Primary groups-presenting only the main class of defects

indicated

A. Cases with defect in development only

802

15.7

445

11.5

3.0

1.9

abnormal nerve-signs only

CD. Cases pale, thin, or delicate, and dull or backward only
Groups with only two main classes of defect

ACD. Cases with defect in development, with low nutrition
and dull or backward

BCD. Cases with nerve-signs, low nutrition, and dull or
backward

Total of cases noted with some defect

5112

100.0

3819

100 0

19.2

16.1

Ethnographical Survey of the United Kingdom.-Third Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. E. W. BRABROOK (Chairman), Mr. FRANCIS GALTON, Dr. J. G. GARSON, Professor A. C. HADDON, Dr. JOSEPH ANDERSON, Mr. J. ROMILLY ALLEN, Dr. J. Beddoe, Professor D. J. CUNNINGHAM, Professor W. BOYD DAWKINS, Mr. ARTHUR EVANS, Sir H. HOWORTH, Professor R. MELDOLA, General PITT-RIVERS, Mr. E. G. RAVENSTEIN, and Mr. E. SIDNEY HARTLAND (Secretary). (Drawn up by the Chairman.)

1. As in the two previous years, the Committee have had the advantage of the co-operation of several gentlemen not members of the Association, but delegates of various learned bodies who are interested in the Survey. They have to deplore the loss, by death, of one of these gentlemen, Mr. Granville Leveson-Gower, one of the delegates of the Society of Antiquaries. His place has been filled by the election by the same Society of its Director, Mr. F. G. Hilton Price, as a delegate to this Committee. His colleague, Mr. George Payne, and Mr. E. Clodd, Mr. G. L. Gomme, and Mr. J. Jacobs, the representatives of the Folk Lore Society, Sir C. M. Kennedy, K.C.M.G., representing the Royal Statistical Society, Mr. Edward Laws, the Ven. Achdeacon Thomas, Mr. S. W. Williams, and Professor John Rhys, representing the Cambrian Archæological Association, and Dr. C. R. Browne, a representative of the Royal Irish Academy, have continued their valuable services. Some other members of the Committee are delegated by the Anthropological Institute.

2. In their first and second reports, the Committee presented a list of 367 villages or places which, in the opinion of competent persons consulted by the Committee, appeared especially to deserve ethnographic study, and they appended to the list observations furnished by their correspondents on the special characteristics of such villages and places, which rendered them typical. This considerable number does not exhaust the supply of names of places, several observations having been made in places not mentioned in the list.

3. The Committee have issued, in the shape of an octavo pamphlet of twelve pages only, the forms of schedule which they had prepared. They believe that it presents, in the most compendious manner possible, a body of instructions for observers under the five heads into which the Committee's inquiries have been divided, viz. :—

(1) Physical types of the inhabitants;

(2) Current traditions and beliefs;

(3) Peculiarities of dialect;

(4) Monuments and other remains of ancient culture; and

(5) Historical evidence as to continuity of race.

Arrangements have been made with the printers for supplying this pamphlet to Societies which may be desirous of circulating it among their members or incorporating it with their Transactions, at a cost of 21s. for

every 400 copies, or 168. if printed on the Society's own paper. [See circular in Appendix.]

4. This offer has been accepted by several societies. One of the societies which have availed themselves of the arrangement is the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archæological Society, and Mr. Hartland has prepared for insertion in its Transactions some notes explanatory of the Schedule, a copy of which is appended to this report. The Committee propose to arrange with the Society for a supply of copies of these notes, which may be useful to societies and observers in other parts of the country.

5. During the year the work of observation has been proceeding in several directions, and the sub-committees in various parts of the United Kingdom have commenced operations. The Committee do not propose at the present stage to present any report of the results of these observations, but only to report progress and to request their reappointment for the purpose of continuing the work with which they have been entrusted.

6. They desire to make an exception, however, in the case of Ipswich, which possesses local interest as being the place of meeting of the Association for the present year. Miss Layard has acted as secretary of a sub-committee in Ipswich, and Dr. Hetherington has furnished twenty measurements of individuals, a report upon which has been prepared by Dr. Garson, 'and will be presented in a future report. Dr. Groome, Mr. Partridge, and Mrs. Ledger have also contributed, through Miss Layard, collections of the local Folklore, and these will also be contained in a future report. By the courteous invitation of Mrs. Cobbold, the Chairman and Secretary of the Committee attended a meeting at her house for the purpose of explaining the views of the Committee, at which much interest was expressed in the work of the Committee, and some valuable information was obtained.

7. Some interesting investigations have also been made by the Committee at Barley, in the county of Hertford. Their attention was drawn by the Rector, the Rev. J. Frome Wilkinson, to the strong historical evidence as to continuity of race furnished by entries in the parish registers and other local records going back to an unusually early time, to the existence of remains of ancient culture hitherto almost unnoticed in the county histories, and to the survival to a late period of early forms of land cultivation in this parish. By his courtesy, Professor Haddon, who was accompanied by the Chairman of the Committee, was able to take measurements and photographs of inhabitants of the parish belonging to different ranks of society, whose pedigrees could be traced through the registers for a considerable period.

8. A Cambridge University sub-committee for the Ethnographical Survey of East Anglia has been formed to discover and record the principal types of the inhabitants of East Anglia on the lines laid down by this Committee, under the auspices of the Royal Society. This subcommittee consists of Professor Macalister, F.R.S., Mr. W. L. H. Duckworth, and Professor Haddon, under whose supervision the work will be conducted by a number of trained men. The work of forming subcommittees in Wales has also been proceeded with. In the Cotteswolds, Mr. S. S. Buckman has furnished the committee with notes introductory to observations that are in progress.

9. The Committee have been anxious to procure observations (especially physical observations) from places where the non-existence of any local society or other reasons may interpose difficulties in the way of the

formation of a sub-committee. With this view, a circular has been addressed to a selected number of medical men, whose names were obtained from the lists of those who had contributed to the researches of the Collective Investigation Committee of the British Medical Association. [See Appendix.] As yet, however, the Committee have not been fortunate in obtaining the favourable response to their application to these gentlemen for which they had hoped.

10. The Committee propose, at the close of the present meeting, to arrange for a special survey of the district of Galloway, during the latter part of September and the month of October 1895, with the view of ascertaining the special divergencies in dialect, the prehistoric monuments, the old cultivation sites, the folklore, the physical types of the people, and objects of obsolete culture in domestic and agricultural occupations. The Committee are glad to find that the Rev. Dr. Walter Gregor, author of Notes on the Folklore of the North-east of Scotland' and other works, is willing to undertake this survey. The expense is estimated at not more than 207.

11. Should Dr. Gregor's time allow, they hope he may be induced, later in the year 1895-96, to undertake a similar survey in the districts of Caithness, Morayshire, and Nairn.

12. Only 107. has been drawn in the past year out of the 301. voted at the Oxford meeting, although more has been expended. The Committee ask for a renewal of the 207. not drawn, and for a further grant of 30l., making 501. altogether.

APPENDIX I.

Circular to local Societies.

DEAR SIR,-I am instructed by the Ethnographical Survey Committee to send you herewith a copy of the schedules prepared for the purpose of the inquiry entrusted to them into the mental and physical characteristics of the races of the United Kingdom. The heads of inquiry, as you will see, are very various; and it is hoped that some at least of them will interest the members of your Society. With the object of making them as widely known as possible, the Committee have arranged with the printers (Messrs. Spottiswoode & Co., New Street Square, London, E.C.) to supply copies to you, upon request, at the rate of 17. 1s. for 400 copies, or, if your own paper be used, 16s. By this means you will be enabled to issue them with your transactions, or report, or to take any other means which may appear more suitable to bring the subject under the notice of all your members.

You will observe that villages and retired places are spoken of in the accompanying print as especially deserving of ethnographic study. The object is to devote attention chiefly to the inhabitants of districts where the population has long been stationary and little changed by the movements of modern life. It is desired to obtain physical measurements and photographs of individuals who appear typical in their respective districts, individuals selected, if possible, from among those whose forefathers have dwelt in the neighbourhood as far back as can be traced. With the physical peculiarities of the people it is desired to correlate their dialect, their history as exhibited by archæological remains, and their manners and