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or relations, between the termination of his life on Killingworth Moor and his return from South America. I have also to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. George Parker Bidder, late President of the Institution of Civil Engineers; Mr. Charles Manby, F.R.S.; and Mr. George Robert Stephenson, C.E.

In expressing my thanks to the gentlemen who have assisted me with information or papers, I render no mere formal act of courtesy. Gratitude is a solemn duty when acknowledgment has to be made of services conferred by those who no longer tarry in the ways of men. Of those to whom I am indebted for facts or counsel, many have passed to another world. Mr. Losh and Mr. Weallens of Newcastle, Mr. Kell of Gateshead, Mr. Charles Empson of Bath, Admiral Moorsom, and Mr. Charles Parker, are amongst those who will never see this page.

J. CORDY JEAFFRESON.

THE TASK of describing some of the more important professional subjects which occupied the attention of Robert Stephenson has been confided to me. There was some difficulty in determining what subjects should be chosen, for many of his works were so mixed up with the current events of his life, that they could scarcely be separated from the narrative of his biography.

I determined, finally, to select the Atmospheric system of Railway Propulsion, and the great Iron Railway Bridges erected by him.

The length at which I have treated the former of these subjects demands some explanation, inasmuch as Robert Stephenson, far from promoting the Atmospheric system, was always one of its strongest opponents. But judges on whom I can fully rely were of opinion that it deserved a prominent place in his life, as well from the great interest he took in it, as from the extent to which it must have affected the whole course of Railway engineering. The facts of its history, with the results and lessons to be drawn from it, seemed likely soon to be forgotten, and were considered worthy of being put fully on record.

The preliminary chapter on Iron Bridges has been written in order to bring out more clearly the peculiarities and merits of the magnificent structures of this kind, to which probably Robert Stephenson will eventually owe his widest fame.

I have to acknowledge information kindly supplied by many friends in the profession.

The chapters which I have contributed to the work are XIV. in Vol. I., and II., III., IV., VIII., in Vol. II.

WILLIAM POLE.

LONDON: September 1864.

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