1894.

Anon. Remarkable Overflowing Artesian Well [Bourn, Lincolnshire]. Engineer, vol. lxxvii. pp. 23, 24.

Elworthy, T. The Hastings Water Supply Past and Present. Pp. 8, map. 8vo. Hastings.

Fritton, G. W. The Waters of the Arden: a sketch of its Springs, Wells, Rivers, Lakes, Pools, and Marshes, within the basin of the Avon. Proc. Warwicksh. Field Club for 1893, pp. 19-36.

Hodson, G. Epsom Local Board of Health. Report Water Supply. Pp. 29. Fol.

on the Suffolk County Lunatic Asylum. Report on the Protection of the Water Supply . . . accompanied by Reports of Dr. E. Frankland and Dr. G. Thresh. Pp. 29.

Fol.

Hull, Prof. E. Artesian Boring at New Lodge, near Windsor Forest (Berks). Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. 1. pp. 152-155.

Palmer, P. H. Hastings Corporation Waterworks. Brede Valley Scheme. Pp. 23. Fol. Hastings.

Pendlebury, W. H. Chemistry of Dover Water. S. E. Naturalist, vol. i. pt. iv. pp. 107–114.

Topley, W. Borough of Tunbridge Wells. Water Supply. Report. Pp. 4. 8vo. Tunbridge Wells.

Whitaker, W., and A. J. Jukes-Browne. On Deep Borings at Culford and Winkfield, with Notes on those at Ware and Cheshunt. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. 1. pp. 488-514.

Tunbridge Wells. Temporary Association for Promoting the Utilisation of our Surplus Water Supply. Pp. 16. 8vo. Tunbridge Wells. (Gaugings of Springs.)

Which Recommendation of Mr. Mansergh will the Burgesses Vote for if the Town is Polled-Penbury Spring Water, or Ashdown Surface Water? (Issued by the Temporary Association.) Pp. 32. 8vo. Tunbridge Wells. (Gaugings of Springs.)

1895.

Barwise, Dr. S. The Mountain Limestone as a Source of Underground Water. Public Health, vol. vii. pp. 416, 417.

Hull, Prof. E. On 'The Water Supply of the Borough of St. Helens, Lancashire, from Wells in the New Red Sandstone.' Trans. San. Inst. vol. xv. pt. iv. pp. 578-585. Discussion, pp. 596-603.

Peirce, W. G. Inaugural Address. (Refers to Water from Chalk.) Trans. Soc. Eng.

Whitaker, W. On the Chalk of the London Basin in regard to Water Supply. (Reprinted from Rep. R. Comm. Metrop. Water Supply, with small additions.) Geol. Mag. dec. iv. vol. ii. pp. 360–366.

Some Surrey Wells. Trans. Croydon Micr. Nat. Hist. Club, 1894-95, pp. 132-150.

Underground in Suffolk and its Borders. Address to the Geological Section (British Association). Reprinted in the East Anglian Daily Times, September 13. Nature and Geol. Mag. dec. iv. vol. ii. pp. 461-471.

Winwood, Rev. H. H. Well Boring at Bitton. Proc. Bath Field Club (6 pages).

Cetiosaurus Remains. Report of the Committee, consisting of Professor A. H. GREEN (Chairman), Mr. JAMES PARKER (Secretary), the EARL of DUCIE, Professor E. RAY LANKESTER, and Professor H. G. SEELEY, appointed to examine the Ground from which the Remains of the Cetiosaurus in the Oxford Museum were obtained, with a View to determining whether other parts of the same Animal remain in the Rock.

THE Committee have to report that from unavoidable circumstances no satisfactory conclusion has as yet been arrived at.

During the Easter vacation, when excavations might have been made, their Chairman, Professor A. H. Green, was prevented by illness from taking any active part, and therefore no orders could be given for actual operations in the way of digging. Several visits, however, have been made to the spot and information obtained; and, further, full permission has been obtained from Lord Valentia, the owner of the land, to make such excavations as are required, and co-operation from his agent has also been promised.

The quarry where the bones were found is in a slope facing the north, and to the south of the spot where it has been ascertained they lay, further excavations would be attended with much difficulty, as the ground rises rapidly some 20 feet and is surmounted by a wall, on the other side of which there is a high road, and excavations might endanger its stability.

On the western side, where it was thought most advisable to excavate, it was at the last moment discovered that some two or three years previously some excavations had been undertaken with the same object, but without success, and then filled up again. As to reopening and extending these, a decision cannot be come to till further particulars as to what was done are obtained and the men found who were employed. On the eastern side there is perhaps more chance of success, but the ground here also has at some time been evidently much broken up.

Meanwhile, however, the opening of a quarry about 350 yards to the south has disclosed the circumstances that the sandy bed, which contained the bones of the Cetiosaurus and which also contains much carbonaceous matter, is continued in this direction. The pit where the bones were found is on the northern edge of a promontory round which the Cherwell river runs, and the quarry lately opened is practically on the south edge of the same promontory. The bed is of the same thickness, namely, from 6 to 12 inches, and appears from the measurements at present taken to be almost exactly at the same level in each spot, and in each case resting upon some 20 feet of limestone beds belonging to the Great Oolite. Most of these beds are very hard and more or less fossiliferous, but one or two very soft. One soft bed, about 6 feet below this sandy parting, is crowded with Terebratula maxillata. This bed is found in one or two other sections not far distant, and forms a definite datum line in the several sections for comparison.

Above the sandy parting, in both the Cetiosaurus pit and the newly opened pit, there is a bed of about 4 feet of shale, immediately followed by the hard slabs and slaty beds of the Forest Marble.

This 6 to 12 inch sandy bed, with the carbonaceous matter in which the bones were found, may be certainly taken as the line of demarcation

between the Great Oolite and the Forest Marble; and though there is no trace of unconformity (the beds being all practically horizontal), the sudden change in lithological character points to a marked change of physical circumstances, in which the surface, if not actually becoming dry land, must have become nearly so, to be followed again by the shales and the marine beds of the Forest Marble.

This change may perhaps account for so many bones of one individual animal being found together and comparatively so little worn by any movement whatever.

Some 400 yards to the east, and about the centre of the promontory, large quarries are open, which pass through 25 feet of the Cornbrash and Forest Marble, apparently reaching the shales which rest on the sandy parting referred to, as shown in the other sections. Though there is no reason to anticipate that any of the bones of this particular animal may have been drifted in this direction, it is thought advisable to make an excavation or so at the place with the view of ascertaining exactly how far the particular sandy parting is extended.

In the uncertainty as to which was the best spot where to set the excavations going, the Chairman felt he was not justified in drawing any money on account of the grant of 207.; but now that permission has been granted and several observations and measurements made and inquiries set on foot, the Committee would request that the grant may be renewed, so that the inquiries and observations may be continued, and that at the first favourable opportunity some trial holes may be made, partly with a view of being satisfied that no further remains of that animal exist near the spot where the others were found, partly also of determining somewhat further than has been done the circumstances under which those remains were deposited in that spot, and the relation of the bed in which they occur to the Great Oolite below and the Forest Marble above.

Photographs of Geological Interest in the United Kingdom.-Sixth Report of the Committee, consisting of Professor JAMES GEIKIE Chairman), Professor T. G. BONNEY, Dr. TEMPEST ANDERSON, the late Dr. VALENTINE BALL, Mr. JAMES E. BEDFORD, Professor W. BOYD DAWKINS, Mr. EDMUND J. GARWOOD, Mr. J. G. GOODCHILD, Mr. WILLIAM GRAY, Mr. ROBERT KIDSTON, Professor T. MCKENNY HUGHES, Mr. A. S. REID, Mr. J. J. H. TEALL, Mr. R. H. TIDDEMAN, Mr. W. W. WATTS, Mr. H. B. WOODWARD, and Mr. OSMUND W. JEFFS (Secretary). (Drawn up by the Secretary.)

APPENDIX

1.-Schedule of the Collection of Photographs
II-List of Photographs illustrating Geological Papers

PAGE

411

413

YOUR Committee have the honour to report that during the past year 161 photographs have been received, thus bringing up the number registered since the commencement of their operations to a total of 1,216. Particulars of the new additions are, as heretofore, given in this Report. By far the greater number of these are the work of Mr. Godfrey Bingley, of Leeds, to whom the Committee are indebted for much valuable assistance. They desire to record their thanks to the following donors of photographs and others who have rendered aid in various ways: Professor

Bonney, Messrs. J. E. Bedford, Godfrey Bingley, F. W. Broadhead, Montagu Browne, F. N. Eaton, W. Gray, S. Hey, R. Kidston, J. G. McDakin, G. A. Piquet, T. Mellard Reade, A. S. Reid, Aubrey Strahan, J. J. H. Teall, Beeby Thompson, and W. W. Watts; the Geologists' Association (of London), the Leeds Geological Association, the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, the Dover Natural History and Antiquarian Society, and the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society.

Following the usual practice, a summary of the geographical areas represented in the collection is given below :

The above number comprises several duplicates, the same section or locality having in some cases been photographed by different persons. It was decided to record all prints received, but it will be readily understood that in so large a number, from so many sources, a proportion of the prints sent in has been found, on examination, to be unsuitable either as not coming within the scope of the collection, or, from want of definition or other causes, not being sufficiently good examples of features of geological interest. It is further to be regretted that several prints have been sent in without the needful explanatory details to show what the photograph was intended to illustrate. It will be necessary, in arranging the collection in its permanent location, for a careful inspection to be made in order that prints which are found to be unsuitable may be eliminated. The necessity for the use of a permanent process of printin

copies from negatives is seen in the fact that some of the prints received at an early period of the collection have faded. In many cases, too, the earlier photographs have been replaced by better prints of the same subject. From these and other causes, the number of photographs which have been mounted and placed in the portfolios provided by the Committee is somewhat less than that given in the above summary.

The Committee have made special efforts during the year to obtain contributions of photographs from localities not hitherto represented in he collection, and have again issued a circular to the delegates of the Corresponding Societies and to a large body of geologists and photographers in the United Kingdom. All the responses which were expected have not yet been received, owing, in great measure, to the fact that it is often difficult (especially in those of our inland districts situated far away from large towns) to obtain the services of a skilled photographer having sufficient geological knowledge.

In addition to the usual recommendations for the collection of photographs, the Committee issued a précis (given below) of the letters containing suggestions for suitable cameras sent by several members who were invited to state their views on this subject, as mentioned in the last Report. It is hoped that these hints on the selection of a suitable camera for geological field work may be useful to many geologists who desire to have their own photographic records of scenic features or sections of interest.

Apparatus for Geological Photography.

The best camera to use is probably that to which the worker is himself most accustomed. These hints are added for the guidance of those who have not yet adopted any particular camera.

The camera should be as light as possible, but rigidity when set up is absolutely necessary.

Double swing-back and rising and falling front are essentials, to allow of correct perspective and the true rendering of lines and curves.

The camera should admit of long extension to permit the use of lenses of various foci.

It is sometimes desirable to take photographs of inclined or horizontal rock-surfaces at distances of a few feet, for the purpose of showing minor features, such as veins, glacial markings, structures of gneissose rocks, &c. To effect this, two boards hinged together with some arrangement for fixing them at the desired angle are all that are required. The lower board must, of course, be screwed to the stand and the upper one to the

camera.

A spirit level should be attached to or used with the camera.

It is well to have three lenses :-(1) A rapid rectilinear doublet of 10 to 12-inch focus (for-plate size); (2) a wide-angle meniscus, focal length about 6 to 7 inches, for interiors of quarries and craters; and (3) a long-focus lens of focal length equal to three or four times the length of the plate, for distant hills and inaccessible cliffs.

It

If only one lens is used, it should be a rapid rectilinear of about 9-inch focal length (for-plate size), and should be by some reputable maker. must be the best of its kind obtainable. the weight to be carried, they are not plates should be used whenever possible.

Though films materially decrease recommended for general use: Good general work can be done