On the Agricultural Community of the Middle Ages: And Inclosures of the Sixteenth Century in EnglandWilliams and Norgate, 1872 - 100 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
Abbrev according acræ acreage acres agricultural Anglo-Saxon appears arable land boundary Bracton carucas cattle breeding Codex common lands common meadow common pasture condition convertible husbandry copyholders corn cotarii cultivation custom demesne lands Domesday Book Domesday of St domini draught cattle England especially expressly extent fallow farms fields frequently German grass habet Hale Hale hay harvest Henry VIII hides Hund Hundred Rolls Huntingdonshire inclosed inclosures intermixed Kemble king labour Land registers landed property lease libere tenentes London lord manor manure mediæval mentioned Middle Ages money rent Oxfordshire partitioning pasturage rights Paul's peasant period places Placit plots plough possession possessors pratum quæ quod quolibet right of pasturage rule separate serfs sheep socmanni soil succession of crops system of husbandry Tacitus tenants tenure terra dominica terræ three-field husbandry tion Trinoda necessitas two-field husbandry unam usque village husbandry villani villata villenagium virgata warectum wheat whole
Popular passages
Page 94 - Committees of this House, sitting on Private Bills, neglected the rights of the poor. I do not say that they wilfully neglected those rights : far from it ; but this I affirm, that they were neglected in consequence of the Committees being permitted to remain in ignorance of the claims of the poor man, because by reason of his very poverty he is unable to come up to London to fee counsel, to produce witnesses, and to urge his claims before a Committee of this House.
Page 95 - Agri pro numero cultorum ab universis in vices occupantur, quos -mox inter se secundum dignationem partiuntur : facilitatem partiendi camporum spatia praestant. Arva per annos mutant : et superest ager...
Page 97 - changed the arable year to year, there was land to spare," that is, for commons, " and pasture : but it does not amount to a proof that settled property in land was not part of the Teutonic scheme : it implies no more than this, that within the Mark, which was the property of all, what was this year one man's cornland might the next be another man's fallow...
Page 98 - Each parish and township (at least in the more central and northern districts) comprised different descriptions of land, having been subjected during successive ages to specified modes of occupancy under ancient and strict regulations, •which time had converted into law. These parochial arrangements, however, varied somewhat in the different districts, but in the more central, and greater part of the kingdom, not widely.
Page 20 - Arva per annos mutant : et superest ager ; nee enim cum ubertate et amplitudine soli labore contendunt, ut pomaria conserant et prata separent et hortos rigent : sola terrae seges imperatur.
Page 10 - Nasse, In his Agricultural Community of the Middle Ages, p. 10, quoting Marshall, observes : " Every village . . in the immediate vicinity of the dwelling-houses and farm-buildings, had some few inclosed grass lands for the rearing of calves, or for other cattle which it might be thought necessary to keep near the village (the common farmstead or homestall).
Page 19 - If churls have a common meadow or other partible land' to fence, and some have fenced their part, some have not, and (cattle stray in and) eat up their common corn or grass ; let those go who own the gap and compensate to the others...
Page 80 - ... Kunckel was not generally known until it was published in 1836, by M. Metzger, proprietor of the glass-works at Zechlin, on the occasion of M. Fuss' researches. It must not be imagined from this, as some persons have lately stated, that it is necessary to use gold in the state of Cassius purple. Neri, at the end of the sixteenth and commencement of the seventeenth century, stated, that in order to stain glass a ruby color, it was only necessary to employ calcined chloride of gold. At a later...
Page 16 - ... Athelstan II. Fr. § 2, where an expiatory fine is to be divided among the poor; as well as in Edgar IV. c. 8 — the word 'tun' cannot be intended to be used for individual homesteads, but only for places, a signification which later became the ruling one." Nasse, in a footnote, 3, page 16, says, "the old Jute law prescribes (from 1240 AD) iii, chap. 57, van thunen tho makende (on making hedges) 'that every village shall be inclosed by a hedge...
Page 20 - Scythae, Quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt domos, Vivunt, et rigidi Getae, Immetata quibus jugera liberas Fruges et .Cererem ferunt; Nec cultura placet longior annua, Defunctumque laboribus Aequali recreat sorte vicarius.