable from being painted in the colours of the fabrics worn by the deceased. In the monument of Anthonie Penning in St. Matthew's chancel, are, besides the kneeling effigies of Penning and his wife, thirteen youthful figures, nine sons and four daughters. The female figures exhibit minutely the costume of the time in which they lived, even to the ornaments upon the sleeves and other parts of the dress. These sleeves are painted to represent gold and silver brocade, which is puffed and tied at the elbows with flowing ribbons.

Near this monument is another of the same character and age, erected to Richard Cocke, a portman, who died in 1629, shewing a strict attention to costume. Among six youthful figures upon the lower part of the monument is a male kneeling, but unlike his fellows, booted and spurred, denoting that the party represented held employment in the army.

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There is no reason to doubt that the larger effigies if not the smaller, were portraits of those they were designed to commemorate; and regarded in this light, the monuments of this age become peculiarly interesting. Richard Cocke for instance, of whose memorial we have just spoken, though filling his tomb upwards of two centuries, through the integrity of his effigy stands as bodily before the present time, as when he performed the duties of his office, and the "anciert medow" of Oldenholme was given to him and his fellows for the sustenance of their steeds. The gown which the sculptor has placed upon his shoulders, is the semblance of that in which he attended the Great Courts of the Corporation called together by the sound of the "trompe," and the beard and the moustache ornamenting his effigy, are of the proportionate length, curl, and colour he possessed while living.

Some of the effigies of this age partly recline. In the church of St. Mary at the Elms is a monument to William Acton, in the lower compartment of which is a female figure reclining. Her right hand supports her head. Her left hand holds a book. Under the right arm is a skull and hour glass. At the back of the upper compartment of this monument is a figure of death, preparing to strike-probably indicative that her end was sudden.

Although we have remarked that the epitaphs of this age are full of the virtues of the deceased, and exhibit much that cannot be said to savour of a modest spirit, yet it is impossible to deny that some of them contain touching sentiments, couched in language of a character emanating from a love of truth, and not exceeding the merits of the departed. An instance of this is found in the inscription on a tablet erected

to the Rev. Nicholas Stanton, who died October 12, 1649, inserted in the wall of the north aisle of St. Margarett's church.

In the chancel of St. Mary Tower, against the wall is a sepulchral memorial of a novel character, and perhaps unique. It is a tablet of wood, framed. Upon this is painted an inner frame or tablet, on which is the inscription. Beneath this is a view of the town of Ipswich, as seen from the Stoke side of the river. At the time of the erection of this monument, the spire of St. Mary Tower had not been destroyed by tempest, and is given in the monumental view, as also Seckford's house, in St. Matthew's, (within a few years the property of W. Rodwell, Esq. but now demolished) the old quay, most of the town, and part of the country.

The inscription on this monument is as strange as the pictorial representation, being a long eulogy on the goodness and charity of the deceased William Smart, 1600, ejaculated by a person who had heard. of the death of this benefactor, and then utters apostrophies in praise of the defunct.*

Sufficient has been here observed to characterize the class of memorials to the dead to be found in the churches of this town. Particulars of a more descriptive nature will be combined with the notices of the various ecclesiastical structures in which they are placed.

The present church of ST. LAWRENCE is believed to have been commenced by John Bottold, who died, according to Weever, in 1431. Domesday Book however speaks of the church of St. Lawrence as being held by Turchill and Edric, in Ipswich, so that its original foundation is of considerable antiquity. St. Lawrence

* See illustration.

has a tower, nave, and chancel, but no aisles. The tower is curiously attached to the west end of the church, being half separated by an open passage which runs south and north into the church-yard. With the exception of the windows of the nave, St. Lawrence possesses but few architectural features of consequence, but these windows are numerous, lofty, and evidently formed for the purpose of containing stained glass. Built in the fifteenth century, the church is of the Perpendicular style of architecture, with a few traces of transition from the Decorated character in the head of the east window. The chancel is wide, and generally of good dimensions. The church has a south porch, which is not used for either ingress or egress. There are no brasses with effigies on the floor, though memorials of this kind formerly existed.

Over the west gallery is a large mural painting in oil of Christ disputing with the doctors in the Temple. It is of modern execution, being painted by the late Sir W. Ker Porter, in 1804, while quartered with his regiment in the town. The subject occupies nearly the entire western end of the church, and displays many good points of composition and colouring, for both of which this amateur artist was remarkable.

In 1514, Edmund Dandy or Daundy, founded a chantry in this church dedicated to St. Thomas, and obtained leave from Henry 8th to appoint a secular priest to offer at the altar in behalf of himself and relatives, among whom he included Thomas Wolsey, then Dean of Lincoln, and his parents Robert and Joan Wolsey then deceased. Daundy nominated as first priest James Crawford, to whom and his successors in the chantry he gave a house in St. Lawrence parish adjoining the Crown Inn, in King Street, for a

mansion, and lands in Sproughton, Stoke Hamlet, and Alnesbourne, for a maintenance. Commissary Tanner states, that in the Norwich books, this chantry is rated at £6 10s. adding, that in St. Lawrence church, was also a guild of St. Thomas, an altar erected to the same saint, and a window of St. Christopher.

In 1515, Edmund Daundy, still regarding the good state of his soul after death, bestowed upon the town of Ipswich certain lands in Holbrook, requiring the sum of 17s. 6d. to be paid on Port Latin day to every house of Friars in the town for the celebration of his obit. To the almshouse of our Lady of Grace, and to each almshouse founded by him, he gave an hundred of wood in addition to their usual quantity, that the poor resident within them may also pray for his soul.

Daundy and his family appear to have been strongly impressed with the religious feelings of the age. His piety and charity were conspicuous in Ipswich, and his second wife Margaret, is said to have become at his death, an abbess of a nunnery.

Daundy was buried within his chantry and a stone inlaid with his effigy in brass formerly existed in this church. It was most probably defaced by Dowsing, but some years since a portion, with the inscription, was placed in one of the windows of the chancel. It bore the following epitaph :

"Here under lies buried the body of Edmund Dandy, some time Portman and Bailif. He was builder of y market cross, and of ye alms houses in Lady Lane to every one of which he gave an hundred of wood against winter, and to the maintainnance thereof he gave certain lands in Holbrook, to yo Bailifes of Ipswich their successors for ever. He dyed May 1515,